Multikulturní výchova ve vztahu k sociálně vyloučeným skupinám (romům)

The theme of this article is Multicultural Education and its role and help for social excluded people, especially children. Social exclusion is a serious problem in Europe and other countries. Education is the help what can help fight against social exclusion

Cellular processes in twining plants and tendrils

This work focuses on the twining of stems and tendrils of vines and the underlying cellular processes involved. Vines, comprising a diverse group, require support for their growth and are known as "climbers." Successful coiling depends on the contact between the plant and the support, this contact is facilitated by movements such as skototropism and circumnutation. Once in contact with the support, coiling occurs. Specialized G-fiber cells appear to play a crucial role in the coiling process. Additionally, microtubules and cellulose microfibrils are extensively studied in the context of helical growth. Although the complete picture of cellular signaling during coiling remains elusive, numerous chemical substances influencing coiling have been identified, including jasmonates and other plant hormones. Many significant plants fall into the category of climbing plants, yet much remains unknown about their coiling mechanisms.Tato práce se zabývá ovíjením pomocí stonků a úponků a buněčnými procesy, které se při něm uplatňují. Rostliny, které ke svému růstu potřebují oporu, se nazývají popínavé a jedná se o velmi rozmanitou skupinu. Pro úspěšné ovinutí je důležité, aby došlo ke kontaktu rostliny a opory. To umožňují mimo jiné pohyby zvané skototropismus a cirkumnutace. Po kontaktu s oporou dochází k ovíjení. Důležitou roli při ovíjení hrají zřejmě specializované buňky G-fibers. V souvislosti s helikálním růstem obecně jsou intenzivně studovány také mikrotubuly a celulózní mikrofibrily. Kompletní obraz buněčné signalizace při ovíjení zatím není znám, je ale popsáno mnoho chemických látek, které ovíjení ovlivňují, například jasmonáty a další rostlinné hormony. Mezi popínavé rostliny se řadí mnoho významných plodin, přesto toho o jejich ovíjení stále mnoho nevíme.Katedra experimentální biologie rostlinDepartment of Experimental Plant BiologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Biochar Alone Did Not Increase Microbial Activity in Soils from a Temperate Climate That Had Long-Term Acidity Stress

Biochar can increase the microbial activity of a soil and the seed yield of oilseed rape. We performed a field experiment to determine the effect of different doses of biochar and the impact of nutrient additions on microbial activity in soils with low pH (4.69). Different doses of biochar were applied to plots in 2016 (0 t/ha (control), 15 t/ha (B15), 30 t/ha (B30), or 45 t/ha (B45)), and fertilization was applied during 2019 (90 kg P/ha) and 2020 (50 kg N/ha, 80 kg P/ha, and 50 kg K/ha). Maize was grown in 2016, barley in 2017, maize in 2018, wheat in 2019, and winter oilseed rape in 2020. All analyses were carried out in 2020. Higher biochar doses led to reduced seed yield of oilseed rape and inhibition of microbial activity (cumulative soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and leaching of mineral forms of nitrogen). Notably, dehydrogenase activity was more than 60% lower in plots with the highest biochar dose. All doses of biochar increased the soil pH compared to the control (control: 4.51 +- 0.04, B15: 4.69 +- 0.04, B30: 5.06 +- 0.05, B45: 5.05 +- 0.04) but did not increase microbial activity or the seed yield of oilseed rape. Thus, application of biochar alone did not increase the seed yield of oilseed rape or soil microbial activities, although it did increase soil pH.O

Effect of Biochar Application Rate on Physical and Hydro-physical Properties of A Dystric Cambisol

The field trial evaluating the effect of biochar on physical and hydro-physical properties of a Dystric Cambisol was carried out at the Research Grassland Station Vatín. The observed variants of the biochar experiment were as follows: 1) the control without biochar, 2) the biochar rate of 15 t/ha applied to the topsoil, 3) the biochar rate of 30 t/ha applied to the topsoil and 4) the biochar rate of 45 t/ha applied to the topsoil. It was found out that even the highest rate of biochar 45 t/ha did not affect saturated hydraulic conductivity of the topsoil at the depth of 0.05-0.20 m. When monitoring bulk density, it was confirmed that the biochar rate of 45 t/ha significantly reduced bulk density from 1218 kg/m3 to 1169 kg/m3. In the crop rotation without manure and clover growing the application of biochar at the rate of 45 t/ha resulted in the relevant decline in the average value of bulk density from 1197 kg/m3 to 1138 kg/m3. In the Norfolk crop rotation there were the inconclusive differences in bulk density. The rate of 45 t/ha had a highly noticeable impact on porosity. It increased from 53.75% (0 t/ha) to 55.60%. The biochar doses did not affect the value of field capacity. The application of biochar at the rate of 45 t/ha caused the significant increase in the average value of aeration from 31.90% to 34.45%.O

Use of diagnostic material in the field of reader preliteracy in children with special educational needs

The bachelor thesis focuses on the use of worksheets as a diagnostic material in the framework of reading literacy in children with special educational needs. The aim of the work is to determine the success and suitability of these worksheets in the group of children with diagnosed developmental dysphasia and groups of children with diagnosed developmental dysphasia and associated ADHD. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the theoretical background regarding the concept of reader literacy and its anchoring in the frame curriculum. It also deals with the roles and possibilities of developing perceptually motor and cognitive processes within the reader's pre-school education in pre-school education. The attention of the theoretical part is also focused on the personality of a pre-school child with special educational needs, the issue of children with disturbances of attention of ADHD and children with impaired communication ability. At the end of the theoretical part are presented the basic concepts of pedagogical diagnostics, its conception in the frame curriculum for pre-school age and the possibilities of this diagnostics in kindergartens. In the practical part, the research questions related to the topic are set and a qualitative survey of ten pre-school children with special educational needs is carried out. Diagnostic material (worksheets) has been developed within this survey. These diagnostic sheets are then evaluated for success and are monitored for any pitfalls when working with them. In conclusion, the research questions are answered, and an overall summary of this research is carried out

Migration within the European Union

Institut ekonomických studiíInstitute of Economic StudiesFakulta sociálních vědFaculty of Social Science

Macroeconomic stress-testing of banking systems: survey of methodologies and empirical application

This thesis deals with stress testing as a process that helps to assess the impact of potential adverse shocks on the soundness of a financial system. First section is dedicated to non-technical discussion about stress testing and to some methodological issues. The main focus lies on the system-wide macroeconomic stress testing. The empirical part of the thesis is a contribution to macroprudential analysis of the quality of the aggregate loan portfolio in the Czech Republic. This study adopts a vector autoregression model applied to the Czech banking sector in order to judge its stability and present some evidence on macroeconomic variables affecting the Czech banking system. As a measure of the strength of the loan portfolio is used the stock of non-performing loans vis-à-vis total loans in the sector. The thesis follows the widely used methodology and seeks to identify significant macroeconomic risk factors affecting the loan portfolio quality. The latter part aims also to forecast the most likely development of the loan portfolio

Cellular processes in twining plants and tendrils

This work focuses on the twining of stems and tendrils of vines and the underlying cellular processes involved. Vines, comprising a diverse group, require support for their growth and are known as "climbers." Successful coiling depends on the contact between the plant and the support, this contact is facilitated by movements such as skototropism and circumnutation. Once in contact with the support, coiling occurs. Specialized G-fiber cells appear to play a crucial role in the coiling process. Additionally, microtubules and cellulose microfibrils are extensively studied in the context of helical growth. Although the complete picture of cellular signaling during coiling remains elusive, numerous chemical substances influencing coiling have been identified, including jasmonates and other plant hormones. Many significant plants fall into the category of climbing plants, yet much remains unknown about their coiling mechanisms

Macroeconomic stress-testing of banking systems: survey of methodologies and empirical application

This thesis deals with stress testing as a process that helps to assess the impact of potential adverse shocks on the soundness of a financial system. First section is dedicated to non-technical discussion about stress testing and to some methodological issues. The main focus lies on the system-wide macroeconomic stress testing. The empirical part of the thesis is a contribution to macroprudential analysis of the quality of the aggregate loan portfolio in the Czech Republic. This study adopts a vector autoregression model applied to the Czech banking sector in order to judge its stability and present some evidence on macroeconomic variables affecting the Czech banking system. As a measure of the strength of the loan portfolio is used the stock of non-performing loans vis-à-vis total loans in the sector. The thesis follows the widely used methodology and seeks to identify significant macroeconomic risk factors affecting the loan portfolio quality. The latter part aims also to forecast the most likely development of the loan portfolio