Trypsin digest of cancer cells surface stimulates anti-tumor immune response better than cancer cells themselves

Antigens expressed on the surface of cancer cells are accessible targets for both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and are therefore potential candidates for vaccine development. Treating surface of live human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) with trypsin yields a digest that contains 0.7% of total cell protein. Despite this difference, the trypsin digest stimulates in cytotoxicity assays anti-tumor response which kills 10-40% more cancer cells than those stimulated with cells themselves. From these results, we concluded that trypsin digest obtained from live cancer cells contains the essential antigens to induce an immune-mediated anti-tumor effect, and therefore, is candidate for anti-tumor vaccine development

Cell Proteomic Footprint

The authentication of mammalian cell cultures and their subpopulations are of tremendous demand in biotechnology and cell therapy. However, current techniques are either not efficient or can be very complex and expensive. Here we report a simple and straightforward approach for authentication of biological cells and their subpopulations with high speed, high throughput, low sample cost, and high sensitivity. We discovered that cell cultures treated with protease at soft, “non-killing” conditions release fragments of cell surface proteins, which composition is a strong characteristic of the cells. Mass spectrometric analysis of the released fragments allows a direct comparison of the produced mass spectrum with the mass spectrum of known cells. As an example, we applied this technique to verify subpopulations of human fibroblasts which have different origins and exhibit different medical characteristics

Traditions of the Russian Popular Science Journalism in the Socio-Cultural Context

The article is devoted to the historically established dominants of the science mediatization in Russia. As the main channel of the popular knowledge, the popular science press was segregated. The historical experience of the popular science journalism development shows it’s steadily focused on the commonwealth of the sciences, and audience worldview formation. From the modern terminology point of view, the very model of the Russian popular science press should be determined as a trans-media, or hybrid media, with an organic combination of the educational, enlightenment and entertainment functions

Structure-Aware Shape Synthesis

We propose a new procedure to guide training of a data-driven shape generative model using a structure-aware loss function. Complex 3D shapes often can be summarized using a coarsely defined structure which is consistent and robust across variety of observations. However, existing synthesis techniques do not account for structure during training, and thus often generate implausible and structurally unrealistic shapes. During training, we enforce structural constraints in order to enforce consistency and structure across the entire manifold. We propose a novel methodology for training 3D generative models that incorporates structural information into an end-to-end training pipeline.Comment: Accepted to 3DV 201

The horizontal model of the spatial metaphor in the media image of Russia (genres of analytical review and expert opinion)

The article was submitted on 25.05.2017.This article explores the conceptual idea of Russia’s development between 2016 and 2017 as reflected in the analytical review and expert opinion genres from online publications on socio-political issues through the horizontal model of spatial metaphors. The author analysed a total of 35 texts united by a common topic (“year in review”), with their authors having different political views. The methodological basis of the research is the idea of a metaphor as a cognitive and modelled phenomenon which plays an important role in the formation of the linguistic worldview. The purpose of the article is to establish the basic principles of how Russian reality is conceptualised within the framework of the horizontal spatial model of metaphorisation. The 766 metaphorical contexts singled out from the aforementioned texts are studied using a complex methodology of systemic contextual, semantic, and cognitive analysis of linguistic phenomena. The author establishes a general structure of this model and reveals its most frequent and relevant varieties. The author also analyses the role of conceptual metaphors in the representation of the linguistic worldview of the authors of analytical reviews and expert opinions. She argues that the model is based on the contrast between the state of rest and movement, conceived as the absence or presence of qualitative changes in the economic, socio-political, and other spheres, the desire or opportunity to change anything in those spheres coming from the representatives of the authorities, political and financial institutions, etc. It is emphasised that the figurative meanings of words characterising the state of rest and joint movement are the least frequent. This indicates that within the model in question, it is untypical of journalists and experts to present the situation in Russia during late 2016 and early 2017 as static. Additionally, the issues of interaction between different socio-political forces inside the country and those between Russia and other states are not considered priorities. The study of the metaphor is systemic and helps create a varied, but also well-structured, image of the country’s development over a year.Исследуется концептуальное представление о развитии России в 2016–2017 гг., отраженное в жанрах аналитического обзора и экспертного мнения интернет-изданий общественно-политической направленности, с помощью горизонтальной модели пространственных метафор. Анализируемые тексты опубликованы под шапкой «Итоги года», а их авторы придерживаются различных политических взглядов. В общей сложности проанализировано 35 публикаций. Методологической базой исследования стало представление о метафоре как о когнитивном и моделируемом феномене, играющем важную роль в формировании языковой картины мира. Цель – установить основные принципы концептуализации российской действительности в рамках горизонтальной пространственной модели метафоризации. Выделенные на основании сплошной выборки 766 соответствующих метафорических контекстов исследуются с применением комплексной методики системного контекстного, семантического и когнитивного анализа языковых явлений. Устанавливается общая структура модели, выявляются наиболее востребованные ее составляющие и варианты. Анализируется роль концептуальных метафор в репрезентации языковой картины мира авторов аналитических обзоров и экспертных мнений. Отмечается, что в основе исследуемой модели лежит противопоставление состояния покоя и движения, осмысляемое как отсутствие или наличие качественных изменений в экономической, социально-политической и иных сферах, желания или возможности изменить что-либо в этих сферах со стороны представителей власти, политических, финансовых институтов и т. п. Подчеркивается, что менее всего представлены переносные значения лексики, характеризующей состояние покоя и совместного движения; это свидетельствует о том, что для журналистов и экспертов (в рамках данной модели) нетипично представление о ситуации в России в 2016 – начале 2017 г. как о статичной, а проблемы взаимодействия различных социально-политических сил внутри страны и РФ с другими государствами не относятся к числу приоритетных. Исследованные метафоры системны и позволяют создать разнообразную, но четко организованную картину развития страны в течение года.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках базовой части государственного задания в сфере научной деятельности по проекту № 34.8128.2017/8.9

Verbal Memory in Late-life Depressions and Normal Ageing

In the present article, authors analyze characteristics of verbal memory in late-life depressions and normal ageing. During last decades, the increase of frequency of affective disorders in depression spectrum in late age attracts attention of specialists. Memory is one of the most sensitive functions in late-life depressions. The maingoal of this research is to estimate verbal memory of senior patients with depression and normal persons. Two groups of participants, consisting of 197 patients with depressions of Scientific Center of Mental Health (Moscow) and 100 mentally healthy people participated in this research. Control and clinical groups were comparable by socio-demographical parameters. The results of two methods were interpreted: (1) memorization and delayed reproduction of five words; (2) naming of five sharp objects. In first method, the volume of first reproduction (FR), the number of material presentations required for memorization (N) and the volume of delayed reproduction (DR) were examined. In addition, the frequency of occurrence of various types of errors such as omissions, inert repetitions, impairments of order and of selectivity was estimated. In the second method were examined: presence of pauses, necessity of psychological assistance, such as verbal stimulation or clarification of the semantic field. Statistical analysis was made using SPSS Statistics and Microsoft office Excel 2007. The research results showed that patients with depression deal with offeredmethods worse than mentally healthy people do. In memorization of five words, volumes of FR and DR were lower and patients needed more repetitions to memorize. When analyzing age dynamic, negative changes in verbal memory were more evident in clinical group. When naming of five sharp objects, patients with depression made more pauses and needed more frequently clarification of semantic field or verbal stimulation. Keywords: verbal memory, normal ageing, late-life depressions, neuropsycholog

Space and Time in Neuropsychological Studies: History and Modernity

The content of the category of chronotope in biology, philology and psychology is revealed. The connection of approaches to the analysis of the interrelation of space and time in the concepts of V. Vernadsky, A. Ukhtomsky, N. Bernstein and M. Bakhtin is shown. It is state that common for all this concepts is the aim to analyze the integral response of the organism to the effects of the external environment. It is shown that Ukhtomsky’s complex approach to heterochrony of chronotope is correlated with the complex structure of the psychological chronotope, in which three parameters of space as well as three parameters of time are distinguished in the objective and subjective reality. Heterochrony is especially important for neuropsychology. Considering the chronotope in the context of brain work, scientists discovered the facts of heterochrony, heterotopy and hetero-dynamicity of development. It is connected with the fact that mental functions begin to develop at different times and are formed at different speeds and in different areas of the brain. Spatial-temporal determination ofontogeny is important for the differentiation of normal and abnormal development, for determining the type and nature of mental dysontogenesis, for psychosomatic studies. This makes it possible to talk about the cerebral substratum of the chronotope as a spatial-temporal factor of the psyche, which, undoubtedly, requires further research. In the psychology of personality the chronotope gives the possibility of a holistic approach to the analysis of person in the changing reality of space-time. It is extremely important for investigating the processes of socialization and the identity formation in transitive reality. In conclusion it is states the possibility to understand the concept of ”psychological chronotope” as a construct that connects different approaches and paradigms to the development of person in a modern changing society. Keywords: chronotope, space, time, psycholog

Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis in Children Resulting from Wegener’s Granulomatosis, Crohn’s Disease, or Sarcoidosis

Granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) is a rare type of kidney disease, the precise etiology of which is obscure, but is most commonly seen following drug therapy and infection. The main infections seen in the onset of this pathology, especially in immunocompromised patients, include mycobacteria and fungi. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis can be a manifestation of systemic diseases, such as Wegener’s granulomatosis, Crohn’s disease, or sarcoidosis. We present our experience with GIN diagnosis and management