Musical Expertise Has Minimal Impact on Dual Task Performance

Studies investigating effect of practice on dual task performance have yielded conflicting findings, thus supporting different theoretical accounts about the organisation of attentional resources when tasks are performed simultaneously. Because practice has been proven to reduce the demand of attention for the trained task, the impact of long-lasting training on one task is an ideal way to better understand the mechanisms underlying dual task decline in performance. Our study compared performance during dual task execution in expert musicians compared to controls with little if any musical experience. Participants performed a music recognition task and a visuo-spatial task separately (single task) or simultaneously (dual task). Both groups showed a significant but similar performance decline during dual tasks. In addition, the two groups showed a similar decline of dual task performance during encoding and retrieval of the musical information, mainly attributed to a decline in sensitivity. Our results suggest that attention during dual tasks is similarly distributed by expert and non-experts. These findings are in line with previous studies showing a lack of sensitivity to difficulty and lack of practice effect during dual tasks, supporting the idea that different tasks may rely on different and not-sharable attentional resources

Suunnittelunohjaus metallilasirakenteiden hankinnassa

Tässä opinnäytetyössä käsitellään suunnittelunohjausta rakennuskohteiden julkisivuihin asennettavien metallilasirakenteiden hankinnassa. Työn tilaajana toimi NCC Suomi Oy. Metallilasirakenteiden lisääntyvä ostovolyymi rakennushankkeissa tarvitsee kriittistä tarkastelua rakenteiden ominaisuuksien lisääntyessä ja monimutkaistuessa. Asiaa tutkittiin yhdessä metallilasitoimittajien kanssa. Tavoitteena oli selvittää lasirakenteiden suurimmat kustannustekijät. Tutkimus suoritettiin kvalitatiivisena tutkimuksena. Syvähaastattelujen kohteena olivat NCC Suomi Oy:n yhteistyöyritysten edustajat, jotka vastaavat metallilasirakenteiden myynnistä yrityksessä. Kvalitatiivisen tutkimuksen lisäksi opinnäytetyön teoria-osiossa hyödynnettiin metallilasirakenteisiin liittyviä ohjeistuksia, määräyksiä ja muita tutkimuksia. Työn tuloksena selvitettiin metallilasirakenteiden merkittävimpiä kustannustekijöitä. Metallilasirakenteiden profiilien materiaali, lasien ruutukoko, lasin ominaisuudet sekä rakenteen värisävy vaikuttavat merkittävästi valmiin rakennustuotteen hintaan. Optimoimalla näitä ominaisuuksia rakennusliike pystyy tuottamaan kokonaisedullisen rakenneratkaisun tilaajan, suunnittelijoiden sekä metallilasitoimittajien kanssa yhteistyössä.This thesis discusses the design management of metal glass structures installed in building facades. The increasing purchase volume of metal glass structures in construction projects needs critical examination with the structures and their properties becoming more complex. The examiner's task was to investigate the matter together with metal glass suppliers with the aim to find out the major cost factors for metal glass structures. The study was conducted as a qualitative research. The interviewees were representatives of the partner companies of NCC Suomi Oy who are responsible for the sale of metal glass structures. In addition to the qualitative research, the theory section contains information relating to studies about the topic as well as guidelines and regulations for the use of the metal in glass structures. The examination resulted in finding out the most important cost factors of metal glass structures. The material of the profiles, the size of the glass panel, characteristics of the glass and the color tone of the structure significantly affect the cost of the finished metal glass structure. By optimizing these properties of the structural solution, construction companies will be able to produce affordable solutions in cooperation with the client, designers and as well with metal glass suppliers

一种简单实用的CWDM器件的设计与制作

提出了一种简单实用的粗波分复用（CWDM）器件,这种器件级联8个多层介质膜滤波器,以解复用出波长间隔为20nm的8路光信号,两个由8个自聚焦透镜和8根光纤组成的阵列对置于这些多层介质膜滤波器后,以接收8路解复用后的光信号。测试结果表明,该器件各种性能均较好

Variation of phenoloxidase activity affected by hemocyanin in shrimp Penaeus vannamei

以采自厦门的南美白对虾(Penaeusvannamei)为研究对象,运用病原菌人工感染、血蓝蛋白浓度和酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)活性测定等方法探索南美白对虾血蓝蛋白在体内、外对其血清酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,南美白对虾人工感染副溶血弧菌后,其血淋巴中血蓝蛋白浓度和PO活性的变化趋势基本一致。在体外实验中将一定量的血蓝蛋白重组蛋白添加至血清中,其PO活性可明显升高;但同时添加血蓝蛋白重组蛋白和E.coliK12超声破碎液后,其PO活力反而降低。研究提示,血蓝蛋白在一定范围内确实可以正反馈调节PO活性,但在细菌等干扰之下,其又可表现出一定的负反馈抑制活性。It has been confirmed that hemocyanin is a kind of important multifunctional protein found in the hemolymph of both arthropod and mollusk. And phenoloxidase is a type of vital immune protein in invertebrate. Recently,interest has been focused on comparative research between hemocyanin and phenoloxidase. In the paper,a preliminary study was made to characterize the variation of phenoloxidase activity affected by in vivo hemocyanin and in vitro hemocyanin recombinant protein in shrimp Penaeus vannamei obtained from Xiamen. The methods of artificial infection by V. parahaemolyticus and measurement of both concentration of hemocyanin and phenoloxidase activity were used. The results showed that the variational trend of hemocyanin's concentration was similar to that of phenoloxidase activity after the shrimp was infected by V. parahaemolyticus,both of which increased to their maximum in 24?h,then descended slowly,finally came back to normal level in 36?h. In comparison with control group in vitro, the shrimp serum's phenoloxidase activity increased obviously after hemocyanin recombinant protein was added in at the concentration of 200?μg/mL or ultrasonic solution of E. coli K12 at the concentration of 35?mg/mL. However,when both hemocyanin recombinant protein and ultrasonic solution of E. coli K12 were added into the shrimp serum, its phenoloxidase activity descended immediately. It suggests that hemocyanin can adjust the phenoloxidase activity by means of positive feedback,but it also can adjust the phenoloxidase activity by means of negative feedback when its reactive solution is involved in some bacteria. In summary,these results are the latest discovery in the field of the immune function of hemocyanin and phenoloxidase,which will be helpful for elucidating the immune mechanism of hemocyanin and interrelation between hemocyanin and phenoloxidase.国家“863”计划项目基金(2002AA629050);; 广东省自然科学基金(博士启动基金)资助项目(130-122187).~

室温快速合成hkust1应用于醇选择性催化氧化

利用溶剂诱导成核法,将HKUST-1前驱液滴加入甲醇溶液,在室温条件下即可快速合成HKUST-1晶体。 X-射线衍射结果表明所合成的HKUST-1具有很高的结晶度;扫描电子显微镜显示该HKUST-1具有规则的八面体形貌,尺寸为2 ~ 3 μm; N_2吸附实验表明HKUST-1的BET比表面积高达1 100 m~2/g。利用HKUST-1含有大量的未饱和Cu~(2+),以HKUST-1和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基(TEMPO)组成的催化体系,研究了HKUST-1/TEMPO对苯甲醇选择性氧化成苯甲醛的反应。催化结果表明,HKUST-1/TEMPO体系在无外加碱添加剂时,在三氟甲苯溶剂中,可将苯甲醇高效、高选择性氧化成苯甲醛。HKUST-1和TEMPO均是催化苯甲醇转化成苯甲醛的催化剂,两者缺一不可。HKUST-1催化前后结构未发生明显变化,催化剂循环利用4次后,对苯甲醇的转化率仍保持在80%以上,是优异的异相催化剂

室温快速合成HKUST-1应用于醇选择性催化氧化

利用溶剂诱导成核法,将HKUST-1前驱液滴加入甲醇溶液,在室温条件下即可快速合成HKUST-1晶体。 X-射线衍射结果表明所合成的HKUST-1具有很高的结晶度;扫描电子显微镜显示该HKUST-1具有规则的八面体形貌,尺寸为2 ~ 3 μm; N_2吸附实验表明HKUST-1的BET比表面积高达1 100 m~2/g。利用HKUST-1含有大量的未饱和Cu~(2+),以HKUST-1和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基(TEMPO)组成的催化体系,研究了HKUST-1/TEMPO对苯甲醇选择性氧化成苯甲醛的反应。催化结果表明,HKUST-1/TEMPO体系在无外加碱添加剂时,在三氟甲苯溶剂中,可将苯甲醇高效、高选择性氧化成苯甲醛。HKUST-1和TEMPO均是催化苯甲醇转化成苯甲醛的催化剂,两者缺一不可。HKUST-1催化前后结构未发生明显变化,催化剂循环利用4次后,对苯甲醇的转化率仍保持在80%以上,是优异的异相催化剂

亚铁盐制备高结晶度mil100fe纳米材料及其光降解有机染料性能

为了高效、低成本合成光催化性能优异MOFs纳米颗粒,首先将均苯三甲酸与氢氧化钠反应制备均苯三甲酸三钠盐水溶液,之后与亚铁盐(氯化亚铁和醋酸亚铁)水溶液在室温下搅拌24h,合成高结晶度和高稳定性的MIL-100(Fe)纳米颗粒。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计等对MIL-100(Fe)纳米颗粒的晶体结构、形貌、光吸收和光催化性能进行测试表征,结果表明在紫外光照射下,MIL-100(Fe)/H_2O_2体系具有优异的光催化降解罗丹明B和甲基橙等有机染料性能

铁盐对制备mil100fe的影响及其光催化性能

三价铁盐和二价亚铁盐作为合成MIL-100(Fe)的铁源,对所合成产物的结晶度、形貌以及尺寸具有重要影响。以二价亚铁盐作为原料,利用室温水相合成法可获得八面体形状、高结晶度、高比表面积MIL-100(Fe)纳米颗粒;以三价铁盐作为原料,只能获得尺寸更小、低结晶度的Fe-BTC金属-有机聚合物纳米颗粒。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计等对MIL-100(Fe)和Fe-BTC纳米颗粒的晶体结构、形貌、光吸收以及对罗丹明B(RhB)吸附和光催化降解性能进行测试表征。结果表明:Fe~(2+)被弱碱性溶液缓慢氧化成Fe~(3+),进而形成MIL-100(Fe)的无机次级结构单元μ_3-OFe(Ⅲ)O~6,是合成高结晶度MIL-100(Fe)的关键。以FeCl_3为原料时,由于Fe~(3+)与BTC3-快速反应,不利于形成μ_3-OFe(Ⅲ)O~6次级结构单元,因此产物为Fe-BTC纳米颗粒聚合物。Fe-BTC纳米颗粒粒径更小,且聚集态的纳米颗粒表面具有大孔或介孔结构,更有利于吸附物种以及光降解物种的扩散,因此,Fe-BTC对RhB的吸附和光催化降解性能优于MIL-100(Fe)

室温快速合成hkust1应用于醇选择性催化氧化

利用溶剂诱导成核法,将HKUST-1前驱液滴加入甲醇溶液,在室温条件下即可快速合成HKUST-1晶体。 X-射线衍射结果表明所合成的HKUST-1具有很高的结晶度;扫描电子显微镜显示该HKUST-1具有规则的八面体形貌,尺寸为2 ~ 3 μm; N_2吸附实验表明HKUST-1的BET比表面积高达1 100 m~2/g。利用HKUST-1含有大量的未饱和Cu~(2+),以HKUST-1和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基(TEMPO)组成的催化体系,研究了HKUST-1/TEMPO对苯甲醇选择性氧化成苯甲醛的反应。催化结果表明,HKUST-1/TEMPO体系在无外加碱添加剂时,在三氟甲苯溶剂中,可将苯甲醇高效、高选择性氧化成苯甲醛。HKUST-1和TEMPO均是催化苯甲醇转化成苯甲醛的催化剂,两者缺一不可。HKUST-1催化前后结构未发生明显变化,催化剂循环利用4次后,对苯甲醇的转化率仍保持在80%以上,是优异的异相催化剂

室温快速合成hkust1应用于醇选择性催化氧化

利用溶剂诱导成核法,将HKUST-1前驱液滴加入甲醇溶液,在室温条件下即可快速合成HKUST-1晶体。 X-射线衍射结果表明所合成的HKUST-1具有很高的结晶度;扫描电子显微镜显示该HKUST-1具有规则的八面体形貌,尺寸为2 ~ 3 μm; N_2吸附实验表明HKUST-1的BET比表面积高达1 100 m~2/g。利用HKUST-1含有大量的未饱和Cu~(2+),以HKUST-1和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基(TEMPO)组成的催化体系,研究了HKUST-1/TEMPO对苯甲醇选择性氧化成苯甲醛的反应。催化结果表明,HKUST-1/TEMPO体系在无外加碱添加剂时,在三氟甲苯溶剂中,可将苯甲醇高效、高选择性氧化成苯甲醛。HKUST-1和TEMPO均是催化苯甲醇转化成苯甲醛的催化剂,两者缺一不可。HKUST-1催化前后结构未发生明显变化,催化剂循环利用4次后,对苯甲醇的转化率仍保持在80%以上,是优异的异相催化剂