The Effect of Different Drip Irrigation Lateral Depth on the Efficiency and Quality Parameters of Alone and Mixture Planted Alfalfa in Kirklareli Conditions

This research was planned to present the effect of subsurface drip irrigation system on the yield and quality parameters of alfalfa of alone and mixture planted form in order to close the roughage deficit in the limited irrigable agricultural lands to the regional producer in Kirklareli conditions. The field experiment was carried out in a total of 24 plots with four replications in 2019 and 2020 according to the Factorial Arranged Random Blocks Trial Design on the land of Kirklareli Ataturk Soil Water and Agricultural Meteorology Research Institute. Two planting methods from alone planting (clover) and mixed planting consisting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), perennial grass (Lolium perenne L.) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis L.) were used in the study. The ratios of the plants in the mixtures were determined as 25% for legume and 75% for poaceae. As the irrigation method, precipitation-based conditions, drip irrigation laterals placed at a depth of 20 cm in the soil and a subsurface drip irrigation system using drip irrigation laterals placed at a depth of 40 cm were preferred. In the research, the highest green grass yield (11.031,19 kg da(-1)) and the highest hay yield (1,880.51 kg da(-1)) was obtained from irrigated alone planting with laterals placed at a depth of 40 cm. In mixed planting, the highest yield of green (10.166,32 kg da(-1)) and hay was obtained in the plots irrigated with laterals placed at a depth of 20 cm. In both planting forms, the lowest yield was obtained from the treatments based on precipitation. According to the data obtained; Considering the green grass and hay yields, crude protein, crude cellulose, ADF, NDF and raw ash ratios in planted alone alfalfa plots; Irrigation with laterals placed at a depth of 40 cm in the soil, and irrigation with laterals placed at a depth of 20 cm in mixed planting can be recommended

Comparative Analysis of Livestock Farms in terms of Forage Crops Production and Rangelands Usage Habits

Bu çalışma, Tekirdağ ve Kırklareli illerinde seçilen birer ilçede hayvancılık işletmelerinin yem bitkileriyetiştiriciliği ve mera kullanım alışkanlıkları açısından karşılaştırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Tekirdağ ilimerkez ilçeye bağlı 6 köyde 36, Kırklareli ili Pehlivanköy ilçesinde bağlı 9 köyde 55 olmak üzere toplam91 üretici ile anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde öncelikle yüzde, ortalama,standart sapma gibi tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. İncelenen değişkenler açısından iller arasında farklılıkolup olmadığı, kesikli verilerde ki kare testi ile ortaya konulmuştur. İşletmelerin yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliği vemera kullanım alışkanlıkları bakımından birbirinden ayıran özellikler diskriminant analizi ile belirlenmiştir.Kırklareli ilinde üreticilerin ortalama eğitim süresi 7.53 yıl, ortalama yaşı 46.84, ortalama hayvan sayısı 17.69,meradan yararlanma süresi 3.89 ay, yetiştirilen yem bitkisi sayısı 1.87 adet, meralardaki bitki türü sayısı2.38 ve işletmenin meraya uzaklığı 574.55 m olarak bulunmuştur. Tekirdağ ilinde ise üreticilerin ortalamaeğitim süresi 7.56 yıl, ortalama yaşı 49.39, ortalama hayvan sayısı 41.92, meradan yararlanma süresi 6.56ay, yetiştirilen yem bitkisi sayısı 2.97 adet, meralardaki bitki türü sayısı 2.72 ve işletmenin meraya uzaklığı688.89 m olarak bulunmuştur. Kırklareli ve Tekirdağ ilindeki üreticiler arasındaki yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliği vemera kullanım alışkanlıkları farklılığının istatistiki olarak önemli olup olmadığını tespit etmek üzere yapılanki kare testi sonucunda, otlatma planlarında hayvan türüne göre ayırım yapma, su baskınından etkilenenmera olması ve yem bitkileri desteklemesi alma durumunun illere göre değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanandoğrusal diskriminant analizi sonucuna göre, üreticiler arasındaki ayırıma etki eden en önemli değişkenlerinmeradan yararlanma süresi ve yetiştirilen yem bitkisi sayısı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Grup merkezi değerlerinegöre, meradan yararlanma süresinin ve yetiştirilen yem bitkisi sayısının Tekirdağ ilindeki işletmelerde dahayüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diskriminant analizi sonucunda toplamda bütün işletmelerin %75.80’inindoğru bir şekilde gruplandığı bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, Tekirdağ ilindeki üreticilerinyem bitkileri yetiştiriciliği ve mera kullanımı konusunda Kırklareli ilindeki üreticilere göre daha bilinçli olduğusonucuna ulaşılmıştır.This study was carried out in order to compare the livestock enterprises in terms of forage crops production and rangelands usage habits in one districts of Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces. Total of 91 surveys were executed in the study and 36 of these surveys were executed in 6 villages of Tekirdağ and 55 of these surveys were executed in 9 villages of Kırklareli. During the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics such as percentage, average and standard deviation were used. Discrete data were subjected to Chi Square test and the differences between the provinces in terms of the variables were observed. Discriminant analysis was used in order to determine the separating characteristics of the enterprises in terms of forage crops production and rangelands usage habits. In Kırklareli province, the average education periods and ages of the farmers were determined as 7.53 years and 46.84, respectively. The average animal number was 17.69. Utilizing period from the rangelands, number of the grown forage plant, plant type number in the rangelands and the distance of the enterprise to the rangelands were determined as 3.89 months, 1.87, 2.38 and 574.55 m. In Tekirdağ province, the average education periods and ages of the farmers were determined as 7.56 years and 49.39, respectively. The average animal number was 41.92. Utilizing period from the rangelands, number of the grown forage plant, plant type number in the rangelands and the distance of the enterprise to the rangelands were determined as 6.56 months, 2.97, 2.72 and 688.89 m. As a result of chi square test which was done in order to determine the difference between the farmers according to the forage crops production and rangelands usage habits statistically, it was determined that discrimination in grazing plan according to the animal type, opinions about the rangelands effected by flooding and taking forage plant subsidies changed according to the provinces. As a result of the discriminant analysis, it was determined that the most significant variables which affected the discrimination between the farmers were utilizing period from the rangelands and number of the grown forage plants. According to the group centroid values, it was determined that utilizing period from the rangelands and number of the grown forage plants were higher in the enterprises in Tekirdağ province. As a result of the discriminant analysis, it was determined that 75.80%of the total of the enterprises was classified properly. According to the results, it was concluded that the farmers in Tekirdağ province were more conscious according to the farmers in Kırklareli province in respect of forage crops production and rangelands usage

Possible role of GADD45γ methylation in diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma: Does it affect the progression and tissue involvement?

Objective: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults and is characterized by heterogeneous clinical, immunophenotypic, and genetic features. Different mechanisms deregulating cell cycle and apoptosis play a role in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45γ) is an important gene family involved in these mechanisms. The aims of this study are to determine the frequency of GADD45γ methylation, to evaluate the correlation between GADD45γ methylation and protein expression, and to investigate the relation between methylation status and clinicopathologic parameters in DLBCL tissues and reactive lymphoid node tissues from patients with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six tissue samples of DLBCL and 40 nonmalignant reactive lymphoid node tissues were analyzed in this study. Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis was used for the determination of GADD45γ methylation status. The GADD45γ protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: GADD45γ methylation was frequent (50.0%) in DLBCL. It was also significantly higher in advanced-stage tumors compared with early-stage (p=0.041). In contrast, unmethylated GADD45γ was associated with nodal involvement as the primary anatomical site (p=0.040). Conclusion: The results of this study show that, in contrast to solid tumors, the frequency of GADD45γ methylation is higher and this epigenetic alteration of GADD45γ may be associated with progression in DLBCL. In addition, nodal involvement is more likely to be present in patients with unmethylated GADD45γ. © 2015 Turkish Society of Hematology. All rights reserved

Total prostatectomy in a dog with perineal hernia

Perineal kasların ayrılması sonucunda pelvik ve abdominal boşluk organlarının bir veya birkaçının perineal bölgede deri altına yer değiştirmesi sonucu bu bölgede değişik büyüklükte, kıvamda ve şekilde şişkinlik oluşturmasına perineal fıtık denir. 10 yaşında, Rottweiller ırkı ve kısırlaştırılmamış erkek bir köpek, perineal bölgede gelişen şişkinlikten dolayı operasyona alındı. Operasyonda 9-10 cm boyutunda ve üzeri damarlı kitlesel bir yapı ile karşılaşıldı. İncelemede yapının prostat olduğu anlaşıldı. Kötü huylu bir büyüme olabileceği şüphesi üzerine total prostatektomi ve sonrasında üretranın kranial ve kaudal uçlarının anastomozu yapıldı. Bölge daha sonra tekniğine uygun olarak kapatıldı. Hastanın postoperatif olarak komplikasyonsuz iyileştiği görüldü. Histopatolojik inceleme sonucunda; papiller kistik prostat hiperplazisi ve adenokarsinomatöz odaklara sahip subakut prostatitis tanısı konuldu.When perineal muscles separates, one or many organs of the pelvic and abdominal cavity displaces beneath skin and form swelling in different sizes, stiffnesses and forms. This is called perineal hernia. 10 years old, unneutered male Rottweiller dog operated because of swelling in the perineal area. In the operation, 9-10 cm structure of vasculated mass had been detected. Structure diagnosed as a prostate gland. Suspicion of malign enlargement leaded to total prostatectomy and after anastomosis of cranial and caudal side of urethra. Area closed (sutured) in appropriate techniques. Patient became healthy without complication postoperatively. Histopathologic examination reveals subacute prostatitis with papillary hyperplasia of prostate and adenocarcinomatous lesions

Comparison of Efficacy and Complications of Holmium Laser and Pneumatic Lithotripters Used in the Ureterorenoscopic Treatment of Proximal Ureter Stones, a Multi-Center Study of Society of Urological Surgery Aegean Study Group

Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and complications of holmium laser and pneumatic lithotripsy used in the ureterorenoscopic treatment of proximal ureteral stones.Materials and Methods:Data of 638 patients, who underwent ureterorenoscopy (URS) due to proximal ureteral stones in different centers, were obtained from patient files. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of lithotripter used: group 1; laser lithotripter (n=324; 50.8%) and group 2; pneumatic lithotripter (n=314; 49.2%). URS was considered successful upon determination stone-free status with the imaging methods after treatment. The effectiveness and the complications of holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and pneumatic lithotripsy were compared.Results:The total success rate of URS was 82.6% and the complication rate was 8.1%. The mean age of patients was similar between the groups; however, the body mass index values, stone surface area and stone Hounsfield unit were significantly higher in group 1. Although the mean operative time, complication rate and the mean length of hospital stay were similar between the groups; the URS success and postoperative ureteral J stent use rates were significantly higher in group 1 and the push-back rate was significantly higher in group 2.Conclusion:If laser lithotripsy is available in a clinic, we believe that it is better to use it as the first option in the treatment of proximal ureter stones. However, considering that it is not easy to access laser lithotripters due to their high cost in Turkey, pneumatic lithotripters may be an effective and inexpensive alternative that can also be safely used in these cases

Effect of the Anesthetic Method on the Outcomes of Ureteroscopy for Proximal Ureteral Stones: A Multi-center Study of the Society of Urological Surgery Aegean Study Group

Objective:To analyze the effect of the anesthesia method (spinal and general) on the outcome of ureteroscopy (URS) in patients treated for proximal ureteral stones.Materials and Methods:Patients, who underwent URS for proximal ureteral stones at various urology clinics in Turkiye, were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the anesthesia method performed; the procedure was performed under spinal anesthesia (SA) in group 1 and general anesthesia (GA) in group 2. Patients’ demographic, perioperative data and complication rates were compared between the two groups in a retrospective manner.Results:There were 309 and 329 patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean stone area and Hounsfield unit in GA group were higher (p0.05). The rate of success of URS, which is accepted as complete stone-free status, was higher in the SA group (p=0.041).Conclusion:URS, which is used in the treatment of proximal ureteral stones, has a high success rate, independent of the anesthesia method used. It is important to keep in mind the patient’s comorbidities prior to selecting the anesthesia method and that the stone area and the Hounsfield unit are the important factors affecting the outcomes

Artificial neural networks modeling and Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of Geothermal and solar energy use in electricity and hydrogen generation, heating and cooling

Bu tezin amacı, jeotermal ve güneş enerjisinin elektrik ve hidrojen üretimi ile birlikte ısıtma ve soğutma için kullanılması amacıyla uygun modellerin geliştirilmesidir. Geliştirilen modellerin termodinamik ve termoekonomik analizlerinin ardından Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA) kullanılarak tasarımı ve Genetik Algoritma yöntemi ile optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, ihtiyaç duyulan farklı enerji formlarının üretilmesinde jeotermal ve güneş enerjisinin en uygun sistem ve sistem kombinasyonları ile uygun çalışma şartlarında kullanılması hedeflenmiştir. Farklı jeotermal kaynak sıcaklıklarında ve güneş ışınımlarında modellerin parametrik analizleri yapılmıştır. Güç, ısıtma ve soğutma üretimini maksimize etmek ve üretilen elektriğin, hidrojenin, ısıtmanın ve soğutmanın birim maliyetlerini de minimize etmek üzere optmizasyon yapılmıştır. Modeller EES, MATLAB ve Aspen Plus programlarında simüle edilmiş ve tüm analizler bu programlar kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Modellerin analizlerinde jeotermal suyun sıcaklığı 130ºC ve kütlesel debisi 85 kg/s ile aylık ortalama güneş ışınım şiddeti 600 W/m2 olarak alınmıştır. Modellerin termodinamik ve termoekonomik analiz sonuçları üzerinden yapılan YSA ile optimizasyonu sonucunda Model 1‘in toplam net güç çıktısı, depolanan hidrojenden şebekeye destek olarak elektik üretimi ve hidrojen üretimi 4569 kW, 3180 kW ve 0.0185 kg/s hesaplanmıştır. Model 2’nin toplam net güç çıktısı 3061 kW ve soğutma kapasitesi 2761 kW hesaplanmıştır. Model 3’ün toplam net güç çıktısı, depolanan hidrojenin şebekeye destek olarak elektrik üretimi, ısıtma kapasitesi ve hidrojen üretimi 3285 kW, 2252 kW, 10,274 kW ve 0.0154 kg/s olarak hesaplanmıştır. YSA ile optimizasyon sonucunda, Model 1’de üretilen elektriğin ve hidrojenin birim maliyeti 0.077 $/kWh ve 1.921$/kg hidrojen olarak hesaplanmıştır. Model 2’de üretilen elektriğin ve soğutmanın maliyeti 0.014 $/kWh ve 0.052$/kWh’dır. Model 3’de üretilen elektriğin, hidrojenin ve ısıtmanın birim maliyeti sırasıyla 0.0778 $/kWh, 1.491$/kg hidrojen ve 0.0050 $/kWh olarak hesaplanmıştır.The aim of this thesis is to develop suitable models for the use of geothermal and solar energy for electricity and hydrogen production as well as for heating and cooling. After the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis of the developed models, the models are designed using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and optimized with the Genetic Algorithm method. As a result of this study, it is aimed to use geothermal and solar energy with the most suitable system and system combinations under appropriate operating conditions in the production of different energy forms. Parametric analysis of the models at different geothermal source temperatures and solar radiation are performed. Optimization is performed to maximize the power, heating, and cooling production and minimize the unit costs of electricity, hydrogen, heating, and cooling. The models are simulated in EES, MATLAB, and Aspen Plus programs, and all analyses are performed using these programs. In the analysis of the models, the temperature and mass flow rate of the geothermal water are 130ºC and 85 kg/s, and the monthly average solar radiation is 600 W/m2. The total net power output of Model 1, electricity production from stored hydrogen as a support to the grid, and hydrogen production rate is calculated to be 4569 kW, 3180 kW, and 0.0185 kg/s. Model 2 has a total net power output of 3061 kW and a cooling capacity of 2761 kW. The total net power output of Model 3, electricity production from stored hydrogen as a support to the grid, heating capacity, and hydrogen production rate is calculated to be 3285 kW, 2252 kW, 10,274 kW, and 0.0154 kg/s. As a result of ANN optimization, the unit costs of electricity and hydrogen production in Model 1 are calculated to be 0.077$/kWh and 1.921 $/kg hydrogen. The unit costs of production electricity and cooling in Model 2 are 0.014$/kWh and 0.052 $/kWh. The production costs of electricity, hydrogen, and heating in Model 3 are calculated to be 0.0778$/kWh, 1.491 $/kg hydrogen, and 0.0050$/kWh, respectively

Translation Revision in Professional Translation Companies in Turkey

Translation revision is an essential part of professional translation, andit has beenone of the biggest workloadsof translation companies. However, far too little attention has been paid to itwithinthe relevant literature on translation studies.To fillthisgap, this study aimsto analyzethe translation revision policies of translation companies in Turkey through a questionnaire developed by Rasmussen &Schjoldager (2011). For this study,the questionnaire was adapted and slightly modifiedto reflect the specific situation in Turkey. The questionnaire was answered by 15 revisersand/or managers of translation companies in Turkey, specifically in three big cities (including İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir). The dataderived from the questionnaireshow the revision types that translation companies mostly prefer. The answers of the respondents in translation companies offer a brief insight into the parameters that translation companies consider during the revision process. The remarks of the respondents also highlighted the scarcity of the revision training within translation companies.In addition,the answers of the respondents showed that they give importance to the problems of the transfer and content of the text as well as language and presentation as suggested by Mossop (2007, 2014). This study, in short,tries to reflect a view on the current status of translation revision in Turkeythrough 15 translation companies