Transfer im Fremdsprachenunterricht aus didaktischer Sicht

Transfer im Fremdsprachenunterricht aus didaktischer Sich

Wie viel Reflexion braucht der Fremdsprachenlerner?

This paper attempts to answer the question about the scope of reflection in foreign language teaching. The starting point is the assumption that through reflection on language and its use one can support language learning processes. The above considerations apply to the learner's perspective and they relate to process of fostering the development of language awareness and cultural awareness. Additionally, the article contains a list of instruments whose function is to facilitate student reflection in the process of developing learning awareness. At the end selected factors determining the scope of reflection in learning a foreign language are indicated.This paper attempts to answer the question about the scope of reflection in foreign language teaching. The starting point is the assumption that through reflection on language and its use one can support language learning processes. The above considerations apply to the learner's perspective and they relate to process of fostering the development of language awareness and cultural awareness. Additionally, the article contains a list of instruments whose function is to facilitate student reflection in the process of developing learning awareness. At the end selected factors determining the scope of reflection in learning a foreign language are indicated.

Informationen und Berichte

„Nur eine Fußnote der Geschichte – bleibt? Gegenlesarten.“ Małkocin, 19.-21.11.2010 „Fremdsprachenunterricht – omnimedial?“ Internationale Tagung. Poznań, 25.-26.3.2011 „Sich-Erinnern ist gegen den Strom schwimmen ‒ Christa Wolf und ihr Werk“. Wissenschaftlicher Workshop am Zentrum für Deutschsprachige Gegenwartsliteratur und Medien an der Universität Zielona Góra, 16.-18.6.2011 &nbsp

Butterfly responses to environmental factors in fragmented calcareous grasslands

Although there is much research showing a strong negative effect of habitat fragmentation and deterioration on the viability of different insect populations and on species richness, the effect of fragmentation is modified by other local and landscape factors. One of the most substantial gaps in knowledge is whether species are similar in their response to the same environmental factors and if their response mirrors response of the entire community. From the conservation point of view this knowledge is of primary importance in planning conservation actions, yet these studies are rare. In this paper we test the relative effects of habitat patch and landscape characteristics on butterflies inhabiting calcareous grasslands in southern Poland. Butterfly species richness and abundance were positively affected by patch size and wind shelter. In the case of species richness there was also a positive effect of plant species richness. Butterfly diversity was enhanced in wind sheltered patches, and commonness (non-rarity) enhanced by distance to buildings and by shorter vegetation. Multivariate analysis suggested differences in the responses of individual species to the examined environmental variables, with some species more responsive to patch size and shelter and others to sward height. The conservation of butterfly communities requires sensible and complex management to ensure high habitat diversity. The most important challenge for future studies on calcareous grasslands is to formulate a model of management that guarantees high species richness and conservation of each individual species

Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 OPEN ACCESS Difference on cone size preferences between two coniferous species by Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major)

ABSTRACT The number of species that specialize in pre-dispersal seed predation is relatively small. Examples of specialized pre-dispersal seed predators adapted to feeding on closed cones include vertebrate species like Crossbills, Squirrels, Nutcrackers and Woodpeckers. Seed predation selects against certain phenotypic features of cones and favors another phenotypic features. In this study, we document preferences of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) for specific traits in the cones of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). We found that the Great Spotted Woodpecker prefers to feed on medium sized Norway spruce cones. The results suggest a disruptive selection that favors the extreme cone lengths in Norway spruce. In Scots pine, the woodpeckers avoided cones with large apophyses. Further, the selectivity for the specific characteristics of the cones is probably related to the configuration of the anvil, a place at which woodpeckers extract seeds from the cones. We think that the Great Spotted Woodpecker preferences in relation to the morphological characteristics of cones are a key to the design of the anvil in order to maximize the use of it as a tool for processing cones of both the Norway spruce and the Scots pine

Winter Bird Assemblages in Rural and Urban Environments: A National Survey

Urban development has a marked effect on the ecological and behavioural traits of many living organisms, including birds. In this paper, we analysed differences in the numbers of wintering birds between rural and urban areas in Poland. We also analysed species richness and abundance in relation to longitude, latitude, human population size, and landscape structure. All these parameters were analysed using modern statistical techniques incorporating species detectability. We counted birds in 156 squares (0.25 km2 each) in December 2012 and again in January 2013 in locations in and around 26 urban areas across Poland (in each urban area we surveyed 3 squares and 3 squares in nearby rural areas). The influence of twelve potential environmental variables on species abundance and richness was assessed with Generalized Linear Mixed Models, Principal Components and Detrended Correspondence Analyses. Totals of 72 bird species and 89,710 individual birds were recorded in this study. On average (±SE) 13.3 ± 0.3 species and 288 ± 14 individuals were recorded in each square in each survey. A formal comparison of rural and urban areas revealed that 27 species had a significant preference; 17 to rural areas and 10 to urban areas. Moreover, overall abundance in urban areas was more than double that of rural areas. There was almost a complete separation of rural and urban bird communities. Significantly more birds and more bird species were recorded in January compared to December. We conclude that differences between rural and urban areas in terms of winter conditions and the availability of resources are reflected in different bird communities in the two environments