BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN SPINE

The paper presents biomechanics of the human spine. The vertebrae of the spine are described, including basic differentiation between vertebrae depending on theirs placement in the spine. The intervertebral discs are depicted. Curvatures of the spine are presented, followed by the basic biomechanics, including a movability of the spine and an influence of body posture on the spine

THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SOCKET INLAYS OF THE HIP ENDOPROSTHESIS

The paper presents results of the preliminary structural analysis of socket inlays model of the endoprosthesis of the hip joint. Basics of anatomy and biomechanical analysis of the hip joint were introduced. The prototype of socket inlay of the hip endoprosthesis was modeled using Solid Edge ST8 software. After determining physical properties of structural materials for socket inlays, the Finite Elements Analysis of the model was conducted using SolidWorks software under various load conditions. Finally the results of analysis were presented

BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN HAND

The paper provides basic information on human hand's anatomical structure with the location of joints and consequent types of achievable movements. The biomechanics of the human hand is described using two different kinematic models of the hand. The differences between the models are described. The Schlesinger's classification of movements of the human hand is introduce

DETERMINATION OF A GROUND REACTION FORCE AFFECTING HUMAN BODY DURING JUMP

The article presents a study on calculating the ground reaction force, which affects the human body during landing after the jump. A basic, one mass model of human body and an equation of movement are presented in the paper. The model for the studies was created in Adams software and the study on a change of the ground reaction force was performed by using different values of height and mass

От словаря к терминологической системе

The article presents the range of lexicographic work in a historical context until the breakthrough moment in lexicography i.e. the decision of the publishers of the Encyclopedia Britannica to offer their product only in digital version. This fact closes certain period in the history of lexicography and it is a good starting point to present an original concept of «terminological system» as a universal database which may be the basis of a variety of dictionaries on different subjects.The article refers to earlier publication, it combines earlier presented concepts in order to offer a consistent and relatively comprehensive approach to the issues of contemporary lexicography.В первой части статьи указан очерк лексикографических работ в историческом контексте, законченный переломным моментом в лексикографии т. е. объявлением решения владельцами энциклопедии Britannica о переходе всех ее ресурсов исключительно в сеть Интернет. С настоящего момента энциклопедия будет доступна только в электронной версии. Этот факт символически подытоживает прежний период в истории лексикографии и представляет собой введение к авторской концепции „терминологической системы”, т.е. универсальной базы данных, составляющей основу для разнообразных по тематике и конструкции словарей. Статья ссылается непосредственно на предыдущие публикации, соединяя указанные тезисы в сплоченный обзор вопросов современной лексикографии.Uniwersytet Warszawsk

BIOMECHANICS OF THE UPPER LIMB

The article presents basics of the human upper limb’s anatomy, including skeletal system, joints and basic division of muscles in the limb. The biomechanics of the upper limb is introduced. The range of performed motions is depicted. The possible applications of anatomy and biomechanics of the upper limb are shown

THE STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BONE

The work contains basic information on the anatomy and physiology of bone tissue. Basic concepts related to the structure of bone tissue are presented. General issues related to bone reconstruction processes and biomechanical structural adaptations processes were described. Mechanical parameters of bone tissue were presented

USEFULNESS OF RAPID PROTOTYPING IN PLANNING COMPLEX TRAUMA SURGERIES

Orthopaedic trauma surgery is a complex surgical speciality in which anatomy, physiology and physics are mixed. Proper diagnosing and based on that planning and performing surgery is of crucial matter. This article presents usefulness of 3D reconstruction in diagnostics and surgical planning. It focuses on utility of computed tomography reconstruction in trauma surgery. Moreover, two cases in which this technique was used is described. Complex 3D reconstruction proved its usefulness and in future it may become a modality of choice for planning complex trauma procedures in which standard implants and approaches are insufficient.&nbsp

Simulation of an aircraft radial engine misfire detection

The misfire phenomenon is particularly unfavourable in aircraft engines because it affects the stability and reliability of work. This paper presents the algorithm for detecting ignition failure in a radial aircraft engine. The Crankshaft Velocity Fluctuation method was applied, which consists in analysing changes in the crankshaft speed signal as a function of time. A zero-dimensional model of the aircraft engine was developed in order to perform the research. The validation of the model was performed using the results from the test bench. The model was subjected to simulation tests in fixed operating conditions. Based on the engine speed signal obtained as a result of the simulation, the normalized second derivative of the signal was determined based on the adopted algorithm. On the basis of this derivative, a criterion was defined to assess the occurrence of the misfire phenomenon. The results of the calculations can be compared in future with the results of the real engine tests

THE DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE ENDOPROSTHESIS OF THE HIP JOINT

The paper presents results of the preliminary structural analysis of model of the endoprosthesis of the hip joint. Basics of anatomy and biomecha-nical analysis of the hip joint were introduced. Based on data from atlas of human anatomy and medical imaging, the prototype of endoprosthesis was modelled using Solid Edge ST8 software. After determining physical properties of structural materials, the Finite Elements Analysis of the model was conducted using in SolidWorks software under various load conditions. Finally the results of analysis are presented