Oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis literature review

Sistemik sklerozun etyopatogenezi iyi bilinmemektedir ve başlangıç dönemindeki endotel hasarında oksidatif stresin rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Sistemik sklerozda ve Raynaud fenomeninde, antioksidan potansiyalde azalma ve dolaşımdaki serbest radikallerde artma tesbit edilmiştir. Oksidatif stresi saptamak için aşırı miktarda serbest radikal üretildiğini ve/veya antioksidan eksikliğini göstermek gerekir. Sistemik sklerozlu hastalarda plazma antioksidan enzim düzeylerindeki azalmanın nedeni bilinmemektedir. Antioksidanların intermediate metabolizmasındaki değişiklikler veya sık Raynaud fenomeni epizotlarını takiben ortaya çıkan hipoksi tarafından antioksidanların tüketilmesi neden olabilir. ıskeminin kendisi özellikle de hipoksiyle birlikteyse doku hasarına neden olabilir. Aktive olmuş oksijen türevleri hasarı hem başlatıp hem de ilerlemesine neden olurlar. Endotel hücrelerinin fonksiyonel bozukluğu en çok hastalığın erken dönemlerinde ortaya çıkar.Etiopathogenesis of systemic sclerosis is not well-known and oxidative stress has been supposed to play a role in the endothelial damage at the initial phase of the disease. In systemic sclerosis and Raynaud phenomenon, decrease in antioxidant potential and increase in the free radicals were detected in circulation. It is necessary to show production of excess amounts of free radicals or deficiency of antioxidants to detect oxidative stress. In patients with systemic sclerosis, the etiology of decrease in the antioxidant enzymes is unknown. Changes in the intermediate metabolism of antioxidants or consumption of antioxidants caused by hypoxia which is induced by Raynaud phenomenon may be the cause. Ischemia itself, especially if it is together with hypoxia may cause tissue damage. Endothelial cell dysfunction occurs especially at early stages of the disease

THE EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST ON GROWRTH AND NUTRIENT ELEMENT CONTENT OF TOMATOES AND PEPPERS

Kompost konusundaki çalışmalarda vermikompost yönetiminin kentsel ve endüstriyel organik atıkların geri kazanımı, tükettiğimiz sebze ve meyvelerin, sağlıklı ve doğal olabilmesi için önemli bir gübre olan vermikompost materyalinin son yıllarda yapılan birçok çalışmada önemi ortaya konulmuştur. Açık koşullarda tesadüfi deneme desenine göre yerleştirilen, 2000 g’lık saksılarda yürütülen bu çalışmada; vermikompost V1:% 0 (kontrol), V2:%5 (100 g), V3:%10 (200 g), V4:%20 (400 g), V5:%30 (600 g) miktarlarda uygulanarak biber ve domates üzerindeki gelişimine etkisinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmada domates bitkisinde N, P, Zn, Cu, Mg elementleri ile biber bitkisinde N, P, Mg elementleri arasında pozitif (+) yönde ilişki gözlemlenmiştir. Potasyum değeri domates bitkisinde % 30’luk dozda en yüksek değer % 0,62 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Biber bitkisinde ise % 20’lik dozda en yüksek potasyum değeri % 7,35 bulunmuştur. Domates bitkisinde çinko elementinde en yüksek değer olarak 58 mgkg-1 iken biber bitkisinde çinko değeri ise 34 mgkg-1 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan regresyon analizleri sonucunda Domates bitkisi için Vermikompost konuları ile Mangan (Mn) bitki besin elementi arasında R2=0,958 oranında güçlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Biber bitkisinde ise uygulanan vermikompost miktarları ile besin elementi içeriği arasında en güçlü ilişki R2=0,885 ile Magnezyum bitki besin elementi arasında görülmüştür.Compost their studies in vermicompost management of urban and industrial organic waste recycling, the food consumed in fruits and vegetables, in a study in which a major fertilizer to be healthy and natural vermicompost material in recent years has revealed the importance. According to the random test patterns placed in open conditions, potted in this study conducted in 2000 kg; vermicompost V1:0% (control), V2:5% (100 g), V3:10% (200 g), V4:20% (400 g), V5:30% (600 g) did vermikompos applied in amounts aimed to compare the effect of growth on pepper and tomato. In this study done on tomato plants, N, P, Zn, Cu, N and Mg elements in the pepper plant, P, Mg elements in the positive (+) direction relationship was observed. Potassium values tomato plant 30 % at the highest dose were calculated 0,62 %. Pepper plants in the 20 % at the highest dose of potassium values were 7,35 %. Tomato plants at the highest value of elemental zinc as zinc 58 mgkg-1, while the value of pepper plants was found to be 34 mgkg-1. As a result of the regression analyzes made, a strong correlation was found between the Vermicompost topics for tomato plants and Manganese (Mn) plant nutrients at R2 = 0.958. In the pepper plant, the strongest correlation between the amount of vermicompost applied and the nutrient content was found between the magnesium nutrient element and R2 = 0.885

Assessment of left ventricular function by tissue Doppler imaging in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (ASp)is a chronic, inflammatory and systemic disease affecting pericardium, myocardium and the conduction system of the heart. In this study, we aimed to analyse left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). 30 patients with ASp and 30 healthy volunteers having the similar demographic characteristics were included. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were assessed by using two dimensional (2D) echocardiography, M-mode, pulsed-wave (PW) and tissue Doppler echocardiography. The peak systolic velocity (Sm), early diastolic myocardial peak velocity (m), late diastolic myocardial peak velocity (Am), isovolumic acceleration (IVA), myocardial precontraction time (PCTm), myocardial contraction time (CTm), myocardial relaxation time (RTm), and myocardial performance index (MPI) were measured at septal and lateral mitral annulus. In conventional echocardiography, end-diastolic interventricular septum and posterior wall diameters were higher in patients with ASp than the control group. The ratio of E/A was significantly lower and deceleration time was significantly prolonged in patients with ASp, but mitral E and A velocities, isovolumic relaxation time and MPI were similar in patient and control group (P>0.05). Left ventricular lateral and septal wall tissue Doppler echocardiography showed that Em, Em/Am ratio and CTm were significantly lower, IVRTm was longer and MPI was higher in patients with ASp. No significant differences were detected between the groups for IVA, Sm, Am, PCTm, PCTm/CTm ratio (P>0.05). We have demonstrated that in patients with ASp, diastolic functions were impaired but systolic functions were preserved by using TDI