Simulation of production and analysis of the olive pomace leachate : bachelor thesis

U ovom radu je provedeno simulirano dobivanje procjedne vode komine masline koja je nastala kao nusproizvod korištenjem 3-faznog sustava proizvodnje maslinovog ulja. Nadalje, u dobivenoj procjednoj vodi analizirani su fizikalno-kemijski pokazatelji kakvoće vode. Dobivene vrijednosti KPK (2448 mg O 2 /L) i BPK 5 (725 mg O 2 /L) znatno premašuju maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije, pH vrijednost je niža od dopuštene a jedino je koncentracija dušika manja od one propisane Pravilnikom. Odnos KPK/BPK 5 je manji od 2 što ukazuje da je nastala procjedna voda biološki razgradljiva. Prema parametrima određenim u dobivenoj procjednoj vodi komine masline, vidljivo je da ona nije pogodna za ispust u sustav javne odvodnje i u površinske vode što znači da je nužna njena obrada. U ovom radu procjedna voda komine masline obrađena je propuhivanjem, nakon čega je provedena flokulacija odnosno adsorpcija aktivnim ugljenom. Primjenom postupka propuhivanja i flokulacije najbolja učinkovitost se postiže dodatkom flokulansa koncentracije 10 mmol/L. Primjenom propuhivanja i adsorpcije aktivnim ugljenom utvrđeno je da se najbolja učinkovitost postiže dodatkom 5g aktivnog ugljena na 100 mL procjedne vode komine masline, čime je postignuta vrijednost KPK od 495 mg O 2 /L niža od maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije za ispust u sustav javne odvodnje. Rezultati pokazuju mogućnost korištenja postupka propuhivanja i adsorpcije aktivnim ugljenom za pročišćavanje procjedne vode komine masline.A production of the olive pomace leachate as a by-product of the 3-phase system production of the olive oil has been simulated. In the leachate are analysed COD (2448 mg O 2 /L) and BOD 5 (725 mg O 2 /L) and values are over maximum allowable concentrations prescribed by Croatian law for discharge into sewage systems. pH value is lower than allowed, which means that treatment of olive pomace leachate is necessary. Concentration of nitrogen is the only one that is lower than the maximum allowable concentration. Ratio of COD/BOD 5 is lower than 2, indicating biodegradability of these wastewaters. Treatment by aeration and flocculation has shown the most effectiveness by addition of flocculant in concentration of 10 mmol/L. Application of aeration and absorption by active carbon has shown the best decrease of COD with addition of 5g of active carbon on 100 mL of the leachate and achieved value of COD is 495 mg O 2 /L. It is lower than maximum allowable concentration for release in public sewage system. Results show the possibility by using aeration and absorption of active carbon for purification of the olive pomace leachate

Simulation of production and analysis of the olive pomace leachate : bachelor thesis

U ovom radu je provedeno simulirano dobivanje procjedne vode komine masline koja je nastala kao nusproizvod korištenjem 3-faznog sustava proizvodnje maslinovog ulja. Nadalje, u dobivenoj procjednoj vodi analizirani su fizikalno-kemijski pokazatelji kakvoće vode. Dobivene vrijednosti KPK (2448 mg O 2 /L) i BPK 5 (725 mg O 2 /L) znatno premašuju maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije, pH vrijednost je niža od dopuštene a jedino je koncentracija dušika manja od one propisane Pravilnikom. Odnos KPK/BPK 5 je manji od 2 što ukazuje da je nastala procjedna voda biološki razgradljiva. Prema parametrima određenim u dobivenoj procjednoj vodi komine masline, vidljivo je da ona nije pogodna za ispust u sustav javne odvodnje i u površinske vode što znači da je nužna njena obrada. U ovom radu procjedna voda komine masline obrađena je propuhivanjem, nakon čega je provedena flokulacija odnosno adsorpcija aktivnim ugljenom. Primjenom postupka propuhivanja i flokulacije najbolja učinkovitost se postiže dodatkom flokulansa koncentracije 10 mmol/L. Primjenom propuhivanja i adsorpcije aktivnim ugljenom utvrđeno je da se najbolja učinkovitost postiže dodatkom 5g aktivnog ugljena na 100 mL procjedne vode komine masline, čime je postignuta vrijednost KPK od 495 mg O 2 /L niža od maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije za ispust u sustav javne odvodnje. Rezultati pokazuju mogućnost korištenja postupka propuhivanja i adsorpcije aktivnim ugljenom za pročišćavanje procjedne vode komine masline.A production of the olive pomace leachate as a by-product of the 3-phase system production of the olive oil has been simulated. In the leachate are analysed COD (2448 mg O 2 /L) and BOD 5 (725 mg O 2 /L) and values are over maximum allowable concentrations prescribed by Croatian law for discharge into sewage systems. pH value is lower than allowed, which means that treatment of olive pomace leachate is necessary. Concentration of nitrogen is the only one that is lower than the maximum allowable concentration. Ratio of COD/BOD 5 is lower than 2, indicating biodegradability of these wastewaters. Treatment by aeration and flocculation has shown the most effectiveness by addition of flocculant in concentration of 10 mmol/L. Application of aeration and absorption by active carbon has shown the best decrease of COD with addition of 5g of active carbon on 100 mL of the leachate and achieved value of COD is 495 mg O 2 /L. It is lower than maximum allowable concentration for release in public sewage system. Results show the possibility by using aeration and absorption of active carbon for purification of the olive pomace leachate

Effect of cooling rate on crystal growth of borax during sonocrystallization : master thesis

U ovom radu ispitivano je kako brzina hlađenja matične otopine utječe na rast kristala dinatrijevog tetraborat dekahidrata (boraksa) tijekom sonokristalizacije. Ispitivanja su se provodila u šaržnom kristalizatoru laboratorijskog mjerila s pregradama i radijalnim turbinskim miješalom čija je brzina vrtnje bila jednaka potrebnoj za postizanje stanja potpune suspenzije kristala (N JS = 324 o min -1 ). Ultrazvučno djelovanje na otopinu provodilo se pomoću homogenizatora, frekvencije 24 kHz i snage 400 W, kontinuirano pri 20 % amplitudi. Kristalizacija se provodila iz matične otopine zasićene pri 30 °C hlađenjem do temperature od 10 °C pri brzinama od 4, 6, 8, 10 °C h -1 . Kako bi se dobio uvid u utjecaj ultrazvuka na navedeni proces također se provodila i kristalizacija bez njegovog djelovanja pri istovjetnim procesnim uvjetima (N JS = 324 o min -1 , T z = 30 °C) i brzini hlađenja od 6 °C h -1 . Tijekom eksperimenta, nakon nuleacije, provodila se analiza kristala u matičnoj otopini metodom laserske difrakcije te se istodobno određivala i koncentracija matične otopine refraktometrijskom metodom. Iz rezultata provedenih analiza sagledane su promjene raspodjele veličina kristala, srednjeg volumnog promjera kristala i njegove standardne devijacije te specifične površine kristala tijekom procesnog vremena pri svim ispitivanim uvjetima. Produkti kristalizacije pri navedenim procesnim uvjetima su također podvrgnuti granulometrijskoj analizi prosijavanjem te je analiziran i njihov oblik. Za sve ispitivane uvjete određen je i utrošak snage privedene sustavu tijekom miješanja i ultrazvučnog djelovanja. Iz rezultata je uočeno da se u procesu sonokristalizacije bez obzira na brzinu hlađenja matične otopine svojstva kristala ne mijenjaju bitno s obzirom na raspodjelu veličina i njihovu srednju veličinu. Najveći utjecaj brzine hlađenja odrazio se na promjenu specifične površine kristala koja je pak posljedica sekundarne nukleacije u sustavu. S druge strane, kad se usporede rezultati provedenih analiza u sustavima sa ultrazvukom sa sustavom bez ultrazvuka može se zaključiti da utjecaj ultrazvučnog djelovanja na svojstva kristala značajno nadmašuje utjecaj brzine hlađenja.In this work, the influence of the cooling rate of the mother liquor on the growth of crystals of disodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) during sonocrystallization was studied. The test was carried out in a batch laboratory crystallizer equipped with a radial turbine with four blades whose rotation speed was equal to that required to achieve a state of complete crystal suspension (N JS = 324 rpm). Ultrasonic irradiation of the solution was carried out with a homogenizer with a frequency of 24 kHz and a power of 400 W, continuously at 20% of the amplitude. Crystallization was carried out from a mother liquor saturated at 30 °C by cooling to a temperature of 10 °C at rates of 4, 6, 8, 10 °C h -1 . In order to gain insight into the influence of ultrasound on the process, crystallization was performed without ultrasound, under the same process conditions (N JS = 324 rpm, Tz = 30 °C) at a cooling rate of 6 °C h -1 . During the experiment, after nucleation, crystals in the mother liquor were analyzed by laser diffraction method and at the same time, concentration of the mother liquor was determined using the refractometric method. Changes were observed in crystal size distribution, mean volume diameter of the crystals and its standard deviation, as well as the specific surface area of the crystals during process time. The obtained products were subjected to sieve analysis, and the shape of the crystals was also analyzed. For all investigated process conditions, the power supplied to the systems by mixing and ultrasonic radiation was determined. From the results, it was observed that during the sonocrystallization process, regardless of the cooling rate of the mother liquor, the properties of the crystals do not change significantly with regard to the size distribution and their average size. The greatest influence of the cooling rate was reflected on the change in the crystal specific surface area, which is a consequence of secondary nucleation in the systems. On the other hand, comparing the results obtained in systems with and without ultrasound, it can be concluded that the influence of ultrasound on crystal properties significantly exceeds the influence of the cooling rate

Effect of cooling rate on crystal growth of borax during sonocrystallization : master thesis

U ovom radu ispitivano je kako brzina hlađenja matične otopine utječe na rast kristala dinatrijevog tetraborat dekahidrata (boraksa) tijekom sonokristalizacije. Ispitivanja su se provodila u šaržnom kristalizatoru laboratorijskog mjerila s pregradama i radijalnim turbinskim miješalom čija je brzina vrtnje bila jednaka potrebnoj za postizanje stanja potpune suspenzije kristala (N JS = 324 o min -1 ). Ultrazvučno djelovanje na otopinu provodilo se pomoću homogenizatora, frekvencije 24 kHz i snage 400 W, kontinuirano pri 20 % amplitudi. Kristalizacija se provodila iz matične otopine zasićene pri 30 °C hlađenjem do temperature od 10 °C pri brzinama od 4, 6, 8, 10 °C h -1 . Kako bi se dobio uvid u utjecaj ultrazvuka na navedeni proces također se provodila i kristalizacija bez njegovog djelovanja pri istovjetnim procesnim uvjetima (N JS = 324 o min -1 , T z = 30 °C) i brzini hlađenja od 6 °C h -1 . Tijekom eksperimenta, nakon nuleacije, provodila se analiza kristala u matičnoj otopini metodom laserske difrakcije te se istodobno određivala i koncentracija matične otopine refraktometrijskom metodom. Iz rezultata provedenih analiza sagledane su promjene raspodjele veličina kristala, srednjeg volumnog promjera kristala i njegove standardne devijacije te specifične površine kristala tijekom procesnog vremena pri svim ispitivanim uvjetima. Produkti kristalizacije pri navedenim procesnim uvjetima su također podvrgnuti granulometrijskoj analizi prosijavanjem te je analiziran i njihov oblik. Za sve ispitivane uvjete određen je i utrošak snage privedene sustavu tijekom miješanja i ultrazvučnog djelovanja. Iz rezultata je uočeno da se u procesu sonokristalizacije bez obzira na brzinu hlađenja matične otopine svojstva kristala ne mijenjaju bitno s obzirom na raspodjelu veličina i njihovu srednju veličinu. Najveći utjecaj brzine hlađenja odrazio se na promjenu specifične površine kristala koja je pak posljedica sekundarne nukleacije u sustavu. S druge strane, kad se usporede rezultati provedenih analiza u sustavima sa ultrazvukom sa sustavom bez ultrazvuka može se zaključiti da utjecaj ultrazvučnog djelovanja na svojstva kristala značajno nadmašuje utjecaj brzine hlađenja.In this work, the influence of the cooling rate of the mother liquor on the growth of crystals of disodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) during sonocrystallization was studied. The test was carried out in a batch laboratory crystallizer equipped with a radial turbine with four blades whose rotation speed was equal to that required to achieve a state of complete crystal suspension (N JS = 324 rpm). Ultrasonic irradiation of the solution was carried out with a homogenizer with a frequency of 24 kHz and a power of 400 W, continuously at 20% of the amplitude. Crystallization was carried out from a mother liquor saturated at 30 °C by cooling to a temperature of 10 °C at rates of 4, 6, 8, 10 °C h -1 . In order to gain insight into the influence of ultrasound on the process, crystallization was performed without ultrasound, under the same process conditions (N JS = 324 rpm, Tz = 30 °C) at a cooling rate of 6 °C h -1 . During the experiment, after nucleation, crystals in the mother liquor were analyzed by laser diffraction method and at the same time, concentration of the mother liquor was determined using the refractometric method. Changes were observed in crystal size distribution, mean volume diameter of the crystals and its standard deviation, as well as the specific surface area of the crystals during process time. The obtained products were subjected to sieve analysis, and the shape of the crystals was also analyzed. For all investigated process conditions, the power supplied to the systems by mixing and ultrasonic radiation was determined. From the results, it was observed that during the sonocrystallization process, regardless of the cooling rate of the mother liquor, the properties of the crystals do not change significantly with regard to the size distribution and their average size. The greatest influence of the cooling rate was reflected on the change in the crystal specific surface area, which is a consequence of secondary nucleation in the systems. On the other hand, comparing the results obtained in systems with and without ultrasound, it can be concluded that the influence of ultrasound on crystal properties significantly exceeds the influence of the cooling rate

Effect of cooling rate on crystal growth of borax during sonocrystallization : master thesis

U ovom radu ispitivano je kako brzina hlađenja matične otopine utječe na rast kristala dinatrijevog tetraborat dekahidrata (boraksa) tijekom sonokristalizacije. Ispitivanja su se provodila u šaržnom kristalizatoru laboratorijskog mjerila s pregradama i radijalnim turbinskim miješalom čija je brzina vrtnje bila jednaka potrebnoj za postizanje stanja potpune suspenzije kristala (N JS = 324 o min -1 ). Ultrazvučno djelovanje na otopinu provodilo se pomoću homogenizatora, frekvencije 24 kHz i snage 400 W, kontinuirano pri 20 % amplitudi. Kristalizacija se provodila iz matične otopine zasićene pri 30 °C hlađenjem do temperature od 10 °C pri brzinama od 4, 6, 8, 10 °C h -1 . Kako bi se dobio uvid u utjecaj ultrazvuka na navedeni proces također se provodila i kristalizacija bez njegovog djelovanja pri istovjetnim procesnim uvjetima (N JS = 324 o min -1 , T z = 30 °C) i brzini hlađenja od 6 °C h -1 . Tijekom eksperimenta, nakon nuleacije, provodila se analiza kristala u matičnoj otopini metodom laserske difrakcije te se istodobno određivala i koncentracija matične otopine refraktometrijskom metodom. Iz rezultata provedenih analiza sagledane su promjene raspodjele veličina kristala, srednjeg volumnog promjera kristala i njegove standardne devijacije te specifične površine kristala tijekom procesnog vremena pri svim ispitivanim uvjetima. Produkti kristalizacije pri navedenim procesnim uvjetima su također podvrgnuti granulometrijskoj analizi prosijavanjem te je analiziran i njihov oblik. Za sve ispitivane uvjete određen je i utrošak snage privedene sustavu tijekom miješanja i ultrazvučnog djelovanja. Iz rezultata je uočeno da se u procesu sonokristalizacije bez obzira na brzinu hlađenja matične otopine svojstva kristala ne mijenjaju bitno s obzirom na raspodjelu veličina i njihovu srednju veličinu. Najveći utjecaj brzine hlađenja odrazio se na promjenu specifične površine kristala koja je pak posljedica sekundarne nukleacije u sustavu. S druge strane, kad se usporede rezultati provedenih analiza u sustavima sa ultrazvukom sa sustavom bez ultrazvuka može se zaključiti da utjecaj ultrazvučnog djelovanja na svojstva kristala značajno nadmašuje utjecaj brzine hlađenja.In this work, the influence of the cooling rate of the mother liquor on the growth of crystals of disodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) during sonocrystallization was studied. The test was carried out in a batch laboratory crystallizer equipped with a radial turbine with four blades whose rotation speed was equal to that required to achieve a state of complete crystal suspension (N JS = 324 rpm). Ultrasonic irradiation of the solution was carried out with a homogenizer with a frequency of 24 kHz and a power of 400 W, continuously at 20% of the amplitude. Crystallization was carried out from a mother liquor saturated at 30 °C by cooling to a temperature of 10 °C at rates of 4, 6, 8, 10 °C h -1 . In order to gain insight into the influence of ultrasound on the process, crystallization was performed without ultrasound, under the same process conditions (N JS = 324 rpm, Tz = 30 °C) at a cooling rate of 6 °C h -1 . During the experiment, after nucleation, crystals in the mother liquor were analyzed by laser diffraction method and at the same time, concentration of the mother liquor was determined using the refractometric method. Changes were observed in crystal size distribution, mean volume diameter of the crystals and its standard deviation, as well as the specific surface area of the crystals during process time. The obtained products were subjected to sieve analysis, and the shape of the crystals was also analyzed. For all investigated process conditions, the power supplied to the systems by mixing and ultrasonic radiation was determined. From the results, it was observed that during the sonocrystallization process, regardless of the cooling rate of the mother liquor, the properties of the crystals do not change significantly with regard to the size distribution and their average size. The greatest influence of the cooling rate was reflected on the change in the crystal specific surface area, which is a consequence of secondary nucleation in the systems. On the other hand, comparing the results obtained in systems with and without ultrasound, it can be concluded that the influence of ultrasound on crystal properties significantly exceeds the influence of the cooling rate

Simulation of production and analysis of the olive pomace leachate : bachelor thesis

U ovom radu je provedeno simulirano dobivanje procjedne vode komine masline koja je nastala kao nusproizvod korištenjem 3-faznog sustava proizvodnje maslinovog ulja. Nadalje, u dobivenoj procjednoj vodi analizirani su fizikalno-kemijski pokazatelji kakvoće vode. Dobivene vrijednosti KPK (2448 mg O 2 /L) i BPK 5 (725 mg O 2 /L) znatno premašuju maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije, pH vrijednost je niža od dopuštene a jedino je koncentracija dušika manja od one propisane Pravilnikom. Odnos KPK/BPK 5 je manji od 2 što ukazuje da je nastala procjedna voda biološki razgradljiva. Prema parametrima određenim u dobivenoj procjednoj vodi komine masline, vidljivo je da ona nije pogodna za ispust u sustav javne odvodnje i u površinske vode što znači da je nužna njena obrada. U ovom radu procjedna voda komine masline obrađena je propuhivanjem, nakon čega je provedena flokulacija odnosno adsorpcija aktivnim ugljenom. Primjenom postupka propuhivanja i flokulacije najbolja učinkovitost se postiže dodatkom flokulansa koncentracije 10 mmol/L. Primjenom propuhivanja i adsorpcije aktivnim ugljenom utvrđeno je da se najbolja učinkovitost postiže dodatkom 5g aktivnog ugljena na 100 mL procjedne vode komine masline, čime je postignuta vrijednost KPK od 495 mg O 2 /L niža od maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije za ispust u sustav javne odvodnje. Rezultati pokazuju mogućnost korištenja postupka propuhivanja i adsorpcije aktivnim ugljenom za pročišćavanje procjedne vode komine masline.A production of the olive pomace leachate as a by-product of the 3-phase system production of the olive oil has been simulated. In the leachate are analysed COD (2448 mg O 2 /L) and BOD 5 (725 mg O 2 /L) and values are over maximum allowable concentrations prescribed by Croatian law for discharge into sewage systems. pH value is lower than allowed, which means that treatment of olive pomace leachate is necessary. Concentration of nitrogen is the only one that is lower than the maximum allowable concentration. Ratio of COD/BOD 5 is lower than 2, indicating biodegradability of these wastewaters. Treatment by aeration and flocculation has shown the most effectiveness by addition of flocculant in concentration of 10 mmol/L. Application of aeration and absorption by active carbon has shown the best decrease of COD with addition of 5g of active carbon on 100 mL of the leachate and achieved value of COD is 495 mg O 2 /L. It is lower than maximum allowable concentration for release in public sewage system. Results show the possibility by using aeration and absorption of active carbon for purification of the olive pomace leachate

Water for all : proceedings 8th International Conference Water for all

The 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL was held on the 21th and 22th March 2019 in Osijek, on Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek on the occasion of World Water Day and with the aim of gathering and exchanging experiences of scientists and experts in the field of water management, environmental protection and preservation of water resources. The Conference included plenary lectures, oral lectures, poster presentations, and the presentations of sponsoring companies. 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL was organized by the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek and Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek, Croatian Chamber of Economy, Croatian Water - VGO, Croatian Chamber of Health Professionals, Croatian Water Pollution Control Society, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Department of Biology of the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Chemistry of the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, University of Bihać, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology University of Mostar, Faculty of Health Studies University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb, Faculty of Technology University of Tuzla, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Skopje, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ljubljana, Nature Park “Kopački rit”, Public Institution for nature protection in Osijek- Baranja County, Public Health Institute of the Osijek-Baranja County, Health Center Osijek, Vodovod-Osijek d.o.o. and Alumni Association of former students and friends of the Faculty of Food Technology Osijek - TehnOS. The international co- organizers of the Conference were International Federation of Environmental Health (IFEH), European Hygienic Engineering & Design Group (EHEDG) and Danube Parks. The theme of World Water Day 2019 and 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL was "Water for all – Leaving no one behind!". At the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL participated 359 authors from 10 countries (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Republic of Kosovo, Turkey, Norway, Mexico and Brazil) with presentation of in total 112 paper, from which of them 41 were presented orally, and were presented 71 as poster presentation. Abstract of the mentioned papers were published in the Book of Abstracts of the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL. The Scientific Committee of 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL received 35 full papers for publication and 17 of them became the part of the this Proceedings, while 18 papers were accepted and publicated in following international scientific journals: Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek - e-GFOS, Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology, Technologica Acta, The Holistic Approach to Environment and Environmental Engineering - Inženjerstvo Okoliša. Special contributions to the quality of this Proceedings of the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL were given by 49 reviewers, mostly university professors and professionals, from 10 countries and over twenty international universities, faculties and institutions. On behalf of the Organizing and Scientific Committee of the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL we cordially thank all the authors, participants, reviewers and sponsors for their contribution to the quality of the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL