The Ruling Discourse on Proper Womanhood in the Hungarian Parliament

Starting with a debate in September 2012 on the incorporation of domestic violence as a distinct offence in Hungary’s new Criminal Code, the issue of gender and proper womanhood has regularly re-surfaced in statements made by ruling coalition MPs in parliamentary debates. Drawing on discourse analysis, this study investigates a selection of these statements in the context of the government’s current policy and public discourse. The paper argues that these discourses outline an essentialist model reflective of a dominant ideology that is traditional, Christian, patriarchal and heteronormative, which, by hinting at women’s accountability for certain social ills, also allows for a chain of associations that ultimately results in the subversion of the overall social status of women, dividing and marginalising them further and discrediting any claims or actions aimed at establishing a more egalitarian society in the country

Cautious Practice in Accountancy Credit Units

The constitution of the specific risk prevision refers to their creation and is realized including in the cost the sum representing the level of the necessary specific risk provisions, in case there is no provision. The constitutions, regulation and the utilization of specific risk provisions will be realized using the credit currency and/or the investments they correct. Specific risk provisions are to be determined only for the client’s balance sheet engagements. The calculation for the necessary volume of provisions is realized for each and every credit contract referring to the final client classification categoryfinancial performance, credit contract, the necessary volume of provisions, specific risk provisions, the balance sheet, the accepted warranties

The International Financial and Macro-Economic Frame of the Current Economic Crisis

The international financial and macro-economic frame of the current economic crisis is subjected to certain tensions yet remains relatively robust, even if there is a visible deceleration of economic growth in certain countries, the correlation between the price of actives due to the adjustment of the perception of risk is materialized, and the characteristics of the financial markets are significantly changed.crisis, recession, world economics, financial markets, economic deficit

Financial Profit: Profit from Production and Profit upon Alienation

Financial profit is prevalent in contemporary capitalist economies, yet its nature and sources remain unclear. In classical political economy, and for Marx, profit is conceptualised either as a fresh flow of value (profit from production) or as a share of existing flows of value (profit upon alienation or expropriation). This distinction is of critical importance in analysing financial profit, since the latter originates in both fresh and existing flows of value. The most complex form of financial profit relates to trading financial assets, and has a dual nature. In immediate terms, it arises from redistributing loanable capital; when mediated, it represents the accrual of future surplus value. If the mediation is incomplete, however, financial profit remains redistributed loanable capital, hence, a part of the existing flows of value. Thus, it is normally profit from production, but retains elements of profit upon alienation or expropriation.

The Anachronism of the Local Public Accountancy Determinate by the Accrual European Model

Placing the European accrual model upon cash accountancy model, presently used in Romania, at the level of the local communities, makes possible that the anachronism of the model to manifest itself on the discussion’s concentration at the nominalization about the model’s inclusion in everyday public practice. The basis of the accrual model were first defined in the law regarding the commercial societies adopted in Great Britain in 1985, when they determined that all income and taxes referring to the financial year “will be taken into consideration without any boundary to the reception or payment date.”1 The accrual model in accountancy needs the recording of the non-cash effects in transactions or financial events for their appearance periods and not in any generated cash, received or paid. The business development was the basis for “sophistication” of the recordings of the transactions and financial events, being prerequisite for recording the debtors’ or creditors’ sums.accountancy, creditors, transactions, public sector

Oxidative stress as a pathophysiological mechanism

The toxic effect of oxygen molecules on the human organism was first described in 1774 by J. Priestley, who compared it to the effect of a `burning candle`. Years later, superoxide dismutasis was discovered (1969) and this gave rise to the theory of the oxidative cell injury, a result of the aggressive impact of oxygen-containing forms.Contemporary literature contains an increasing amount of data on oxidative tissue and organ injury in various socially significant diseases. It is well known that the brain is vulnerable to oxidation due to its high lipid content, intensive oxygen consumption and, at the same time, relatively low antioxidant levels. Oxidative imbalance is a key mechanism of cell injury in acute (cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, epileptic seizures) as well as in chronic neurological conditions (Parkinson`s, Alzheimer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc.). Studies of patients with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, vitiligo, psoriasis, etc., as well as of patients with neoplastic diseases, demonstrate a decreased potential of the antioxidant defense of the organism. The increased production of superoxide anion radicals in the mitochondria plays a role in the development of microand macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The oxidative imbalance is also of great importance in regard to the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases.At present, the data concerning the role of oxidative imbalance as a mechanism of burn-induced gastric mucosal injury are few in number. Therefore, the article by Hristova, et al. `Apoptosis as a Mechanism for Burn-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury` is very interesting. The results from the study confirm the high degree of apoptosis in the gastric mucosa due to changes in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in favor of the proapoptotic Bax protein. As a whole, the results from the biochemical study of the oxidative stress markers, the established microscopic changes in the gastric mucosa, and the results from the immunohistochemical tests support the hypothesis of the role of oxidative stress as an important pathophysiological mechanism of apoptosis and gastric mucosal injury in the acute period after thermal trauma

Differential involvement of hippocampal angiotensin 1 receptors in learning and memory processes in bulbectomized rats

There is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of AT1 receptor antagonists on learning and memory processes. The effects of angiotensin II and losartan administration into CA1 hippocampal area on the avoidance performance in olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) rats using active avoidance (shuttle box) test and passive avoidance (step through) test were investigated. Rats were microinjected unilaterally through implanted guide cannulas into the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus and the drugs were administered separately, 5 minutes before each training session. The microinjections of losartan into the left, but not the right CA1 hippocampal area improved the acquisition and retention of active and passive avoidance learning, thus suggesting dependence on the side of injection. The unilateral (left or right) administration of angiotensin II did not significantly affect the performance of OBX rats in the avoidance tasks. A differential distribution of the AT1 receptors in the left and right hemisphere could contribute for the asymmetry in the behavioral effects of the AT receptor antagonist

Asymmetric thymocyte death underlies the CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio in the adaptive immune system

It has long been recognized that the T-cell compartment has more CD4 helper than CD8 cytotoxic T cells, and this is most evident looking at T-cell development in the thymus. However, it remains unknown how thymocyte development so favors CD4 lineage development. To identify the basis of this asymmetry, we analyzed development of synchronized cohorts of thymocytes in vivo and estimated rates of thymocyte death and differentiation throughout development, inferring lineage-specific efficiencies of selection. Our analysis suggested that roughly equal numbers of cells of each lineage enter selection and found that, overall, a remarkable ∼75% of cells that start selection fail to complete the process. Importantly it revealed that class I-restricted thymocytes are specifically susceptible to apoptosis at the earliest stage of selection. The importance of differential apoptosis was confirmed by placing thymocytes under apoptotic stress, resulting in preferential death of class I-restricted thymocytes. Thus, asymmetric death during selection is the key determinant of the CD4:CD8 ratio in which T cells are generated by thymopoiesis

Über die Verknüpfung von (Medien-) Innovationsforschung und Netzwerkanalyse mittels theoretischer Konzeptualisierung und empirischer Fundierung

Rezension zu Thilo von Pape Aneignung neuer Kommunikationstechnologien in sozialen Netzwerken. Am Beispiel des Mobiltelefons unter Jugendlichen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2008. 305 Seiten ISBN 978-3-531-16133-