On Fluid Dynamics of Freshwater and Seawater in Marine Systems

Interaction between freshwater and seawater can significantly influence marine life and create important productive and dynamic natural habitats, such as estuaries. We study such processes and for this purpose we develop a new mathematical model with the system of coupled nonlinear conservation equations that govern the interaction of the two incompressible fluids with different properties. The system is solved by using implicit operator splitting and mixed finite elements methods. Finally, the numerical scheme has been used to provide simulations of two real world scenarios

Can models based on Artificial neural networks help predict the risk of fracture in osteoporotic patients?

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, leading to bone fragility, and consequent increase in fracture risk. Globally osteoporosis affects more than 200 million people, being the cause of more than 8.9 million fractures annually. Currently the most used diagnostic tool to predict 10-year probability of bone fracture risk is FRAX

Hilbertov prostor

U ovom diplomskom radu, u prvom poglavlju objasnili smo neke osnovne činjenice vezane uz vektorski i metrički prostor. Proučili smo konvergentne nizove i redove. U drugom poglavlju definirali smo Hilbertov prostor te povezujući elementarna svojstva iz prvog poglavlja ispitali smo od kakvih nizova se on sastoji. Dokazali smo da je Hilbertov prostor potprostor vektorskog prostora, da je separabilan i potpun te smo dokazali da je strogo konveksan bez grananja.In this thesis in the first chapter, we explained some basic facts related to the vector and metric spaces. We also examined convergent sequences and series. In the second chapter we defined the Hilbert space and linking the basic properties of the first chapter we examined from which series he is composed. We proved that the Hilbert space is a subspace of vector space, that is separable and complete, and we also proved that it is strongly convex without ramifications

Health care patients on mechanical ventilation

Disanje je izmjena plinova između zraka u plućnim mjehurićima i krvi u plućnim kapilarama. Sustav dišnih organa ima svoju osnovu zadaću – dovođenje vanjskog (atmosferskog) zraka u pluća. Mehanička je ventilacija neinvazivna ili invazivna. Odabir primjerene tehnike počiva na razumijevanju mehanike disanja. Mehanička ventilacija je primjena mehaničke naprave radi djelomične potpore ili potpune zamjene bolesnikove ventilacije. Indicirana je kada bolesnikova spontana ventilacija nije dovoljna za održavanje života ili je prijeko potrebno preuzeti nadzor nad ventilacijom da bi se spriječilo zatajenje drugih organskih sustava. Kontrola ventilacije odvija se putem centralnih i perifernih mehanizama koji su izrazito osjetljivi na promjene. O potrebi uspostave mehaničke ventilacijske potpore treba razmišljati uvijek kada je spontanim disanjem nemoguće postići adekvatnu minutnu ventilaciju. Ventilatori (strojevi za ventilaciju pluća) mogu u potpunosti ili djelomično zamijeniti normalnu ventilaciju pluća. Kombinacija različitih mogućih tipova udisaja i faznih varijabli određuje modalitet, način strojne ventilacije. Komplikacije se mogu podijeliti na posljedice intubacije i na posljedice same ventilacije. U komplikacije mehaničke ventilacije idu pneumotoraks, hipotenzija i ozljeda pluća izazvana ventilatorom. Briga za bolesnika na mehaničkoj ventilaciji obuhvaća širok spektar sestrinskih intervencija povezanih sa radom visoko razvijene, sofisticirane invazivne i neinvazivne medicinske opreme za liječenje i njegu bolesnika na mehaničkoj ventilaciji, kao i efekta planiranih i primijenjenih intervencija.Breathing is exchanging of gases among air and blood in pulmonary vessels. System of respiratory organs has his one assignment – bringing atmosferic air in lung. Mechanical ventilation can be invasive or non invasive. Selection is depending on comprehension of respiration mechanic. Mechanical ventilation is puting in use mechanical machine for partial or full replacement for patient ventilation. It's indicated when patient ventilation is not enough for surviving or it is unnecessary to take supervision of ventilation to prevent failure of other organs. Control of the ventilation is taking place by central or peripheral mechanisms that are very sensible on every modification. Ventilators can replace normal ventilation on partial or full bases. Combination of different types of breathing are determing the modality and mode of machine ventilation. Complications can be divided on aftereffect of intubation or ventilation. There are few complications of mechanical ventilation, like pneumothorax, hypotension and lungs injury from the machine. Health care of patient on mechanical ventilation is a wide range of intervention by nurses, related with highly sofisticated medical equipment. Briga za bolesnika na mehaničkoj ventilaciji obuhvaća širok spektar sestrinskih intervencija povezanih sa radom visoko razvijene, sofisticirane invazivne i neinvazivne medicinske opreme za liječenje i njegu bolesnika na mehaničkoj ventilaciji

The Relation Between Certain Individual Traits and Cyberbullying

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos činjenja vršnjačkog nasilja putem interneta i nekih individualnih obilježja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 584 sudionika u dobi od 15 do 19 godina. Sudionici su putem interneta, odnosno Google online aplikacije za prikupljanje podataka ispunili modificirani Upitnik adolescentskog zdravlja i razvoja (AHDQ; Jessor, Turbin i Costa, 2002) i Upitnik o nasilju preko interneta (UNPI; Šincek, Tomašić Humer i Duvnjak, 2015; Šincek, Duvnjak i Milić, 2017). Pokazalo se da postoje spolne razlike u činjenju vršnjačkog nasilja putem interneta, pri čemu mladići čine više nasilja. Također, pronađena je statistički značajna pozitivna povezanost tolerancije devijantnosti te negativna povezanost percipiranih životnih prilika s činjenjem vršnjačkog nasilja putem interneta. Hijerarhijska regresijska analiza pokazala je kako su spol, dob, tolerancija devijantnosti i percipirane životne prilike značajni prediktori činjenja vršnjačkog nasilja te objašnjavaju ukupno 15% varijance kriterija. Mladići, mlađi sudionici, oni koji imaju višu razinu tolerancije devijantnosti i koji životne prilike percipiraju lošijima, češće čine vršnjačko nasilje putem interneta. Samopoštovanje nije značajno povezano niti je značajan prediktor činjenja vršnjačkog nasilja putem interneta.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cyber-violence and some of the individual characteristics. The study involved 584 participants aged 15 to 19. Participants completed a modified version of the Adolescent Health and Development Questionnaire (AHDQ; Jessor, Turbin, & Costa, 2002), and The Committing and Experiencing Cyber-violence Scale (CECVS; Šincek, Tomašić Humer, & Duvnjak, 2015; Šincek, Duvnjak, & Milić, 2017). Results indicated that there are significant gender differences in committing cyber-violence, with boys being more violent. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between tolerance of deviance and cyber-violence, and negative correlation between perceived life chances and cyber-violence. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis suggest that gender, age, tolerance of deviance and perceived life chances are predictors of committing cyber-violence, and they accounted for 15% of the deviation in the criteria. Boys, younger participants, those who have higher tolerance of deviance, and those with lower perceived life chances, more often commit cyber-violence. Self-esteem was not related with cyber-violence, and it was not a predictor of cyber-violence

The Compositions of Croatian Women

Diplomski rad pod nazivom Hrvatsko žensko skladateljsko pismo sadrži biografije hrvatskih skladateljica i popise njihovih djela. Naglasak je stavljen na njihova skladateljska postignuća i obrazovanje. Budući da su skladateljice poredane prema godinama u kojima su djelovale (i u kojima djeluju), lako je pratiti kako se hrvatsko skladateljsko pismo mijenjalo kroz godine. U radu su predstavljene: Dora Pejačević, Ivana Lang, Sanja Drakulić, Olja Jelaska, Sanda Majurec, Viktorija Čop i Sara Glojnarić. U svim poglavljima prvo je prikazan životopis, zatim nagrade i priznanja, te na kraju popis skladbi

Peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients

Unatoč brojnim prednostima koje nudi PD, postotak bolesnika u završnoj fazi bubrežne bolesti koji koristi ovu metodu opada, prvenstveno zbog najozbiljnije komplikacije ovog oblika terapije, a to je peritonitis. Cilj je ovog rada bilo prikazati demografske osobine pacijenata s peritonitisom povezanim s PD, rizične čimbenike za razvoj bolesti, terapiju i ishod. Ovo retrospektivno istraživanje provedeno je na Zavodu za nefrologiju i dijalizu u KBC-u Sestre milosrdnice u Zagrebu. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaćeno 78 pacijenata na PD u razdoblju od 1. siječnja 2001. godine do 31. prosinca 2013. godine, a podaci su prikupljeni iz povijesti bolesti svih pacijenata na PD iz toga perioda. Od toga broja 60,26% (n=47) pacijenata je imalo peritonitis, a ukupan broj epizoda peritonitisa je bio 94. Udio muškaraca u odnosu na žene bio je 57,45% (n=27) prema 42,55% (n=20). Najčešći je razlog bubrežnog zatajenja bila dijabetička nefropatija (n=15; 31,91%). Od komorbiditeta, najučestalija je bila hipertenzija (n=36; 76,60%). Incidencija peritonitisa iznosila je prosječno 0,41 epizodu/pacijent-godina za cijeli period praćenja. Najviše je pacijenata (n=23; 48,94%) imalo samo 1 epizodu peritonitisa. Od ukupnog broja epizoda, 41,49% (n=39) je bilo prouzročeno G+ mikroorganizmima, 21,28% (n=20) G- mikroorganizmima. Gljive su bile izolirane u 3,19% (n=3) epizoda, a u 6,38% (n=6) epizoda bilo je izolirano više mikroorganizama. U 18,09% (n=17) epizoda, kultura dijalizata je ostala sterilna, a za 9,57% (n=9) nije bilo podataka o izoliranim uzročnicima. Ukupno je izolirano 80 uzročnika, a od toga su većinu činili KNS (n=32; 40,00%) i Escherichia coli (n=10: 12,50%). Prema podrijetlu organizama, koža je bila izvor uzročnika infekcije u 58,82% (n=40) slučajeva, a uzročnici su bili fekalnog podrijetla u 30,88% (n=21) slučajeva. Koristeći samo medikamentnu terapiju izliječeno je ukupno 68,09% (n=64) epizoda peritonitisa, dok je smrtni je ishod nastupio u 8,51% (n=8) epizoda. Peritonitis kao neposredan uzrok smrti navodi se u 37,5% (n=3) slučajeva, a kao ostali razlozi navedeni su sepsa (n=2; 25,00%), kardiopulmonalni arest (n=1; 12,5%) te atrioventrikularna fibrilacija (n=1; 12,5%). Prikazana su i 3 slučaja pacijenata sa sklerozirajućim peritonitisom. Većina je pacijenata u terapiji primila cefazolin, cefuroksim ili ceftazidim kao monoterapiju ili u kombinaciji s drugim antimikrobnim lijekovima u sklopu empirijske terapije. Drugi je režim antibiotika korišten u 26,59% (n=25) epizoda peritonitisa pri čemu je najčešće upotrebljavan vankomicin. U ovom je istraživanju nađeno i da niti spol niti diabetes mellitus u pacijenata na PD nisu statistički značajno povezani s većim rizikom od razvoja peritonitisa ili većeg broja epizoda peritonitisa. Iako se incidencija peritonitisa postupno smanjuje, potrebno je još veće unaprjeđenje preventivnih mjera, a osobitu pažnju treba posvetiti edukaciji pacijenata o pravilnom provođenju PD te održavanju higijene.Despite the numerous advantages offered by the PD, the percentage of patients in the end stage renal disease using this method decreases, mainly because of the most serious complication of this form of therapy, which is peritonitis. The aim of this study was to show the demographic characteristics of patients with PD associated peritonitis, risk factors for developing the disease, treatment and outcome. This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of nephrology and dialysis at Clinical Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice in Zagreb. The study included 78 patients on PD in the period from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2013, and the data were obtained from the medical histories of all patients on PD from that period. Out of the total number of patients, 60.26% (n=47) of patients had peritonitis, and the total number of peritonitis episodes was 94. The share of men compared to the share of women was 57.45% (n=27) to 42.55% (n=20). The most common cause of renal failure was diabetic nephropathy (n=15, 31.91%). The most common comorbidity was hypertension (n=36, 76.60%). The average incidence of peritonitis was 0.41 episodes/patient-year for the entire follow-up period. Most of the patients (n=23, 48.94%) had only one episode of peritonitis. Out of the total number of episodes, 41.49% (n=39) were caused by G+ microorganisms, 21.28% (n=20) by G-organisms. Fungi were isolated in 3.19% (n=3) of episodes, and in 6.38% (n=6) of episodes multiple microorganisms were isolated. In 18.09% (n=17) of episodes, the dialysate culture was sterile, and the data were not obtained in 9.57% (n=9) of episodes. Altogether 80 agents were isolated, of which the majority were CoNS (n=32, 40.00%) and Escherichia coli (n=10: 12.50%). According to the origin of organisms, the skin is a source of zoonotic infection in 58.82% (n=40) of cases, whilst the organisms were of fecal origin in 30.88% (n=21) of cases. A total of 68.09% (n=64) of peritonitis episodes were cured only using the drugs in the therapy, while the death occurred in 8.51% (n=8) of episodes. Peritonitis as the immediate cause of death was stated in 37.5% (n=3) cases, and the other cited reasons were sepsis (n=2; 25.00%), cardiopulmonary arrest (n=1, 12.5%) and atrioventricular fibrillation (n=1, 12.5%). The three patients with sclerosing peritonitis were described. Most of the patients were treated with cefazolin, cefuroxime or ceftazidime as monotherapy or in combination with other antimicrobial drugs within the empirical therapy. The second regime of antibiotics was used in 26.59% (n=25) of peritonitis episodes and vancomycin was mostly administrated. In this study it was found that neither gender nor diabetes mellitus in patients on PD are associated with a statistically higher risk of developing peritonitis or a larger number peritonitis episodes. Despite the fact that the incidence of peritonitis is gradually decreasing, preventive measures still need to be improved, and particular attention should be devoted to educating patients on the proper implementation of PD and hygiene

Hilbertov prostor

U ovom diplomskom radu, u prvom poglavlju objasnili smo neke osnovne činjenice vezane uz vektorski i metrički prostor. Proučili smo konvergentne nizove i redove. U drugom poglavlju definirali smo Hilbertov prostor te povezujući elementarna svojstva iz prvog poglavlja ispitali smo od kakvih nizova se on sastoji. Dokazali smo da je Hilbertov prostor potprostor vektorskog prostora, da je separabilan i potpun te smo dokazali da je strogo konveksan bez grananja.In this thesis in the first chapter, we explained some basic facts related to the vector and metric spaces. We also examined convergent sequences and series. In the second chapter we defined the Hilbert space and linking the basic properties of the first chapter we examined from which series he is composed. We proved that the Hilbert space is a subspace of vector space, that is separable and complete, and we also proved that it is strongly convex without ramifications