Biomarkers, intravascular ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy in the assessment of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque

Využití biomarkerů a intravaskulárních zobrazovacích metod k hodnocení změny aterosklerotického plátu po endovaskulárních intervencích Abstrakt Práce se zabývá patofyziologií vulnerabilního aterosklerotického plátu, jeho detekcí ve stenóze arteria carotis interna (ACI) pomocí zobrazovacích metod a optimalizací karotického stentingu (CAS) využitím intravaskulárního ultrazvuku (IVUS) a infračervené spektroskopie (NIRS). NIRS hodnotí vulnerabilitu detekcí lipidového jádra plátu (LRP). Prokázali jsme bezpečnost NIRS-IVUS vyšetření během CAS. LRP jsme detekovali u třetiny stenóz ACI před CAS, lipidový signál stenózy nekoreloval s morfologií (IVUS), biomarkery ani klinickými parametry. CAS vedl k signifikantnímu poklesu lipidového signálu. Zjistili jsme, že angiografie nadhodnocuje stenózu ACI a značně podhodnocuje reziduální stenózu po CAS v porovnání s IVUS. Nepodařilo se prokázat, že by přítomnost LRP měla vliv na akutní neurologické komplikace CAS nebo byla asociována s dlouhodobě zvýšeným kardiovaskulárním rizikem. IVUS identifikoval parametry asociované s rozvojem restenózy nebo okluze stentu. Při kontrolním NIRS-IVUS vyšetření (medián 31 měsíců) byla zjištěna pokračující expanze stentů, difusní nástěnná neointimální hyperplazie a pokles lipidového signálu. Předpokládáme, že hojení stentu navozuje...Biomarkers, Intravascular Ultrasound and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Assessment of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque Abstract The thesis describes pathophysiology of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, detection of the vulnerable plaque in the stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and optimalization of carotid stenting (CAS) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. NIRS detects lipid core of the vulnerable lipid rich plaque (LRP). We demonstrated safety of NIRS-IVUS imaging during CAS. LRP was detected in one third of ICAs before CAS. Lipid signal was not correlated with plaque morphology (IVUS), biomarkers or clinical variables. CAS caused significant decrease of the lipid signal. Angiography overestimated severity of stenosis of the ICA and vastly underestimated residual stenosis after CAS. Presence of the LRP in the stenosis was neither associated with periprocedural neurological complications of CAS nor long-term adverse cardiovascular events. IVUS identified planimetric features associated with long-term restenosis or stent occlusion. After a median follow-up of 31 months, repeated NIRS-IVUS of the implanted stents showed significant expansion of the stents, diffuse neointimal hyperplasia and further reduction of the lipid signal. We assume,...Kardiologická klinikaDepartment of Cardiology2. lékařská fakultaSecond Faculty of Medicin

Comparative effectiveness of initial computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease: multicentre randomised trial

To assess the comparative effectiveness of computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain suspected to be caused by coronary artery disease

Biomarkers, intravascular ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy in the assessment of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque

Biomarkers, Intravascular Ultrasound and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Assessment of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque Abstract The thesis describes pathophysiology of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, detection of the vulnerable plaque in the stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and optimalization of carotid stenting (CAS) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. NIRS detects lipid core of the vulnerable lipid rich plaque (LRP). We demonstrated safety of NIRS-IVUS imaging during CAS. LRP was detected in one third of ICAs before CAS. Lipid signal was not correlated with plaque morphology (IVUS), biomarkers or clinical variables. CAS caused significant decrease of the lipid signal. Angiography overestimated severity of stenosis of the ICA and vastly underestimated residual stenosis after CAS. Presence of the LRP in the stenosis was neither associated with periprocedural neurological complications of CAS nor long-term adverse cardiovascular events. IVUS identified planimetric features associated with long-term restenosis or stent occlusion. After a median follow-up of 31 months, repeated NIRS-IVUS of the implanted stents showed significant expansion of the stents, diffuse neointimal hyperplasia and further reduction of the lipid signal. We assume,..

WITHDRAWN: Near-infrared spectroscopy characterization of internal carotid artery restenosis after endarterectomy

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Comparative effectiveness of initial computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease:Multicentre randomised trial

Objective: To assess the comparative effectiveness of computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain suspected to be caused by coronary artery disease. Design: Prospective, multicentre, randomised pragmatic trial. Setting: Hospitals at 26 sites in 16 European countries. Participants: 2002 (56.2%) women and 1559 (43.8%) men (total of 3561 patients) with suspected coronary artery disease referred for invasive coronary angiography on the basis of stable chest pain and a pre-test probability of obstructive coronary artery disease of 10-60%. Intervention: Both women and men were randomised 1:1 (with stratification by gender and centre) to a strategy of either computed tomography or invasive coronary angiography as the initial diagnostic test (1019 and 983 women, and 789 and 770 men, respectively), and an intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Randomised allocation could not be blinded, but outcomes were assessed by investigators blinded to randomisation group. Main outcome measures: The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke). Key secondary endpoints were an expanded MACE composite (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or major procedure related complication) and major procedure related complications. Results: Follow-up at a median of 3.5 years was available in 98.9% (1979/2002) of women and in 99.0% (1544/1559) of men. No statistically significant gender interaction was found for MACE (P=0.29), the expanded MACE composite (P=0.45), or major procedure related complications (P=0.11). In both genders, the rate of MACE did not differ between the computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography groups. In men, the expanded MACE composite endpoint occurred less frequently in the computed tomography group than in the invasive coronary angiography group (22 (2.8%) v 41 (5.3%); hazard ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.87). In women, the risk of having a major procedure related complication was lower in the computed tomography group than in the invasive coronary angiography group (3 (0.3%) v 21 (2.1%); hazard ratio 0.14, 0.04 to 0.46). Conclusion: This study found no evidence for a difference between women and men in the benefit of using computed tomography rather than invasive coronary angiography as the initial diagnostic test for the management of stable chest pain in patients with an intermediate pre-test probability of coronary artery disease. An initial computed tomography scan was associated with fewer major procedure related complications in women and a lower frequency of the expanded MACE composite in men. Trial registration: NCT02400229ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02400229.</p

Correction to: Pilot study of the multicentre DISCHARGE trial: image quality and protocol adherence results of computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography

Objective: To implement detailed EU cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) quality criteria in the multicentre DISCHARGE trial (FP72007-2013, EC-GA 603266), we reviewed image quality and adherence to CCTA protocol and to the recommendations of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in a pilot study. Materials and methods: From every clinical centre, imaging datasets of three patients per arm were assessed for adherence to the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the pilot study, predefined standards for the CCTA protocol and ICA recommendations, image quality and non-diagnostic (NDX) rate. These parameters were compared via multinomial regression and ANOVA. If a site did not reach the minimum quality level, additional datasets had to be sent before entering into the final accepted database (FADB). Results: We analysed 226 cases (150 CCTA/76 ICA). The inclusion/exclusion criteria were not met by 6 of the 226 (2.7%) datasets. The predefined standard was not met by 13 of 76 ICA datasets (17.1%). This percentage decreased between the initial CCTA database and the FADB (multinomial regression, 53 of 70 vs 17 of 75 [76%] vs [23%]). The signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio of the FADB did not improve significantly (ANOVA, p = 0.20; p = 0.09). The CTA NDX rate was reduced, but not significantly (initial CCTA database 15 of 70 [21.4%]) and FADB 9 of 75 [12%]; p = 0.13). Conclusion: We were able to increase conformity to the inclusion/exclusion criteria and CCTA protocol, improve image quality and decrease the CCTA NDX rate by implementing EU CCTA quality criteria and ICA recommendations. Key Points: • Failure to meet protocol adherence in cardiac CTA was high in the pilot study (77.6%). • Image quality varies between sites and can be improved by feedback given by the core lab. • Conformance with new EU cardiac CT quality criteria might render cardiac CTA findings more consistent and comparable.</p

CT or invasive coronary angiography in stable chest pain

Background: In the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), computed tomography (CT) is an accurate, noninvasive alternative to invasive coronary angiography (ICA). However, the comparative effectiveness of CT and ICA in the management of CAD to reduce the frequency of major adverse cardiovascular events is uncertain. Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, randomized trial comparing CT with ICA as initial diagnostic imaging strategies for guiding the treatment of patients with stable chest pain who had an intermediate pretest probability of obstructive CAD and were referred for ICA at one of 26 European centers. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) over 3.5 years. Key secondary outcomes were procedure-related complications and angina pectoris. Results: Among 3561 patients (56.2% of whom were women), follow-up was complete for 3523 (98.9%). Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 38 of 1808 patients (2.1%) in the CT group and in 52 of 1753 (3.0%) in the ICA group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 1.07; P=0.10). Major procedure-related complications occurred in 9 patients (0.5%) in the CT group and in 33 (1.9%) in the ICA group (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.55). Angina during the final 4 weeks of follow-up was reported in 8.8% of the patients in the CT group and in 7.5% of those in the ICA group (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.48). Conclusions: Among patients referred for ICA because of stable chest pain and intermediate pretest probability of CAD, the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events was similar in the CT group and the ICA group. The frequency of major procedure-related complications was lower with an initial CT strategy. (Funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program and others; DISCHARGE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02400229

Age and computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in stable chest pain: a prespecified secondary analysis of the discharge randomized clinical trial

Importance: The effectiveness and safety of computed tomography (CT) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in different age groups is unknown. Objective: To determine the association of age with outcomes of CT and ICA in patients with stable chest pain. Design, Setting, and Participants: The assessor-blinded Diagnostic Imaging Strategies for Patients With Stable Chest Pain and Intermediate Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (DISCHARGE) randomized clinical trial was conducted between October 2015 and April 2019 in 26 European centers. Patients referred for ICA with stable chest pain and an intermediate probability of obstructive coronary artery disease were analyzed in an intention-to-treat analysis. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to January 2023. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to a CT-first strategy or a direct-to-ICA strategy. Main Outcomes and Measures: MACE (ie, cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke) and major procedure-related complications. The primary prespecified outcome of this secondary analysis of age was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at a median follow-up of 3.5 years. Results: Among 3561 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.1 [10.1] years; 2002 female [56.2%]), 2360 (66.3%) were younger than 65 years, 982 (27.6%) were between ages 65 to 75 years, and 219 (6.1%) were older than 75 years. The primary outcome was MACE at a median (IQR) follow-up of 3.5 (2.9-4.2) years for 3523 patients (99%). Modeling age as a continuous variable, age, and randomization group were not associated with MACE (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.07; P for interaction = .31). Age and randomization group were associated with major procedure-related complications (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.27; P for interaction = .005), which were lower in younger patients. Conclusions and Relevance: Age did not modify the effect of randomization group on the primary outcome of MACE but did modify the effect on major procedure-related complications. Results suggest that CT was associated with a lower risk of major procedure-related complications in younger patients