ODGAJANJE SENZIBILNOSTI ZA PITANJE SMISLA Doprinos misli V. E. Frankl-a smjernicama odgajanju

Analizirajući vrijeme u kojem živi Frankl kao ključni problem uočava čovjekovo ophođenje s pitanjem smisla. Bude li frustrirana „volja za smislom“ tako što se ovo pitanje zanemari ili potisne, odnosno pokuša li se zaobići nadomjestkom kao „voljom za užitkom“, za moći ili samoostvarenjem, čovjek se dovodi u situaciju „egzistencijalnog vakuuma“ i napokon „noogene neuroze“. Značajne poticaje razvoju logoterapije i egzistencijalne analize Frankl vidi u analizi čovjekova stanja filozofa egzistencijalističkog usmjerenja, čije misli nailaze na potvrde kliničke prakse. Logoterapija i egzistencijalna analiza ne vidi svoj rad iscrpljen psihoterapeutskom pomoći, nego uočava potrebu preventivnog djelovanja, i to na poseban način kroz odgoj

Loss and bereavement. Understanding the process leads to adequate pastoral activities.

Globalna ali virtualna dostupnost svijeta, sekularizacija svetoga i individualizacija življenja, dostupnost neselektiranih informacija i fragmentarnost života predstavljaju kontekst u kojem se događa neadekvatna socijalna percepcija doživljaja konačnosti, ograničenosti i smrti, zbog čega čovjeku današnjice biva otežano ophođenje s njima kad postanu njegova osobna stvarnost. Uz tradirane oblike potpore, kodirane institucijama društva i religije, nude se alternativne mogućnosti suočenja gubitka i žalovanja, ne i sigurnost uspješnog zaključenja njihova procesa. Uz neizbježnu stvarnost njihove prisutnosti, pastoralna se praksa nalazi pred izazovom kritičkog propitivanja vlastite dušobrižničke skrbi i liturgijske prakse.Global but virtual access to the world, secularization of the sacred and individualization of living, availability of unselected information and fragmentation of life, are the context in which an inadequate social perception of the experience of finitude, confinement and death takes place. Consequently, today’s man finds it difficult to deal with them when they become his own reality. Along with traditional forms of support, coded by social and religious institutions, alternative possibilities for facing the loss and bereavement are offered, though not the safety of successful closing of their process. Aware of unavoidable reality of their presence, pastoral practice is challenged by questioning its own pastoral care and liturgical practice

Initiation and the Dimension of Belonging the Sacrament as a Challenge and Motivation for the Integration of Personality

Sakramenti inicijacije prizivaju instituciju koja je u okolnostima suvremenog razvoja, globalizacije, u svom izvornom obliku nestala, no ne i njezina psihološka, sociološka i kulturološka važnost zbog podrške u procesu razvoja i odrastanja mlade osobe, u prijelaznoj krizi iz djetinje dobi k pripadnosti odraslima. Implicitna potreba za inicijacijom, sada odvojena od izvornog konteksta, traži alternativne forme ovoj instituciji, što nerijetko rezultira nadomjestkom. U globalnom kontekstu valja promišljati specifičnost sakramenata kršćanske inicijacije u dogmatskom, liturgijskom, eklezijalnom i pastoralnom smislu, svjesni da će oni - ali samo kao kolateralni efekt - moći osobi pružiti sociološke, kulturne i psihološke blagodati. Zbog svoje temeljne karakteristike - da je ona zajednica vjere - Crkva posjeduje sposobnost promovirati dimenziju pripadnosti: u prepoznavanju i odgajanju potrebe, prihvaćanju izazova formiranja u odraslu i integralnu osobnost, kao odgovorna i zauzeta člana zajednice Crkve. Kontekstualno samorazumijevanje Crkve i pastoral sakramenata treba imati u vidu nove okolnosti u shvaćanju religioznosti, a razvoj hrvatskog društva pokazuje neke specifičnosti u odnosu na opći trend.The article starts from the fact that the sacraments of initiation evokes an already extinct institution which contemporary man requires just as equally yet without finding adequate support in society, seeks for a substitute in the follow-up effect to the sacraments: psychological, social and cultural. In the first chapter the author questions the significance of that ancient institution. In the second chapter he points out some factors that contributed to its extinction, particularly during the era of globalisation. In the third chapter, he turns to the situation in the Church in specific circumstances including the domestic situation in an effort to create a platform for a more correct perception in sequence to plan pastoral activities. The fourth chapter points out some directions for action keeping in mind the dimension of belonging. He considers that dealing with the sacraments of initiation is like a barometer of crisis in the identity of the young person in society who no longer recognises the institution of initiation - or rather, being introduced to the adult world and finding their own place in it (belonging to society), so that crisis in dealing with the sacraments indicates a crisis in identity. While religious life finds its form in children and mature adults, pastoral attempts are not able to find adequate religious offers to attract the young and the middle-aged to deal with their needs and (selficomprehension (belonging to the Church). The Church has become an old man for young people and the young have become strangers to the Church. The marginalisation of Christian content in culture and society also affect the personal perception of the significance of faith. Not being familiar with it, an alternative offer melts down its monolithic institutions creating a space for private (»humanistic«) believing. The crisis of the presence of Christian culture becomes a crisis of the culture of Christians. Seeing that there is need for religious content in everyday life, an alternative to alternative and electronic offers is available to members of Christian culture in the wealthy heritage of its own tradition offering authentic forms to contemporary man who once again adopt one\u27s own Christian culture and religious heritage. The Church needs to be a support on the path to maturity and integral personality through comprehending and distinguishing the needs of society, personal needs and the contents of the sacraments where in fact, the religious dimension helps with integrating the personality

Responsability and Care of Priests of their own Mental Health

Prilog naglašava ozbiljnost okolnosti života i djelovanja svećenika koje mogu znatno utjecati na njegovo psihofizičko zdravlje, pa ih valja imati na umu i odgovorno se s njima ophoditi, bez da se situacija bespotrebno katastrofizira. U obzir valja uzeti promjene zadnjih desetljeća na ekonomskom i društvenom planu, događanja unutar same Crkve te njihovo međusobno djelovanje: oni će obilježiti samopoimanje Crkve, njezin položaj u društvu, lik svećenika i promišljanje crkvenog djelovanja te tako stvoriti okvir rada svećenika, olakšavajuće i otežavajuće okolnosti, odnosno faktore rizika. Drugi je dio posvećen čimbenicima osjetljivosti, interpsihičkim i intrapsihičkim uvjetovanostima same osobnosti koje mogu pridonijeti narušenom zdravlju svećenika, budući da kompromitiraju dobru sliku o sebi i pridonose formiranju nefunkcionalnih načina suočavanja sa životnim okolnostima i zadaćama, što rezultira odsutnošću osjećaja zadovoljstva i ispunjenosti, sve do konklamiranih psihičkih poremećaja. Treći dio ukazuje na neadekvatne oblike suočavanja sa stresnom situacijom koji su ovdje svedeni na temeljna dva modela suprotnog predznaka: manični i depresivni. Budući da je zdravlje dinamičan proces međudjelovanja prethodno spomenutih čimbenika, u četvrtom se dijelu sugeriraju smjernice prevencije i održavanja zdravlja: rad na uvećanju praga tolerancije na frustraciju i njezina prihvaćanja kao sastavnog dijela života, propitivanje dosad nedovoljno isticanih oblika duhovnosti primjerenih pojedincu, promjene u stilu vođenja zajednice te promjene u shvaćanju vlastita poslanja u ekonomiji spasenja – od uloge propovjednika prema posredniku misterija, od spasitelja duša do osloboditelja i iscjelitelja.This article stresses the severity of life circumstances and the priest’s activities which can significantly influence their mental and physical health so it is worthwhile keeping in mind to responsibly deal with them without unnecessarily dramatising the situation. It is worth considering economic and social changes over the past few decades, events within the Church itself and their mutual effects: these can define the self perception of the Church, its position in society, the figure of the priest and thinking about ecclesiastic activities which then set a framework for the priest’s work, lighter and heavier circumstances and finally risk factors. The second part of the article focuses on factors of sensitivity, inter-physical ad intra-psychic conditioning of personalities themselves which can contribute to affecting a priest’s health, seeing that they compromise of the good image they have of themselves which contributes to setting and unfunctional way of confronting life circumstances and tasks resulting in an absence of satisfaction and fulfilment to the point of accumulated mental disturbance. The third part of the article points out the inadequate forms of confronting stressful situations which are presented here in two basic models with opposing features: manic and depressive. Seeing that health is a dynamic process of interactivity of the previously mentioned factors, the fourth part of the article suggests preventative directions to preserve health: working on raising the level of tolerance to frustration and acceptance as such as part of life; investigating forms of spirituality appropriate to the individual; changing the way the community is led; amending one’s understanding of their missions in the economy of salvation – from taking the role of the preacher to being a mediator of the mysteries; from being a saviour of souls to being a liberator and healer

Influence of cooling rate on the microstructural and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy EN AW-5754

U okviru ovog diplomskog rada određivan je utjecaj brzine hlađenja na veličinu tj. broj zrna po jedinici površine i mehanička svojstva (vlačnu čvrstoću, granicu razvlačenja i istezljivost) bloka legure EN AW-5754 lijevanog polukontinuiranim vertikalnim postupkom izravnog hlađenja vodom (Direct-Chill). U eksperimentalnom djelu ovoga rada, u svrhu određivanja kinetike pojedinih faza u leguri EN AW-5754, proveden je termodinamički proračun fazne ravnoteže pomoću programskog paketa Thermo-Calc (TCW 5.0) s kojim je pretpostavljen slijed izlučivanja faza: αAl, Al3Fe, Mg2Si, Al6Mn i Al3Mg2. Prisutnost pojedinih intermetalnih faza i njihova morfologija ispitana je pretražnim elektronskim mikroskopom (SEM) opremljenim s energijskim disperzivnim spektrometrom (EDS) pomoću kojih su kvantitativnom analizom utvrđeni sljedeći mikrostrukturni konstituenti: crna intermetalna faza Mg2Si nepravilnog razgranatog oblika i bijela intermetalna faza Al8(Fe, Mn)Mg3Si6 morfologijom vrlo sličnom kineskom pismu. Ispitivanjem mikrostrukture poprečno izrezane ploče s kraja bloka legure EN AW-5754 u lijevanom stanju i njihovom kvantifikacijom utvrđena je nejednolika raspodjela istoosnih zrna po poprečnom presjeku ispitivane ploče (bez zone stubičastih kristala) s povećanjem broja zrna po jedinici površine od sredine prema najintenzivnije hlađenim rubovima bloka. Dobivene vrijednosti vlačne čvrstoće i istezljivosti pokazuju trend povećanja od sredine prema rubu bloka, što analogno prati promjenu mikrostrukture. Vrijednosti za granicu razvlačenja ne pokazuju karakterističan trend ponašanja.Within this thesis it has been determined how the cooling rate affects the size, that is, the number of grains per unit area, as well as mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength and elongation) of slabs of the alloy EN AW-5754 cast with the semicontinuous vertical direct water cooling process (Direct-Chill). Within the experimental part of the thesis with the purpose of determining the kinetics of certain phases within the alloy EN AW-5754, thermodynamically calculated equilibrium phases have been obtained on the basis of the software package Thermo Calc (TCW 5.0) by which the following sequence of phase excretion was predicted: αAl , Al3Fe, Mg2Si, Al6Mn and Al3Mg2. The presence of certain intermetallic phases and their morphology were analyzed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) by which the following microstructural constituents were quantitatively analyzed: the black intermetallic phase Mg2Si with an irregular branched shape and the white intermetallic phase Al8(Fe, Mn)Mg3Si6 with a morphology similar to chinese script. By examining the microstructure of the cross-sectioned plate on the end of the cast slab of the alloy EN AW-5754 in as-cast state the uneven distribution of equiaxed grains have been determined across the cross section of the examined plate (without the columnar crystal zone) with the increasement of the grain number per unit area from the middle towards the mos t intensely cooled slab edges. The obtained values of tensile strength and elongation show a tendency of increasement from the middle towards the edge of the slab, which analogously follows the microstructural change. The distinctive trend of behavior is not shown by the yield strength values

A Systematic Approach in Pastoral of Marriage and Family in Crisis

U središtu pozornosti teologije i društvenih znanosti stoji čovjek u svojemu višedimenzionalnom jedinstvu. Dok ga psihoterapija promovira u njegovu psihosocijalnom razvoju i pokušava mu izaći ususret u egzistencijalnoj i psihosomatskoj patnji, teologija i pastoralno djelovanje prate njegov put odrastanja i iskustva u vjeri. Obje stoga posvećuju visoku pozornost pojedincu ili ciljanim skupinama, dok je njihovo djelovanje manje usmjereno na bazičnu zajednicu života i vjere – obitelj. Svojevrstan zaokret u paradigmi predstavljaju u tom smislu obiteljske, odnosno sistemske i ekološke psihoterapije koje upotpunjuju nedostatke individualnog pristupa, a nailaze na interes za njihovu primjenu u pastoralnoj praksi. Ukazivanjem na odrednice tih psihoterapija u tumačenju nefunkcionalnih ponašanja i pojavnosti poremećaja, na ciljeve koje svojem djelovanju postavljaju te uvide u modele intervencije trebalo bi uvećati senzibilnost pastoralnog djelatnika/ice za uočavanje i razumijevanje problema i otvoriti im moguće smjernice specifičnom angažmanu. Psihoterapijska i pastoralna praksa moraju kod toga voditi računa o ukupnom kontekstu obitelji: o posljedicama permanentnih mijena u društvu, kulturi i ekonomiji na njezinu definiciju, heterogenost njezine strukture, poimanja identiteta i identifikacije, na vrijednosni sustav, toliko da nije moguće uobličiti jedinstven psihosocijalni profil ni obitelji ni njezinih članova pojedinačno, kao ni osmisliti općevažeći obrazac specifičnih interakcija.In the centre of attention of theology and social sciences is the human being in his/her multidimensional unity. While psychotherapy promotes the human being in his/her psycho-social development and tries to address his/her existential and psycho-somatic suffering, theology and pastoral work follow his/her journey of growing up and his/her experience in faith. Both are, therefore, paying attention to an individual person or targeted groups, while their activities are less centred on the basic community of life and faith – the family. A certain turnabout in this paradigm is family, i.e. systematic and ecological psychotherapies that are trying to make up for the deficiencies of an individual approach and there is an interest in their application in the pastoral practice. By pointing out determinants of these psychotherapies in interpreting nonfunctional behaviours and phenomena of disorders, goals that they set in their activity, and insights into models of intervention, the sensibility of a pastoral worker for noticing and understanding problems should be increased and possible directions of a specific engagement should be opened. At the same time, the psychotherapeutic and pastoral practice has to pay attention to the overall context of family: to consequences of permanent changes in society, culture, and economy, to its definition, heterogeneity of its structure, understanding of identity and identification, and to its value system. All of this prevents the formation of one unique psycho-social profile of family and its members individually, or to create a general pattern of specific interactions

Perspectives of Dialogue of the Pastorale and Trends in Current Psychotherapy

U ovom prilogu autor polazi od činjenice da je pastoral u permanentnoj potrazi za razumijevanjem čovjeka u njegovu vremenu i kulturno-socijalnom okružju te što adekvatnijim oblicima posredovanja poklada vjere. U brizi za čovjeka pastoral će se nužno osloniti na dijalog s ostalim disciplinama, uz ostale i psihologiju odnosno psihoterapiju čije oblike u nekoj mjeri već i poznaje kroz svoju dugotrajnu pastoralnu praksu; ravnopravni bi dijalog među raznim disciplinama pridonio ne samo blagostanju čovjeka, nego eventualno otvorio nove perspektive respektivnih znanosti, bez posizanja na područja kompetencije druge. Perspektivu dijalogu autor otvara činjenicom da pastoral u psihoterapiji neće imati uniformnog partnera, pa prelazi u sumarnim crtama rađanje i povijest suvremene psihoterapije ukazujući, u drugom dijelu članka, na razloge šarolikosti psihoterapeutske ponude te smjernice njihova etabliranja. Treći se dio priloga bavi činjenicom da ne samo psihoterapeutska scena nego i stanje unutar jednog psihoterapeutskog smjera ne mora izgledati monolitan, nego doživljava čitav niz razvoja i odmaka od izvornih postavki. U tu su svrhu, tek reprezentativno, uzeta četiri bloka psihoterapija: psihoanaliza, bihevioralna psihoterapija s »kognitivnim zaokretom«, psihoterapija usmjerena na osobu klijenta te Gestalt; sve one pokazuju unutarnje propitivanje glede senzibilnosti i učinkovitosti vlastite psihoterapeutske ponude osobi u njezinom vremenu i konkretnom kulturnom i socijalnom okružju. Razvoj je psihoterapije podložan utjecajima dostignuća ostalih znanosti, na primjer genetike, psihosomatike, čija dostignuća fasciniraju, pokazuju na moguće razumijevanje izvjesnih činjenica psihološke dimenzije, ali potrebuju preispitivanja eventualnih konzekvencija po implicitnu sliku o čovjeku koju ovakvi rezultati postuliraju i u shvaćanju drugih disciplina eventualno podsvjesno moduliraju. U dijalogu s drugim disciplinama, psihologija propituje utjecaj razvoja ekonomije tj. društva na identitet i spolni identitet, na što pastoral jednako tako mora biti pozoran. Autor, u završnom dijelu, ukazuje na neke od mogućih smjernica paritetskom dijalogu pastorala i psihoterapije na obostranu korist, uzimajući u obzir analizu prethodnih poglavlja; dijalog bi trebao pridonijeti smanjenju obostranih predrasuda i koordiniranom djelovanju na dobrobit čovjeka.In this article, the author starts from the fact that the pastorale is in continual search to understand man in his time and cultural-social surrounding and for the most adequate forms of mediation of faith. In his carefor man, the pastorale will necessarily lean on dialogue with other disciplines, amongst else, psychology, that is, psychotherapy which in some way, he already recognises and knows through his own experience of pastoral practise. Equal dialogue between various disciplines would contribute not only to man\u27s prosperity, but would eventually open up new perspectives to the respective sciences without interfering in the area of competencies of the other. The author opens the perspective of dialogue with the fact that pastorale will not find an equal partner in psychotherapy and so the author presents a summary of the emergence and history of modem psychotherapy while in the second section he points out the reasons for the variety of psychotherapy being offered and the directions of its establishment. The third section of the article deals with the fact that not only do the psychotherapy scene, but also the state within a particular direction of psychotherapy need not appear monolithic but instead a experiences an entire series of developments and distancing from the original hypothesis. In that regard, four blocks of psychotherapy are brieffy taken: psychoanalysis, behavioural psychotherapy with a »cognitive turnabout«, psychotherapy directed to the person client and Gestalt. All these indicate an internal questioning regarding sensibility and effectiveness of one\u27s own psychotherapeutic offer to apers on in their time and concrete cultural and social surrounding. The development of psychotherapy is susceptible to the influence of achievement in other sciences, for example, genetics, psychosomatics, where achievements are fascinating and point out a possible comprehension of certain facts of the psychological dimension but also the need to re-question any possible consequences to the implicit image of man that these results postulate and of the understanding of other disciplines that are eventually unconsciously modulated. In a dialogue with other disciplines, psychology questions the influence on the development of the economy, that is, society, on the identity and sexual identity, which is something the pastorale needs to keep in mind too. In conclusion the author points out some of the possible directions in the parity of dialogue between the pastorale and psychotherapy mutual benefit, keeping in mind the analysis of the preceding chapter; dialogue should contribute to decreasing mutual prejudices and should co-ordinate their activities to the benefit of man

Eating Disorders and Ability for the Sacrament of Marriage

Imajući u vidu odredbu kanona 1095 br. 3 crkvenog zakonika na snazi, prilog propituje poremećaje hranjenja (posebno anoreksiju i bulimiju nervozu) kao moguće razloge za nevaljalost sakramentalne ženidbe zbog njihove psihopatološke valentnosti. U tu se svrhu podastire fenomenologija poremećaja hranjenja, komorbitet s drugim poremećajima i reperkusije na ukupno stanje osobe. Poremećaji hranjenja, uz biološki supstrat, pokazuju obitelj i društvo kao značajne čimbenike rizika. Njihova težina omogućuje valjane indikacije za prosudbu, kako poremećaji hranjenja mogu supstancijalno umanjiti sposobnost osobe na paritetni odnos među supružnicima, stvaraju smetnje u spolnom identitetu i ophođenju sa spolnošću, otežavaju spremnost i sposobnost na roditeljstvo, kao i za brigu i odgoj potomstva. Uz reperkusije na crkvenu kanonsku praksu, prilog želi potaknuti veću senzibilnost za ovu problematiku u pastoralu sakramenta ženidbe.Keeping in mind the provisions of Canon 1095 No. 3 of the current Code of Canon Law, this article questions eating disorders (particularly anorexia and bulimia) as possible reasons for the invalidity of the sacrament of marriage due to their psycho-pathological atomicity. In that regard the article presents the phenomenology of eating disorders, comorbidity with other disorders and repercussions on the overall state of the person. In addition to a biological substrate, eating disorders indicate that the family and society are significant risk factors. Their weight facilitates valid indication for judgement, how eating disorders can substantially decrease a person\u27s ability of equal relationship between spouses, leading to one\u27s sexual identity and dealing with sexuality, aggravating the person\u27s readiness and ability for parenthood and to care and bring up descendants. The article presents the repercussions on the ecclesial canonical practice as well as trying to raise awareness of this problem in pastoral care and preparation for the sacrament of marriage

Influence of cooling rate on the microstructural and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy EN AW-5754

U okviru ovog diplomskog rada određivan je utjecaj brzine hlađenja na veličinu tj. broj zrna po jedinici površine i mehanička svojstva (vlačnu čvrstoću, granicu razvlačenja i istezljivost) bloka legure EN AW-5754 lijevanog polukontinuiranim vertikalnim postupkom izravnog hlađenja vodom (Direct-Chill). U eksperimentalnom djelu ovoga rada, u svrhu određivanja kinetike pojedinih faza u leguri EN AW-5754, proveden je termodinamički proračun fazne ravnoteže pomoću programskog paketa Thermo-Calc (TCW 5.0) s kojim je pretpostavljen slijed izlučivanja faza: αAl, Al3Fe, Mg2Si, Al6Mn i Al3Mg2. Prisutnost pojedinih intermetalnih faza i njihova morfologija ispitana je pretražnim elektronskim mikroskopom (SEM) opremljenim s energijskim disperzivnim spektrometrom (EDS) pomoću kojih su kvantitativnom analizom utvrđeni sljedeći mikrostrukturni konstituenti: crna intermetalna faza Mg2Si nepravilnog razgranatog oblika i bijela intermetalna faza Al8(Fe, Mn)Mg3Si6 morfologijom vrlo sličnom kineskom pismu. Ispitivanjem mikrostrukture poprečno izrezane ploče s kraja bloka legure EN AW-5754 u lijevanom stanju i njihovom kvantifikacijom utvrđena je nejednolika raspodjela istoosnih zrna po poprečnom presjeku ispitivane ploče (bez zone stubičastih kristala) s povećanjem broja zrna po jedinici površine od sredine prema najintenzivnije hlađenim rubovima bloka. Dobivene vrijednosti vlačne čvrstoće i istezljivosti pokazuju trend povećanja od sredine prema rubu bloka, što analogno prati promjenu mikrostrukture. Vrijednosti za granicu razvlačenja ne pokazuju karakterističan trend ponašanja.Within this thesis it has been determined how the cooling rate affects the size, that is, the number of grains per unit area, as well as mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength and elongation) of slabs of the alloy EN AW-5754 cast with the semicontinuous vertical direct water cooling process (Direct-Chill). Within the experimental part of the thesis with the purpose of determining the kinetics of certain phases within the alloy EN AW-5754, thermodynamically calculated equilibrium phases have been obtained on the basis of the software package Thermo Calc (TCW 5.0) by which the following sequence of phase excretion was predicted: αAl , Al3Fe, Mg2Si, Al6Mn and Al3Mg2. The presence of certain intermetallic phases and their morphology were analyzed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) by which the following microstructural constituents were quantitatively analyzed: the black intermetallic phase Mg2Si with an irregular branched shape and the white intermetallic phase Al8(Fe, Mn)Mg3Si6 with a morphology similar to chinese script. By examining the microstructure of the cross-sectioned plate on the end of the cast slab of the alloy EN AW-5754 in as-cast state the uneven distribution of equiaxed grains have been determined across the cross section of the examined plate (without the columnar crystal zone) with the increasement of the grain number per unit area from the middle towards the mos t intensely cooled slab edges. The obtained values of tensile strength and elongation show a tendency of increasement from the middle towards the edge of the slab, which analogously follows the microstructural change. The distinctive trend of behavior is not shown by the yield strength values