The Piosphere Effects of Livestock Grazing on Rangeland Vegetation in Ahir Mountain of Kahramanmaras Region

Excessive grazing pressure on rangeland vegetation reduces the basal area value of vegetation and also changes the botanic composition. This study examined the piosphere effects of livestock grazing on rangeland vegetation based on distance from a natural water source. The piosphere effects were evaluated around Karagöl Lake, which is a natural water-source in Mediterranean region of Turkey. The changes in vegetation were determined within three different sites where sample plots were located at 0-1000 m, 1000-3000 m and 3000-5000 m away from the lake. The mean values of basal area in the study area were 10.71%, 14.46%, and 22.16% for three sites, respectively. The average oven-dry hay yield was 639.0 kg ha-1, 1542.9 kg ha-1, and 2146.3 kg ha-1, respectively. The vegetation similarity indices of the sites indicated that the botanic composition changed with respect to increasing distance from the lake. The lowest similarity index was encountered between the site one and site three 30.31

The relationship among academic expectations, academic satisfaction and career planning: The sample of tourism undergraduate studentsAkademik beklenti, akademik memnuniyet ve kariyer planlaması ilişkisi: Turizm lisans öğrencileri örneği

Higher education institutions have an important role in the career planning of individuals. But, student selection examinations is the most important factor for their choosing school and directly or indirectly affect their career choices, and their expectations and satisfaction levels can cause positive or negative results. In term of 2013-2014, data for this study were collected from the students of thefourthgradestudents intourism undergraduateeducation at state universities in Turkey. The purposes of this study was to compare the academic expectations from the institutions and satisfaction levels of the students with regard to academic services provided by their university and examine the relationship between expectation and satisfaction levels of the students and their career planning. Questionnaire for this study was developed from prior research and published scales on a 5-point Likert-type which was based on three dimensions. Through conducting a face-to-face interview, a total of 583 questionnaires were collected from students. PASW was used to analyze the data that includes various statistical tools such as factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. As a result, the findings indicate that expectation and satisfaction levels have a negative correlation with each other, and these two factors have positive influence on career planning. ÖzetYükseköğretim kurumları, bireylerin kariyer planlamasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak, yükseköğretime giriş sınavının okul seçiminde en önemli faktör olarak görülmesi, bireylerin kariyer tercihlerini doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkilemekte ve bu durum onların beklenti ve memnuniyet düzeylerine bağlı olarak olumlu ya da olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilmektedir. Türkiye’deki kamu üniversitelerinde 2012-2013 eğitim öğretim yılında, turizm lisans eğitimi alan dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerini kapsayan bu araştırmanın amacı, kurumlarından akademik beklentileri ile onlara sağlanan akademik hizmetlerden memnuniyet düzeylerini karşılaştırmak ve kariyer planlaması ile ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Konuyla ilgili literatürden yararlanılarak, beklenti, memnuniyet ve kariyer planlamasına yönelik beşli Likert türü bir anket formu oluşturulmuştur. Yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile 583 adet anket formu toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde PASW istatistik programı kullanılarak değişkenlere faktör analizi, korelasyon ve çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Sonuçta, bireylerin beklentileri ile memnuniyet düzeylerinin ters yönlü bir ilişkisi olduğu, aynı zamanda bu iki temel faktörün kariyer planlamasını etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır

Ghrelin Levels in Children with Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty

Objective: In this study, we aimed to show the role of ghrelin in growth delay in children with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP)

SIVILAŞMAYA KARŞI GÜVENLİK KATSAYISININ YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI İLE TAHMİN EDİLMESİ: DENİZLİ-GÜMÜŞLER ÖRNEĞİ

Liquefaction is one of the major natural hazards caused by earthquakes and it can be defined as an increase of pore pressure and lost of bearing capacity of the soils because of a dynamic impact (earthquake). In order to estimate liquefaction potential, Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) is calculated. LPI has been developed for evaluating the surface impacts of the liquefaction. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) developed biological human brain system has been recently used for modeling of complex and nonlinear engineering problems. In this study LPI of the Gümüşler Municipality settlement area has been calculated and factor of safety (FS) against liquefaction has been estimated by using ANN. Feed forward type of ANN is employed. The input parameters are cyclic resistance ratio for Mw=7.5 earthquakes (CRR7.5), cyclic stress ratio (CSR), depth of ground water level, depth and N values of standard penetration test. 194 borehole values have been used in training process while 123 data have been used in test procedure. Satisfactory results have been obtained.Depremlerin neden olduğu önemli zemin davranışlarından biri de sıvılaşmadır. Sıvılaşma, suya tamamen doygun kohezyonsuz zeminlerin deprem etkisi ile zeminin içindeki boşluk suyu basıncının artması ve zeminin taşıyıcı özelliğini kaybetmesi sonucu meydana gelir. Sıvılaşma Potansiyeli İndeksi (SPI), sıvılaşmanın yüzeydeki şiddetini göreceli olarak değerlendirmek amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. Sıvılaşma riskinin belirlenmesi için SPI’nin doğru bir şekilde hesaplanması gerekir. Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA), insan sinir sisteminden esinlenerek geliştirilmiş bir yöntem olup, son yıllarda doğrusal olmayan ve karmaşık mühendislik problemlerinde oldukça başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Denizli ili Gümüşler Belediyesi mücavir alanındaki zeminlerin, sıvılaşma potansiyeli değerlendirilmiş ve YSA yardımı ile sıvılaşmaya karşı Güvenlik Katsayısı (GK) tahmin edilmiştir. GK’nın tahmini için ileri beslemeli sinir ağları kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 7.5 büyüklüğündeki bir deprem için zeminin tekrarlı direnç oranı (CRR7.5), depremin oluşturduğu tekrarlı gerilim oranı (CSR), yeraltı suyu seviyesi, Standart Penetrasyon Deneyi (SPT) derinliği ile darbe sayısı girdi parametreleri olarak seçilmiştir. 21 adet sondaj kuyusuna ait 317 adet verinin 194’ü YSA’nın eğitimi için, 123’ü ise test işlemleri için kullanılmıştır. Test sonuçları ile hesaplanan değerler karşılaştırıldığında, YSA ile elde edilen sonuçların hesaplanan değerlere oldukça yakın çıktığı görülmüştür

Influencing Factors on Radiotherapy Outcome in Stage I-II Glottic Larynx Cancer—A Multicenter Study

Background and Purpose: Larynx cancer represents one of the most frequently diagnosed head and neck malignancies, which is most often confined to the glottic area. The aim of this study was to report the oncological outcome and identify prognostic factors in early-stage glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. Material and Methods: Patients (n = 761) diagnosed and treated in 10 centers between 1990 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Probabilities of loco-regional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) were calculated and possible prognostic factors were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The median follow-up was 63 months (range: 2-243). Three hundred and sixty-four, 148 and 249 patients had cT1a, cT1b, and cT2 stage I-II disease, respectively. Five and 10-years LRC/OS rates in the whole cohort were 83/82% and 80/68%, respectively. Three patients developed distant recurrences. In univariate analysis, male sex (HR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.47-11.37; p < 0.01), T2 vs. T1a (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.08-2.43; p = 0.02) and anterior commissure involvement (ACI) (HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.38-2.45; p < 0.01) were associated with impaired LRC. In multivariate analysis, male sex (HR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.44-11.17; p < 0.01) and ACI (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.01-2.28; p = 0.047) remained poor prognostic factors. No relation of treatment technique and biologically equivalent dose (BED) to oncological outcome was identified except for higher BED10(L = 25; T = 1) yielding better LRC in T1a tumors (p = 0.04) in univariate analyses. Conclusion: Our results highlight the negative impact of ACI on tumor control. A less-expected finding was the impact of sex on tumor control. Further research is needed to validate its prognostic value and investigate any related biologic or behavioral factors, which may be modified to improve oncologic outcome

Comparative analysis of national rules related to vocational education for adults

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The Role of the Institutional Websites on Students’ School Choice: A Comparison for the Higher Education Levels in Tourism

The purpose of present research is to investigate the effects of the information on tourism higher education institutions’ websites on students’ school choice. Appropriate to the research model, 5-point Likert type survey has been prepared. The data is collected from associate degree, undergraduate and graduate level students at public universities in 6 provinces for the academic years of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 through face to face to interviews as well as email and social media with structured surveys. Obtained data have been analyzed via PASW 18.0 statistical software. The factor analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA and regression analysis were used. All variables are found to be positively correlated with each other. The results of regression analysis show that institutional image and access to information are the determining factors of students’ school choice at every level higher education. The impact of facilities and academic staff shows variety according to the level higher education

Alburnus selcuklui, A New Species of Cyprinid Fish from East Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Alburnus selcuklui, a new species from a branch of Botan stream of the River Tigris in East Anatolia Turkey, is distinguished from other Anatolian Alburnus species by the anal-fin origin 0-4 scales behind the base of the dorsal fin-base, 70-80 + 3-4 lateral line scales, 10-15 gill rakers, 81/2-9 branched dorsal-fin rays, 11-121/2 branched anal-fin rays, snout rounded, prominent epidermal lateral stripe and lateral body without black pigmentation along and below lateral line