Bankruptcy, imminent bankruptcy and coverage gap

Bankruptcy, imminent bankruptcy and coverage gap Abstract In the presented diploma thesis, I deal with the main institutions of insolvency law, which are bankruptcy and imminent bankruptcy. There are two forms or reasons for bankruptcy, namely insolvency or over-indebtedness. I tried to explain the imminent bankruptcy on the basis of a brief legal provision with the help of the literature I used. In my thesis, I emphasize the legislator's efforts regarding the newly adopted legislation for the benefit of active and honest potential debtors. I mentioned the newly adopted norm of the preventive restructuring act. The above forms of bankruptcy can be detected by bankruptcy tests. In the case of insolvency, it is a liquidity test, and in the case of over-indebtedness, a balance sheet test. Insolvency and over-indebtedness have a common condition in the form of at least two known creditors of the debtor. In other aspects, it differs in persons, where over-indebtedness is determined only in the case of an entrepreneur. Another difference is the different inclusion of payable or non-payable liabilities when determining bankruptcy. In my thesis, I present ways of solving bankruptcy, which are either liquidation or rehabilitation. The first-mentioned way is represented by a bankruptcy declaration, and the..

Political cycle, the median voter theorem and rational ignorance from the point of view of public choice theory

Předkládaná práce se zabývá teorií veřejné volby a její následnou školou veřejné volby. Popisován a analyzován je politický cyklus, efekt racionální ignorance voliče a volič středový. Vybrané složky teorie jsou dále rozpracovány na hospodářský cyklus, fiskální politiku vlády, fáze a modely politického cyklu. Je zkoumána státní správa, zájmové skupiny a jejich sledované parciální zájmy. V souvislosti se středovým voličem jsou řešeny volební systémy podle zásady většinového nebo poměrného zastoupení. Závěrečná případová studie se zabývá důchodovou reformou a pokusy o její realizaci v novodobé historii ČR. Uvádí návrhy komisí, následnou případnou realizaci či nerealizaci vládními stranami, nevyhýbá se současnému dění ohledně neadekvátních valorizací penzí i jistému odporu ke změnám a neúnosnost financování systému.ObhájenoThe aim of this thesis is the theory of public choice and its subsequent public choice school. The political cycle, the effect of the voter's rational ignorance and the median voter are described and analyzed. Selected components of the theory are further elaborated on the economic cycle, the fiscal policy of the government within the given political cycle. The phases and models of the political cycle are also presented. State administration and its connection to politicians, interest groups and their pursued partial interests are examined. Electoral systems based on the principle of majority or proportional representation are solved in connection with the median voter. The final case study deals with the pension reform and attempts to implement it in the modern history of the Czech Republic. The study presents the proposals of the commissions, the subsequent possible implementation or non-implementation by the government parties, it does not avoid the current events regarding the valorization of pensions as well as a certain resistance to changes and the intolerableness of financing the pension syste

Political cycle, the median voter theorem and rational ignorance from the point of view of public choice theory

Předkládaná práce se zabývá teorií veřejné volby a její následnou školou veřejné volby. Popisován a analyzován je politický cyklus, efekt racionální ignorance voliče a volič středový. Vybrané složky teorie jsou dále rozpracovány na hospodářský cyklus, fiskální politiku vlády, fáze a modely politického cyklu. Je zkoumána státní správa, zájmové skupiny a jejich sledované parciální zájmy. V souvislosti se středovým voličem jsou řešeny volební systémy podle zásady většinového nebo poměrného zastoupení. Závěrečná případová studie se zabývá důchodovou reformou a pokusy o její realizaci v novodobé historii ČR. Uvádí návrhy komisí, následnou případnou realizaci či nerealizaci vládními stranami, nevyhýbá se současnému dění ohledně neadekvátních valorizací penzí i jistému odporu ke změnám a neúnosnost financování systému.ObhájenoThe aim of this thesis is the theory of public choice and its subsequent public choice school. The political cycle, the effect of the voter's rational ignorance and the median voter are described and analyzed. Selected components of the theory are further elaborated on the economic cycle, the fiscal policy of the government within the given political cycle. The phases and models of the political cycle are also presented. State administration and its connection to politicians, interest groups and their pursued partial interests are examined. Electoral systems based on the principle of majority or proportional representation are solved in connection with the median voter. The final case study deals with the pension reform and attempts to implement it in the modern history of the Czech Republic. The study presents the proposals of the commissions, the subsequent possible implementation or non-implementation by the government parties, it does not avoid the current events regarding the valorization of pensions as well as a certain resistance to changes and the intolerableness of financing the pension syste

Cloning and molecular analyses of hop transcription factors

Expression of hop chs_H1 and other hop chalcone synthase (CHS)-like enzymes was assayed in developing pollen tissue. Both, chs_H1 and valerophenone synthase (vps) are highly expressed in pollen suggesting the existence of common specific regulatory element(s). While vps is highly specific for female and male floral organs, the oligofamily of chs_H1 is expressed in both generative and somatic tissues, suggesting a more universal promoter. To identify novel transcription factors involved in the regulation of chs_H1 genes in lupulin glands, cone-specific ESTs showing homology to bZIP and bHLH were utilized to screen hop cDNA and genomic libraries. Additionally, inverse PCR was used to amplify full length cDNAs of members of two bZIP oligofamilies from hop. Transcription factors H/bZIP1A and H/bZIP2 have predicted molecular masses of 27.4 and 34.2 kDa, respectively. While H/bZIP1A is rather neutral (pI 6.42), H/bZIP2 is strongly basic (pI 8.51). A truncated variant of H/bZIP1 (H/bZIP1B) that is strongly basic but lacks the zipper domain was also cloned from hop. Additionally, the first bHLH transcription factor was cloned from hop. H/bHLH1 is a protein of 33.6 kDa with a predicted pI of 6.08. Based on semiquantitative RT PCR results, this TF is expressed specifically in hop floral and cone tissue. The combinatorial action of H/bZIP2 and other hop TFs that have been cloned, especially H/Myb1 and 3 were analyzed in P. hybrida and N. benthamiana transient expression systems. TF H/bZIP2, as well as both Myb TFs, were found as activators of chs_H1 promoter. In the combinatorial system, H/bZIP2 was found to modulate expression of H/Myb1 and H/Myb3 Trs from hop