Sedimentary membrane lipids recycled by deep-sea benthic archaea

http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/natsushima/nt06-04/ehttp://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/natsushima/nt06-05/ehttp://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/natsushima/nt06-22/ehttp://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/natsushima/nt08-02/ehttp://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/chikyu/902/

The Influence of Slope Aspect and Slope Angle on the Spread of Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.) in Eastern Japan (Temperate Climate)

In order to economically and rapidly introduce centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.) to support grazing on abandoned cultivated lands in eastern Japan (temperate climate), we used continuous rather than categorical data to investigate the influence of slope aspect and slope angle on the rate of spread in centipedegrass. We planted centipedegrass in 2003, and the coverage of centipedegrass was investigated in 61 quadrats with varying slope aspects and slope angles between 2003 and 2008. The number of years from the initial appearance to the maximum rate of centipedegrass spread (YMS, years of maximum spread) was calculated. The quadratic surface regression was also calculated to estimate the relationship among YMS, slope angle, and slope aspect. The highest YMS was 1.0-1.5 years in the quadrats that faced south and were relatively flat, whereas the lowest YMS was 3.0-3.5 years in the quadrats that faced north and had a slope angle of 10-20°. Therefore, centipedegrass can be introduced using a lower seeding rate on flat or gentle-sloping lands with southern aspects, even in eastern Japan (temperate climate) that had -4.7℃ of daily minimum air temperature in monthly average. Further, quadratic surface regression showed significant effect of slope aspect and slope angle, but its predictability was low, suggesting that plant species shading centipedegrass affected the spread of centipedegrass.北関東程度の冷涼な気候条件の耕作放棄地放牧において, 経済的かつ早期にセンチピードグラス草地を造成するため, 斜面方位と斜度がセンチピードグラスの被覆速度に及ぼす影響を評価した。方位と斜度が異なる61のコドラートにセンチピードグラスを2003年に導入し, 2008年までその被度を調査した。センチピードグラス被覆速度の指標として, センチピードグラスの出現から最も早く広がる速度に達するまでの期間 (YMS) を求めた。そして, 方位と斜度を独立変数, YMS を従属変数として曲線回帰を行った。その結果, YMS が最も短い地形は南向きの平坦な場所で, その値は 1.0-1.5 年であった。YMS が最も遅い地形は北向きの10-20゜の斜面で, その値は 3.0-3.5 年であった。このことから, 東日本の冷涼な気候 (月平均最低気温が-4.7℃程度) の気候条件下でセンチピードグラスを種子により導入する場合, 平坦な南側の地形で播種量を少なくすることが実用的と考えられた。一方, 曲線回帰は有意であるが γ^2 が低く, その要因としてセンチピードグラス導入には前植生の庇蔭の影響も受けていたことが考えられた

MEASUREMENT OF URINARY IL-6 IN HUMAN CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

IL-6 is closely associated with the pathogenesis of human mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (mesPGN). We have previously shown that the measurement of urinary IL-6 is a helpful tool for monitoring the progression of IgA nephropathy. In this study, IL-6 activity of both 24-hour urine and spot urine from the same patients was measured to determine which urine sample functions better as a sample for the measurement of urinary IL-6. Urine samples were collected from 131 patients with primary and secondary glomerular diseases followed at Nara Medical University Hospital. Spot urine samples were collected and stored immediately at -20℃ until use. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected at room temperature and also stored at -20℃ until use. Urinary IL-6 was measured by using IL-6 dependent hybridoma clone, MH60. BSF2, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When the spot urine was used for the measurement of IL-6, IL-6 activity became undetectable in 15 out of 20 patients, while 24-hour urine samples from all 20 patients showed significant IL-6 activity. In addition, urinary IL-6 activity was not diminished by 24-hour storage of urine samples at room temperature. These data indicate that IL-6 was not excreted continuously. Thus, the 24-hour urine sample was a better sample for the measurement of urinary IL-6. The levels of urinary IL-6 measured by using MH60. BSF2 were positively correlated with those measured by ELISA system. However, urinary IL-6 in about 53% of patients whose urinary IL-6 activity could be determined by using MH60. BSF2 became undetectable when using ELISA system. As a sample for the measurement of urinary IL-6, we should use the 24-hour urine sample. Urinary IL-6 could be measured easily by using ELISA system

被験者の治験に対する意識に関する多施設共同調査の試み

金沢大学医学部附属病院臨床試験管理センタ