St. Irenaeus and his arguments against the Gnostics

This article presents St. Irenaeus and characterizes his literary work. The origins of Gnosticism are discussed and the main leaders of this movement at the turn of the third century are presented. Next, the places in which St. Irenaeus reveals orthodox teaching when combating Gnostic views, which threatened the existence of the Church, are outlined. These points concern anthropology, the theory of recapitulation, and the Tradition and apostolicity of the Church. While exposing the Gnostic’s false teaching, St. Irenaeus bears witness to the true teaching of the Church.Artykuł przedstawia postać św. Ireneusza i charakteryzuje jego dzieła literackie. Omówiona została geneza gnostycyzmu i ukazani zostali główni przedstawiciele tego nurtu okresu przełomu II/III w. Następnie zostały przedstawione punkty, w których św. Ireneusz zwalczając poglądy gnostyków jako zagrażające bytowi Kościoła ukazuje prawowierną naukę. Te punkty dotyczą: antropologii, teorii rekapitulacji, tradycji i apostolskości Kościoła. Św. Ireneusz demaskując fałszywe nauczanie gnostyków dał wykład prawdziwej nauki koś[email protected]ł Teologiczny, Chrześcijańska Akademia Teologiczna w Warszawie, PolskaIreneusz z Lyonu, Wykład Nauki Apostolskiej, wstęp, przekład i opracowanie W. Myszor, Kraków 1997.Ireneusz z Lyonu, Adversus haereses (Contra haereses) P.G. 7, 437- 1224 (Tłumaczenie fragmentów w j. polskim: A. Bober, Antologia patrystyczna, Kraków 1965; M. Michalski, Antologia literatury patrystycznej, Warszawa 1975; Ireneusz z Lyonu, Chwała Boga żyjący człowiek, wybór tekstów i opracowanie J. Comby, D Singels, tłum. W. Myszor, Kraków 1999; Ireneusz z Lyonu, Bóg w Ciele i Krwi, wybór tekstów i wprowadzenie Hans Urs von Balthasar, tłum. W. Myszor, Kraków 2001).Euzebiusz z Cezarei, Historia Kościelna. O męczennikach palestyńskich, tłum. i oprac. A. Lisiecki, POK 3, Poznań 1924 (przedruk, WAM, Kraków 1993).Dekert T., Teoria rekapitulacji Ireneusza z Lyonu w świetle starożytnych koncepcji na temat Adama, Kraków 2007.Drączkowski F., Patrologia, Peplin-Lublin 1999.Myszor W., Gnostycyzm i teologia Ireneusza z Lyonu, Zagadnienie wybrane, Studia Antiquitatis Christianae, Series Nova 11, red. L. Lach-Mbartlik, Katowice 2010.Мейендорф И., Введение в святоотеческое богословие, New York 1985.Quasten J., Initiation aux Pères de l’Église, t. 1, Paris 1955.Tatarkiewicz W., Historia Filozofii, t. I, Warszawa 1988.1714515

Coupling multistable systems: uncertainly due to the initial positions on the attractors.

We consider the coupling of multistable nonidentical systems. For small values of the coupling coefficient the behavior of the coupled system strongly depends on the actual position of trajectories on their attractors in the moment when the coupling is introduced. After reaching the coupling threshold value, this dependence disappears. We give an evidence that this behavior is robust as it exists for a wide range of parameters and different types of coupling. We argue why this behavior cannot be considered as a dependence on the initial conditions

Positron emission tomography neuroimaging in neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Neurodegenerative diseases are a growing problem of ageing societies. Their insidious onset, and the lack of reliable biomarkers, result in significant diagnosis delays. This article summarises the results of studies on the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It focuses on clinical-pathogenetic aspects of individual diseases, as well as disease-specific patterns relevant in differential diagnosis and in assessing the risk of disease development and prognosis

3D numerical simulations of propagating two-fluid, torsional Alfv\'en waves and heating of a partially-ionized solar chromosphere

We present a new insight into the propagation, attenuation and dissipation of two-fluid, torsional Alfv\'en waves in the context of heating of the lower solar atmosphere. By means of numerical simulations of the partially-ionized plasma, we solve the set of two-fluid equations for ion plus electron and neutral fluids in three-dimensional (3D) Cartesian geometry. We implement initially a current-free magnetic field configuration, corresponding to a magnetic flux-tube that is rooted in the solar photosphere and expands into the chromosphere and corona. We put the lower boundary of our simulation region in the low chromosphere, where ions and neutrals begin to decouple, and implement there a monochromatic driver that directly generates Alfv\'en waves with a wave period of 30 s. As the ion-neutral drift increases with height, the two-fluid effects become more significant and the energy carried by both Alfv\'en and magneto-acoustic waves can be thermalized in the process of ion-neutral collisions there. In fact, we observe a significant increase in plasma temperature along the magnetic flux-tube. In conclusion, the two-fluid torsional Alfv\'en waves can potentially play a role in the heating of the solar chromosphere.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Lag Synchronization in Coupled Multistable van der Pol-Duffing Oscillators

We consider the system of externally excited identical van der Pol-Duffing oscillators unidirectionally coupled in a ring. When the coupling is introduced, each of the oscillator’s trajectories is on different attractor. We study the changes in the dynamics due to the increase in the coupling coefficient. Studying the phase of the oscillators, we calculate the parameter value for which we obtain the antiphase lag synchronization of the system and also the bifurcation values for which we observe qualitative changes in the dynamics of already synchronized system. We give evidence that lag synchronization is typical for coupled multistable systems

From the linear to the circular literary communication and from there to silence (On the situation in the modern literary doctrines)

This paper is a part of a whole which will be published later in a book. The first section concerns ambiguities of contemporary terms: "communication", "literature", "literary communication". The second part is devoted to the turn from linearity to circularity in the philosophy of Jaspers and Heidegger. The third part - to the same turn in sociology of Habermas and Luhmann. The fourth part - not included here - examins the turn to circularity in hermeneutics, Marxism, structuralism and deconstruction. The last part contains the outlook on the future of literary theory and literary scholarship.This paper is a part of a whole which will be published later in a book. The first section concerns ambiguities of contemporary terms: "communication", "literature", "literary communication". The second part is devoted to the turn from linearity to circularity in the philosophy of Jaspers and Heidegger. The third part - to the same turn in sociology of Habermas and Luhmann. The fourth part - not included here - examins the turn to circularity in hermeneutics, Marxism, structuralism and deconstruction. The last part contains the outlook on the future of literary theory and literary scholarship