İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Modelleme Süreçleri: Suç Problemi

In recent years, mathematics educators have frequently stressed the necessity of instructing students about models and modeling approaches that encompass cognitive and metacognitive thought processes, starting from the first years of school and continuing on through the years of higher education. The purpose of this study is to examine the thought processes of 4th-grade primary school students in their modeling activities and to explore the difficulties encountered in these processes, if any. The study, of qualitative design, was conducted in the 2013-2014 academic year at a Foundation School operating under the auspices of a state university located in a central city in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. A five-week preliminary study was first implemented with designated 4th grade students, after which the criterion sampling method was used to select three students that would be recruited into the focus group. The focus group that was thus formed was asked to work on the model eliciting activity of the Crime Problem and the entire process was recorded on video. A written transcript was made of the video recording, after which the recording and the students' worksheets were analyzed using the Blum and Ferri modeling cycle. The results of the study revealed that over the course of the process, the students tested the hypotheses related to daily life that they had set up, generated ideas of their own, verified their models by making connections with real life, and tried to make their models generalizable. On the other hand, the students had difficulty with understanding the problem and interpreting the qualitative data.Biliş ve biliş-ötesi düşünme süreçlerini içeren model ve modelleme yaklaşımlarının öğrencilere okulun ilk yıllarından yükseköğrenime kadar her seviyede tanıtılmasının gerekliliği son yıllarda matematik eğitimcileri tarafından oldukça çok vurgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin model oluşturma etkinlikleri üzerinde düşünme süreçlerini inceleyerek eğer varsa bu süreçlerde karşılaşılan güçlükleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırma 2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yılında, Karadeniz bölgesinde büyük bir ilin merkezinde bulunan bir devlet üniversitesine bağlı vakıf kolejinde gerçekleştirilmiş nitel bir çalışmadır. Belirlenen ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerine uygulanan beş haftalık bir ön çalışmanın ardından odak grupta yer alacak üç öğrenci ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Oluşturulan odak gruba model oluşturma etkinliği olan Suç problemi verilerek çalışmaları istenmiş ve tüm süreç video ile kayıt altına alınmıştır. Video kayıtları yazılı olarak çözümlendikten sonra öğrencilerin çalışma kâğıtlarıyla beraber Blum ve Ferri’nin (2009) modelleme döngüsü kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları öğrencilerin süreç boyunca günlük yaşamla ilişkili varsayımları denedikleri, fikirler ürettikleri, modellerinin doğruluğunu gerçek yaşamla ilişkilendirerek test ettiklerini ve modellerinin genellenebilir olmasına çalıştıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Fakat diğer taraftan süreçte öğrenciler problemi anlama ve nitel veriyi yorumlama gibi bir takım güçlüklerle de karşılaşmışlardır

CHANGEABLE DESIGNS IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION ENVIRONMENTS: SUPPORTING SENSORY DEVELOPMENT AND CREATIVITY

Preschool education has special importance in the development processes of children at 3-6 age, which is the period when the foundations of individual development are established. In this period, the development of children is supported by education and appropriate environmental conditions, and in this context, the quality of the physical environment has great significance in education process. Today, the development of creative thinking of individuals is considered as one of the conditions which improve the standards of societies. Since creative thinking is significantly developed and formed in preschool period, the improvement of children's creativity is considered as one of the objectives of preschool education. In this context, proposes a design approach taking changeability as its basis to support creative thinking of children in preschool environments. This paper is based on the findings of a doctorate thesis, integrating preschool education and architecture, completed by B. Ece Şahin at Uludağ University Department of Architecture, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Neslihan Dostoğlu. The research was carried out with 30 children of age 5 in three public kindergartens in Bursa. Methods used in the study can be described as; discussions through the images of changeable toys, watching a movie about changeability, drawing a desired classroom and discussions held during a computer game where the action of change is experienced. In the research, it has been observed that changeable designs, support mental activity by stimulating feelings, encourage to think differently and to propose new ideas. Changeable designs can be consider as the products of design which trigger imagination. In this context, changeability can evaluate a parameter in designing education environments in order to support creativity in preschool years.  Article visualizations

Synthesis, and Characterization and In-Silico Analysis Against SARS CoV-2 of Novel Benzimidazolium Salts

N-heterocyclic carbene molecules are often used as the main scaffold in pharmaceutical chemistry, and one of the most important of these is benzimidazoles. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Disease-2 is the cause of the ongoing pandemic, and a drug should be developed against this virus. Scientists have been investigated the antiviral effects of many not only known molecules but also new molecules. In this study, reactivity and anti-coronavirus disease properties of new benzimidazole derivative molecules were investigated by theoretical methods. Three new benzimidazole derivative molecules were synthesized and fully characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and, 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopies for this purpose. Density Functional Theory-based calculation methods were used for optimization and frontier orbitals analysis. Also, the interactions of the molecules were evaluated with coronavirus disease main protease, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus main peptidase and the results were compared with the results of well-known anti-viral drugs by molecular docking methods. According to the results, 1-allyl-3-(3-chlorobenzyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolium chloride represent the best result against both main protease and main peptidase enzyme with -6.36 kcal/mol and -8.87 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, three of the molecules were give better binding results than the well-known anti-viral drugs

An examination of the learning strategies used by middle school 7th grade students to learn social studies coursesOrtaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyal bilgiler dersini öğrenmek için kullandıkları öğrenme stratejilerinin incelenmesi

The purpose of this study is to examine the learning strategies used by middle school 7th grade students in learning social science lessons in terms of different variables. The sample of the study consisted of 473 students who were educated in 7th grade of nine middle schools selected randomly from Atakum, Canik and Ilkadım districts of Samsun province (Turkey) in the fall semester of 2013-2014 academic year. A survey form was used as data collection tool in the research. In the first part of this questionnaire, there are questions about the demographic characteristics of the sample and in the second part, there is the scale of learning strategies. The data obtained from this measurement was interpreted as being based on the level of use of learning strategies by students participating in the study and in relation to some demographic variables (gender, education and age characteristics of parents) of these learning strategies. The research findings showed that the students who participated in the study use always the working environment strategies, often the attention strategies, occasionally the meaning and the labor management strategies. In addition, it has been found that there is a significant relationship between some demographic variables and the level of learning strategies used by students. Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyal bilgiler dersini öğrenirken kullandıkları öğrenme stratejilerini, farklı değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemini 2013–2014 eğitim öğretim yılı güz döneminde Samsun ili Atakum, Canik ve İlkadım ilçelerinden rastgele seçilen dokuz ortaokulun 7. sınıflarında öğrenim gören 473 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Bu anket formunun birinci bölümünde örneklemin demografik özellikleriyle ilgili sorular, ikinci bölümü ise öğrenme stratejileri ölçeği yer almaktadır. Ölçme aracından elde edilen veriler, çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin öğrenme stratejilerini kullanma düzeyleri ve bunların bazı demografik değişkenlerle (cinsiyet ve ebeveynlerin eğitim ve yaş özellikleri) ilişkisi çerçevesinde yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin çalışma ortamı stratejilerini her zaman, dikkat stratejilerini sık sık, anlamlandırma ve emek yönetimi stratejilerini ise ara sıra kullandıklarını göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra öğrencilerin kullandıkları öğrenme stratejilerinin düzeyi ile bazı demografik değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir

A case of bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with covid-19 pneumonia

One of the rare complications of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which can present with different clinical pictures, is pneumothorax. In our case, a patient who did not have predisposing risk factors for pneumothorax such as a history of trauma, smoking, past intubations, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and who developed bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax while under treatment with the diagnosis of COVID-19 is presented. Acute worsening in COVID-19 patients may be due to primary disease or pulmonary embolism. With this case, we emphasize the importance of considering spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acute clinical deterioration

Rate of history of tuberculosis among healthcare workers in Turkey: A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: Healthcare workers (HCWs) possess a high risk for both latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active disease. This study aimed to investigate tuberculosis (TB) disease history in hospital staff working in healthcare institutions in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 460 HCWs employed in 5 hospitals in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Between May 01 and July 31, 2016, the participants were asked to answer a questionnaire, including data about TB history. The data about family TB history, Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, or tuberculin skin test (TST) application before starting work were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 460 participants, 69.3% were women (n=319) and 30.7% (n=141) were men. The mean age was 32 (17-63) years. A total of 8 participants (1.7 %) had TB history. There was no statistically significant relationship between TB history and age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, or presence of comorbidities (p>0.05 for all variables); family history of TB (p0.05). The duration of work (years) was higher in participants with a TB history. The p value was very close but did not reach the limits of significance (p=0.059). CONCLUSION: In this study, the rate of TB among HCWs was 1.7% (8 of 460 HCWs). Family history of TB and TST positivity are strong predictors of TB in HCWs

Thyroid gland disease as a comorbid condition in COPD

Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease is characterized by progressive airway inflammation, which not only affects the airways but also has systemic effects that are associated with comorbidities. Although comorbid conditions such as hypertension and coronary artery disease are very well-known in COPD patients, diseases of the thyroid gland have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, thyroid diseases are not considered among the comorbid conditions of COPD. The purpose of this study was to determine the thyroid gland disease (TGD) prevalence in COPD and associated factors. Materials and Method. The study included 309 (297 (96%) male) patients. The patients were subjected to spirometry and thyroid function tests (TFT) in the stable period. The thyroid gland disease they were diagnosed with was recorded after face-to-face meetings and examining their files. Results. The mean age of the patients who were included in the study was 65.9 +/- 9.8 (40-90). Thyroid disease was determined in 68 (22%) individuals. There were hypothyroidism in 7 (2%), euthyroidism in 45 (15%), and hyperthyroidism in 16 (%5) patients. No relationship was found between the severity of airflow limitation and the prevalence of TGD. Conclusion. Thyroid abnormalities are commonly observed in COPD. The most frequently encountered TGDs are euthyroid multinodular goiter, euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS), and toxic multinodular goiter

EKLEMELİ İMALAT İÇİN TOPOLOJİ OPTİMİZASYONU: EL FRENİ MEKANİZMASI UYGULAMASI

EKLEMELİ İMALAT İÇİN TOPOLOJİ OPTİMİZASYONU: EL FRENİ MEKANİZMASI UYGULAMASIÖzetÜretimi gerçekleştirilecek bir tasarımı, çok fonksiyonlu, mukavemeti yüksek ve hafif bir hale dönüştürmek tüm tasarımcı ve mühendislerin beklentisidir. Topoloji optimizasyonu, bu doğrultuda uygulanan optimizasyon tekniklerinden biridir. Topoloji optimizasyonu ile karmaşık geometriye sahip, kafesli yapıdaki parçaların elde edilmesi mümkündür. Yeni tasarlanan veya mevcutta var olan bir katı model üzerine kısıtlamalar getirilerek, kuvvet uygulanır. Optimizasyon işleminin tamamlanmasından sonra malzeme dağılımı optimize edilmiş, hafif ve çok fonksiyonlu ürünler elde edilebilir. Ancak karmaşık yapıdaki bu parçaların geleneksel imalat yöntemleri ile üretimi imkansızdır. Model üzerinde bir takım değişiklikler yapılması gerekir ve bu durum tasarımcılarının özgürlüğünü kısıtlar. Günümüzde kullanımı giderek artan eklemeli imalat teknolojileri ile karmaşık geometrideki parçalar tek işlem basamağında üretilebilmektedir. Bu teknolojilerin kullanımı, topoloji optimizasyonu sonucu elde edilen parçaların üretimini mümkün kılar. Bu çalışma kapsamında, fren braketinin topoloji optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilerek ideal forma ulaşması ve malzeme dağılımının düzenlemesiyle hafiflemesi sağlanmıştır. İşlem sonrası elde edilen parçanın eklemeli imalat yöntemlerinden biri olan Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) yöntemi ile destek parça kullanılmadan, modelin tamamlanmasından sonra ekstra bir işleme gerek olmaksızın üretimi planlanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Yapısal optimizasyon, Topoloji optimizasyonu, Eklemeli imalat teknolojileri, Seçici lazer sinterleme (SLS).TOPOLOGY OPTMIZATION FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: AN APPLICATION ON HANDBRAKE MECHANISMAbstractIt is in the expectation of all designers and engineers to turn a design that will be produced, multifunctional, with high strength and light weight. Topology optimization is one of the optimization techniques applied in this direction. With topology optimization, it is possible to obtain parts with complex geometries and lattice structures. The force is applied by imposing restrictions on a newly designed or existing solid model. After the optimization process is completed, the material distribution is optimized, light and multifunctional products can be obtained. However, it is impossible to produce these complex parts with conventional manufacturing methods. A number of modifications have to be made to the model and this restricts the freedom of designers. With the increasing use of additive manufacturing technologies, parts in complex geometry can be produced in a single process step. The use of these technologies makes it possible to produce parts obtained as a result of topology optimization. Within the scope of this study, it was ensured that the handbrake bracket was optimized with topology optimization and reached the ideal form and the material distribution was alleviated. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) method, which is one of the additive manufacturing methods of the part obtained after the process, is planned to be produced without any additional parts after the completion of the model.Keywords; Structural optimization, Topology optimization, Additive manufacturing technologies, Selective laser sintering (SLS)

DOKU MÜHENDİSLİĞİNDE YAPAY KEMİK İSKELESİ TASARIMI

DOKU MÜHENDİSLİĞİNDE YAPAY KEMİK İSKELESİ TASARIMI ÖzetHasarlı kemik yapılarının onarımı için farklı uygulamalar gerçekleştirilse de günümüzde daha çok kemiğin yeniden üretim yöntemlerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu nedenle doku mühendisliği alanında son yıllarda yürütülen çalışmalar yapay kemik iskelesi tasarımı ve üretimi üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Yapay kemik iskelesi üretiminde yüksek gözeneklilik oranı, gözenekler arası bağlar, kullanılan malzemenin dayanımı ve biyouyumlu olması önemli hususlar arasındadır. Doku mühendisliği çalışmalarında kimyasal gaz köpürtme, membran laminasyon, kalıplama, partikül süzme gibi geleneksel yaklaşımlarla yapay kemik üretimi yöntemleri halen yaygın olarak kullanılsa da eklemeli imalat yaklaşımlarının kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Günümüzde hızlı prototipleme teknolojileri ile karmaşık geometrideki yüksek gözenekli kemik iskelesi yapıları, tek işlem basamağında kolaylıkla üretilebilmekte, gözenek sayısı ve boyutlarının kontrolü hassas bir şekilde yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, doku mühendisliğinde yapay kemik iskelesi tasarım ve üretimi süreçlerinde kullanılan klasik ve yeni nesil yapay kemik iskelesi tasarım yaklaşımları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, üç boyutlu (3B) baskı teknolojileri ile baskı alınmasında kemik iskelesini oluşturan hücresel birimlerin ve kemik iskele yapılarının oluşturulmasında kullanılan yöntemler ele alınmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Doku mühendisliği, Yapay kemik iskelesi, 3B baskıARTIFICIAL BONE SCAFFOLD DESIGN IN TISSUE ENGINEERINGAbstractAlthough different applications have been carried out for the repair of damaged bone structures, nowadays mostly focus on bone regeneration methods. Therefore, recent studies in the field of tissue engineering focus on artificial bone scaffolding design and production. High porosity rate, inter-pore bonding, strength and biocompatibility of materials used in artificial scaffold production are among the important issues. Although traditional methods such as chemical gas foaming, membrane lamination, molding, particle leaching and artificial bone production methods are still widely used in tissue engineering studies, the use of additive manufacturing approaches is becoming widespread. Nowadays, high-porous bone scaffolding structures of complex geometry can be produced easily in a single process step and precise control of pore number and dimensions can be made with rapid prototyping technologies. In this study, classical and new generation artificial bone scaffold design approaches used in tissue engineering in artificial bone scaffolding design and production processes are examined. In this study, the methods used to construct the cellular units and bone scaffold structures forming the bone scaffold for printing with three dimensional (3D) printing technologies are discussed.Keywords; Tissue engineering, Artificial bone scaffold, 3D printin