Contrast training in football and its effect on the performance of students in this field of education

Many factors determine success in football. But the most important of these are the physical and physiological variables that determine the performance of football players. Meeting these physical and physiological needs is also based on training methods prepared following branch-specific neural, muscular, and metabolic parameters. In football, for some reason, sufficient time cannot be allocated to the biomotor properties that need to be developed. Different methods are put forward to eliminate the obstacles that occur. One of these methods, which was discussed in the educational system of this field, was the idea of combining different strength training. Although there are different designs on these training in the literature, the most commonly studied methods are complex and contrast training. Complex and contrast training is based on the theory of post-activation potentiation, although there are minor differences between them. These methods generally include plyometric exercise followed by a severe strength exercise. For this reason, contrast and complex training are considered by some researchers as similar training methods, while studies that claim otherwise are also found in the literature. Discussions continue in terms of training protocols and training terms which are used. These methods are investigated by experts with many different protocols when the literature is examined. Confusion in the literature also affects studies on football. Complex and contrast training protocols in football that are used to define the purpose of this study, to examine the effect on player performance, on methods to deal with developments and discussions with existing methods to evaluate the positive and negative aspects to provide a critical perspective on sensible recommendations

Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Versus Intubation for Surfactant Delivery in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Aim:Routes for surfactant administration for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has changed from bolus endotracheal administration together with ongoing mechanical ventilation, to intubation-surfactant administration and rapid extubation (INSURE) method and finally to less invasive surfactant administration (LISA). In this study our aim was to compare respiratory outcomes of LISA and INSURE methods for surfactant delivery in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.Materials and Methods:This retrospective, single-center study was performed in a one year period in between March 2014-2015. Data of VLBW infants who had diagnosis of RDS and received surfactant treatment via LISA or INSURE techniques were analyzed. Primary outcome of the study was failure of non-invasive respiratory support. Secondary outcomes were bronchopulmonary dysplasia diagnosis and its severity, duration of mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube, total number of surfactant administered, duration of hospitalization and duration of all sorts of non-invasive respiratory support. Non-invasive ventilatory support failure incidences of LISA group according to gestational ages were also analyzed.Results:Fifty-nine VLBW infants in LISA group and 55 VLBW infants in INSURE group were analyzed. Need for intubation/reintubation (non-invasive ventilatory support failure) was significantly lower in LISA group (31.6% vs 49%, p=0.043). Duration of intubation was significantly longer in INSURE group [0 vs 4 days (median), p=0.001]. Both LISA and INSURE treated infants had similar moderate to severe BPD ratios (26.6% vs 32.7%, p=0.306). We did not observe any reported complications during application of both methods. Intubation ratios were lowest in the group with gestational ages 28-29 weeks (25%).Conclusion:LISA technique for surfactant delivery to preterms with RDS is a safe method ending with lower rates of need for intubation/reintubation. Even if no difference in BPD incidences in between the two groups was observed at the 36th corrected gestational week, intubation duration of infants was significantly lower in LISA group

Igneada fishery of the Black Sea, Turkey: a review

Igneada is a place with a very small population in the province of Kirklareli, where is located in the continent/region of Europe, and it is near the national border between Turkey and Bulgaria. Fisheries are an important sector in Igneada of the Black Sea. It provides employment to hundreds of people and contributes to food security of the country. The focus of the present review is on the governance of municipal fisheries in the Igneada coast of the Black Sea in view of the importance role they play in means of living of the coastal communities and in the nation as a whole. The focus of the present study is on the governance of municipal fisheries in the Igneada coast of the Black Sea giving stress to their present role towards the livelihood of the coastal communities and in the nation as a whole

The impact of fasting during Ramadan on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

WOS: 000325635000004PubMed: 23934679Background: Millions of Muslims fast from dawn until dusk during the annual Islamic holy month of Ramadan. Most of the studies evaluating biochemical changes in diabetic patients during Ramadan showed little changes in the glycemic control. in this study, our aim was to assess the impact of fasting during Ramadan on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and design: We examined 122 patients with type 2 diabetes (82 female, 40 male, age 56.93 +/- 9.57 years) before and after the Ramadan. 66.4% of the patients were treated with oral antidiabetic (OAD) alone, 6.5 % with a combination of insulin plus OAD and 19.7 % with insulin alone. 88 of 122 patients fasted during Ramadan (26.98 +/- 5.93 days). Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG), fructosamine, HbA1c, fasting insulin and lipid parameters were measured. Results: the frequencies of both severe hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were higher in the fasting group, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.18). Weight, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, FPG (143.38 +/- 52.04 vs. 139.31 +/- 43.47 mg/dl) PPG (213.40 +/- 98.56 vs. 215.66 +/- 109.31 mg/dl), fructosamine (314.18 +/- 75.40 vs. 314.49 +/- 68.36 mu mol/l), HbA1c (6.33 +/- 0.98 vs. 6.22 +/- 0.92 %) and fasting insulin (12.61 +/- 8.94 vs. 10.51 +/- 6.26 mu U/ml) were unchanged in patients who fasted during Ramadan. Microalbuminuria significantly decreased during Ramadan (132.85 +/- 197.11 vs. 45.03 +/- 73.11 mg/dl). Conclusions: in this study, we concluded that fasting during Ramadan did not worsen the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes

Paulownia Sieb.&Zucc. TÜR VE ORİJİNLERİNİN FİDANLIK AŞAMASI PERFORMANSLARI

Bu çalışmada; “Bazı Paulownia Türlerinin Türkiye’ye Adaptasyonu’’ isimli proje kapsamında Çin’den temin edilen üç Paulownia Sieb.&Zucc. türüne (P. tomentosa, P. fortunei ve P. elongata) ait 15 orijin ve P. fortunei x tomentosa melezine ait tohum materyalinin Trabzon-Of Orman Fidanlığı koşullarındaki fidanlık aşaması performanslarının karşılaştırması amaçlanmıştır. Her bir orijine ait boy ölçümü; fidanlar seradan açık alana çıkarıldıktan sonra 15 gün arayla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, vejetasyon dönemi sonu itibariyle ise orijinlere ait çap ve boy gelişimi ölçülmüştür. Boy bakımından en iyi ortalama gelişimin sırasıyla P. fortunei x tomentosa (91.7 cm), P. tomentosa Henan-Luoyang (85.2 cm), P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin ve P. fortunei Hubei-Hunan (81.6 cm) orijinleri tarafından gerçekleştirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler; Paulownia, Orijin, Adaptasyon, Fidanlık Aşamas

GPS Velocity and Strain Rate Fields in Southwest Anatolia from Repeated GPS Measurements

Southwestern Turkey is a tectonically active area. To determine kinematics and strain distribution in this region, a GPS network of sixteen stations was established. We have used GPS velocity field data for southwest Anatolia from continuous measurements covering the period 2003 to 2006 to estimate current crustal deformation of this tectonically active region. GPS data were processed using GAMIT/GLOBK software and velocity and strain rate fields were estimated in the study area. The measurements showed velocities of 15–30 mm/yr toward the southwest and strain values up to 0.28–8.23×10−8. Results showed that extension has been determined in the Burdur-Isparta region. In this study, all of strain data reveal an extensional neotectonic regime through the northeast edge of the Isparta Angle despite the previously reported compressional neotectonic regime. Meanwhile, results showed some small differences relatively with the 2006 model of Reilinger et al. As a result, active tectonic movements, in agreement with earthquake fault plane solutions showed important activity

Comparison of conservative and radical surgery in the management of placenta previa percreta

Objective We aimed to compare the uterine sparing (US) surgery and hysterectomy for placenta previa percreta (PPP) management. Methods Data from PPP patients with anterior invasion who underwent US surgery and caesarean hysterectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical and surgical outcomes of patients with PPP were compared according to the type of surgery. Results The mean intraoperative blood loss was lower in US surgery group than in caesarean hysterectomy group (1227.78±204.80 ml vs 1442.22±125.68 ml; p=0.017). The hemoglobin drop was also significantly lower in the patients with US surgery (1.87±0.68 g/dl vs 2.88±1.04 g/dl; p=0.026). Moreover, the mean total transfusion rate was also significantly lower in the patients with US surgery (1.33±0.87 U vs 2.33±0.71 U; p=0.016). Conclusion Uterine sparing surgery reduces intraoperative blood loss and transfusion rate in PPP patients with anterior placental invasion compared to hysterectomy. The temporary blockage of bilateral uterine and uteroovarian arteries with Satinsky clamps may potentially contribute to the success of US surgery

Preparation, Characterization, and Swelling Behavior of PEGylated Guar Gum @ Ag Nanoparticles

In this study, polyethylene glycol/guar gum @ silver nanoparticles (PEG/GG@AgNPs) were synthesized by using simple sonication method. The nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The swelling behaviors of nanoparticles were studied in different pHs (5.5 and 7.4). The experimental results were calculated by Fickian diffusion and Schott kinetic models to understand the swelling mechanism and coefficients of the nanoparticles. The results showed that the linear equation of the Fickian diffusion kinetic model was best fit to explain the water diffusion mechanism of the nanoparticle with high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.982–0.987). The results confirmed that the swelling degree of nanoparticles were 9.71 g/g at pH 5.5. Also, the results confirmed that PEG/GG@AgNPs can be a good candidate for drug delivery systems in pharmaceutical applications

Determination of the Level of Emergency Medicine Resident Physicians to Recognize the Electrocardiography Findings

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy and reliability of the interpretation of electrocardiography (ECG) findings by emergency medicine resident physicians (EMPs) and to provide training recommendations in line with emerging deficiencies. Material and Methods: This research depended on the data from a questionnaire that we conducted among EMPs in Ankara. The survey included multiple-choice questions, selected through conceived cases presented in major textbooks or congresses. EMP ECG assessment levels were compared according to the duration of residency education and the presence of ECG education. The data were evaluated by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 112 volunteers participated. Mean age was 29.6±4.4; also, 47 were female and 65 were male. When all of the questions were taken into account, the mean number of total correct answers was higher for those who had received ECG training than who had not received it, those who underwent more training than those who underwent less training, and those whose duration of assistantship was longer than those whose duration was shorter. Conclusion: The results of our study revealed that the evaluation of ECG is improved by increasing clinical knowledge and training. Depending on these results, we suggest that effective and practical ECG courses and training programs should be organized for EMPs. (JAEM 2014; 13: 108-11