Development and Characterization of Experimental Autoimmune Cystitis (EAC)

Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome(IC/PBS) is a chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder, consisting of irritative voiding symptoms frequent and urgent urination and pain referred to the pelvic region or the bladder upon filling, lack of other pathology. The pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis (IC) is enigmatic. The impaired urothelium of bladder and autoimmunity might lead the underlying pathology. One of the shortcomings in IC/PBS research has been the lack of an appropriate animal model. In the current study, we show that the bladder specific Uroplakin 3A (UPK3A)-derived immunogenic UPK3A 65-84 peptide is capable of targeting experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC) in BALB/c mice. We determined an immunogenic peptide from the known sequence of UPK3A based on having the binding motif for IAd MHC class II molecules expressed in BALB/c mice. The highly antigen-specific proliferative response to UPK3A 65-84 was determined by proliferation assays. Active immunization with the UPK3A 65-84 peptide resulted in increased micturition frequency and decreased urine output per micturition by FVC along with the increased pelvic pain response to von Frey Filaments, and decrease intercontractile intervals, bladder compliance and bladder capacity in CMG after 5 weeks of immunization compared to control group.The recall responses of LNC to UPK3A 65-84 showed selectively activated CD4+ T-cells with a proinflammatory Th1-like phenotype. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that immunization with UPK3A 65-84 peptide resulted in T-cell infiltration of the bladder. The ratio of bladder weight to body weight was increased in EAC mice simply showing bladder inflammation. The elevated gene expression levels of TNF-a, IFN-y, IL-17A, and IL-1ß were confined to the bladder but not in other organs. T-cell induction of EAC was identified by showing significantly increased micturition frequency and decreased output per micturition by FVC along with the increased pelvic pain response to von Frey monofilament stimulus a

Development and Characterization of Experimental Autoimmune Cystitis (EAC)

Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome(IC/PBS) is a chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder, consisting of irritative voiding symptoms frequent and urgent urination and pain referred to the pelvic region or the bladder upon filling, lack of other pathology. The pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis (IC) is enigmatic. The impaired urothelium of bladder and autoimmunity might lead the underlying pathology. One of the shortcomings in IC/PBS research has been the lack of an appropriate animal model. In the current study, we show that the bladder specific Uroplakin 3A (UPK3A)-derived immunogenic UPK3A 65-84 peptide is capable of targeting experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC) in BALB/c mice. We determined an immunogenic peptide from the known sequence of UPK3A based on having the binding motif for IAd MHC class II molecules expressed in BALB/c mice. The highly antigen-specific proliferative response to UPK3A 65-84 was determined by proliferation assays. Active immunization with the UPK3A 65-84 peptide resulted in increased micturition frequency and decreased urine output per micturition by FVC along with the increased pelvic pain response to von Frey Filaments, and decrease intercontractile intervals, bladder compliance and bladder capacity in CMG after 5 weeks of immunization compared to control group.The recall responses of LNC to UPK3A 65-84 showed selectively activated CD4+ T-cells with a proinflammatory Th1-like phenotype. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that immunization with UPK3A 65-84 peptide resulted in T-cell infiltration of the bladder. The ratio of bladder weight to body weight was increased in EAC mice simply showing bladder inflammation. The elevated gene expression levels of TNF-a, IFN-y, IL-17A, and IL-1ß were confined to the bladder but not in other organs. T-cell induction of EAC was identified by showing significantly increased micturition frequency and decreased output per micturition by FVC along with the increased pelvic pain response to von Frey monofilament stimulus a

Cross-Border M&As by Swedish Firms

Title: Cross-Border M&As by Swedish Firms Author: Filip Izgi Supervisor: Ola Bengtsson Purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to examine acquiring firm’s abnormal behavior of cross-border and domestic M&A announcements, as a factor of cultural differences. The secondary purpose is to investigate if abnormal behavior is influenced by pre-determined control-variables: method of payment and industry. Method: The study was conducted through a short-term Event Study. I investigated a total of 86 diversified, domestic and cross-border, acquisition announcements between the years 2000 – 2012. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that M&A announcements have different effects on stock performance depending on cultural differences, method of payment and the industry the corporations operate in. The result aren’t statistically significant but they are highly consistent with theories such as the pecking order theory, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and the market efficiency hypothesis were domestic acquisitions’ performs better than cross-border acquisitions, cash acquisitions performs better than stock acquisitions and the industry shows a clear indication of inefficient markets

Politics of the Project: Radical Art in Britain (1972-79)

The 1970s saw collaboration and local, grass-roots activism become common in radical art in Britain. Concomitant with anti-racist, anti-sexist and anti-nuclear efforts, a group of Leftist artists challenged social and financial elitism, patriarchy and inequality in both the art world and British society by producing praxis-led artist projects in lieu of art objects. However, the reception and analysis of 1970s artist projects in general (and in Britain in particular) is still very limited. As a result the post-1989 period is widely cited as the dawn of artist projects in contemporary accounts. This thesis challenges such oversights by arguing that the ‘artist project’ emerged in the 1970s. It illuminates the 1970s artistic practice of project-making through a detailed historiography of projects created in Britain during that decade. The socially-driven art practice of the 1970s is contextualized by providing an historical account of the socio-political situation in Britain in the 1970s and the major social shifts that it entailed (such as the 1970 Equal Pay Act, Industrial Relations Act of 1971, the implementation of a three-day week, rising unemployment, strikes and riots). By recovering projects that have been marginalised within the art historical canon this thesis defines the character of the ‘artist project’ and demonstrates its significance within socially-orientated art practice. This definition is derived empirically through an analysis of three major artist projects as well as an examination of the Artist’s Union (1972-83) which initially brought these left-leaning artists together and thereby set the stage for the artist projects which followed. The three focal projects are: The West London Social Resource Project (1972) by Stephen Willats (which sought to expand the remit and reach of art and the social territory in which it physically operates by inviting the residents of four different neighbourhoods in West London to respond to questions about their immediate as well as wider physical and social environments); Women and Work: A Document on the Division of Labour in Industry 1973-75 [1973-75] by Margaret Harrison, Kay Fido Hunt and Mary Kelly (a collaborative in-depth study that the artists conducted at the Metal Box Co. in Bermondsey to document the past history and the present working conditions of women in the tin box industry); and The Peterlee Project (1976-77) by Stuart Brisley (who worked with local miners in an effort to empower them in building their own community in the new town of Peterlee). Characterised by a new type of artistic thinking, these projects were also informed by academic and commercial disciplines such as sociology, anthropology and communications. The thesis explores the collaborative thrust and shared radically reformist socio- political agenda operative within artist projects in Britain during the 1970s and demonstrates the way that they employed direct action to change the parameters of art, incorporating instigation, discussion and generative processes directly into its production. These projects expanded the reach and breadth of artistic practice as a means not only to challenge but also to seek to remedy the disillusionment caused by the shortcomings of the modernist agenda in art and society, including the promises of the welfare state in Britain

Resilience of rural settlement morphology dynamics: The case of Kargalı district (village)

In this study, the term resilience has been examined in terms of ecological, economic, and cultural parameters specific to residential areas. Recently, changing needs and increasing the speed of change due to developing technology are reflected as internal and external threats to residential areas. Change is inevitable for each parameter over time, but it can also pose a threat to the morphology and identity of residential areas. The buffer zone to be created by the residential areas against this threat reduces the severity of the incoming impact and revises it and provides the adaptation of identity and morphology dynamics to the new situation with its resilience. In the first part of the study, the identity of the settlements and the resilience factor against change/transformation threats are explained according to the definitions in the literature. In the second part, the dynamics of rural settlement morphology are defined and the effect of rural resistance on the dynamics is presented. In the last part, a stratification analysis is made according to certain year intervals over the Kargalı district (village) of the Polatlı District of Ankara. The sample was analyzed in terms of rural area, road traces, environmental location relations, structural boundaries, landmarks, and the changes/transformations of all these morphology dynamics over time, its resilience, and adaptation/mutation processes. The effects and possible results of the resilience of rural settlements for sustainable rural settlement, which are more affected by similar internal or external threats than urban, on the dynamics of settlement morphology and resident over time, constitute the desired findings of the study

Rogue waves and solitons of the generalized modified nonlinear Schrodinger equations

Many applications of the classical nonlinear Schrodinger equations with cubic and power nonlinearity are seen in nonlinear optics, plasma physics, superconductivity, propagation of the electric field in optical fibers, self-focusing and collapse of Langmuir waves in plasma physics, to model deep water waves and freak waves in the ocean.Objectives: In this paper, the generalized form of the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation is proposed with various nonlinearities.Methods: Bernoulli equation method, which is one of the ansatz-based methods, is considered to be obtained as the novel soliton solutions of the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation with various nonlinearities.Results: With the view of the results, new improvements can happen for applications of the model.(c) 2023 International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

British colonial education policy : the orientalist- evangelist controversy in India (1780-1835)

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.On dokuzuncu yüzyıl İngiliz eğitim politikalarının Hindistan'da yürürlüğe girmesi hasebiyle Hindistan eğitim tarihinde mühim bir dönüm noktasıdır. Ticari faaliyetler için on yedinci yüzyılda itibaren Hindistan alt-kıtasına ulaşan İngiliz tüccarları, İngiliz Doğu Hindistan Şirketi'nin himayesinde ticari alanda önemli bir güç haline geldiler. Ancak on sekizinci yüzyılın ikinci yarsından itibaren Şirket, ticari faaliyetlerin yanı sıra Hindistan'daki siyasi çekişmelere de müdahil olmaya başladı. Bu tarihten sonra İngiliz yöneticiler, Fransız ve yerel güçlere karşı İngiliz varlığını koruma mücadelesine giriştiler. Ancak bu mücadele sadece askeri ve siyasi alanlarda verilmedi; Bengal Genel Valisi olan Warren Hastings, İngilizlerin Hindistan'daki varlığını sağlam temellere dayandırmak amacıyla Oryantalist eğitim politikasını yürürlüğe koydu ve böylece Şirket, Hindistan'da eğitim meselelerine eğilmiş oldu. Ancak kısa bir süre sonra Oryantalist eğitim politikası, Charles Grant öncülüğündeki Evangelistler tarafından şiddetli bir biçimde eleştirildi. Hindistan'da eğitim konusunda yaşanan tartışmalar İngiliz Doğu Hindistan Şirket'inin hükümet ile imzaladığı sözleşmeye yansıdı ve 1813 Sözleşmesinde yerel eğitimin geliştirilmesine yönelik bir takım tedbirler alındı. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma özellikle 1780-1835 yılları arasında Hindistan'daki Oryantalist ve Evangelist parti arasında yaşanan tartışmaları incelemektedir. Çalışma, iki grup arasında eğitim dili ve müfredatı konusunda -her ne kadar bir tartışma yaşansa da-Oryantalist ve Evangelist grup üyelerinin Hindistan toplumunun "modernleşmesi" sağlamak ve İngiltere'nin sadık bir sömürgesi haline getirmek amacıyla eğitimin bir araç olarak kullanılmaya çalışıldığını göstermeye çalışacaktır.The nineteenth century was an important turning point in the Indian education history because it was the beginning of the British educational policies in India. The British merchant arrived to the Indian subcontinent by the seventeenth century and thanks to the British East India Company, they became crucial factor in the commercial activities. However, by the middle of the eighteenth century, the Company's servants began to interfere the political quarrels and they made serious effort against French and local power to protect the British presence. Nevertheless, the political and military measures were not only way for the preservation of the British power. The first governor-general of Bengal, Warren Hastings, imposed the Oriental education policy to terminate the fragile basis of the British rah in India. Nonetheless, after a short period the new policy was began to criticize by the Evangelists lead by Charles Grant. As a result of the first part of the Orientalist-Evangelist controversy, the British government put some provisions into the Charter Act of 1813 concerning native education. In this context, this study investigates the Orientalist-Evangelist controversy throughout 1780-1835. Despite the debate between the two party permitting to the medium of instruction and curriculum, the study try to show how the members of the both side made considerable effort to modernize Indian society and transform India as a loyal colony of the British Empire and what was the role of education being as an instrument in this process

Turkish Dental Students’ Perceptions and Awareness of Dental Implant Education: A Questionnaire Study

Objective. This study aimed to assess Turkish dental students’ awareness of and attitudes toward dental implant therapy, as well as the effectiveness of dental implantology lecture from their point of view. Materials and Methods. This study used a cross-sectional online survey. A total of 425 third-, fourth- and fifth-year dental students enrolled in Gazi University School of Dentistry during the 2020-2021 academic year were invited to participate in the survey anonymously and voluntarily. Following the descriptive part (age, gender, and education status), all the participants were asked 11 questions. Results. Total of 415 questionnaires were analyzed. The 3rd-year students stated that they were“ poorly” informed about dental implants (n=88, 64.7%), while the 4th- and 5th-year students were“ moderately” infromed (n=78, 54.2% and n=60, 44.4%, respectively) (p < 0.001). All the students were believed that they needed to get more information during their undergraduate studies (p < 0.01). More than half of all students preferred to have PhD or speciality training after graduation (p > 0.05). Approximately 80% of all students believed that dentists should receive specialized training in order to practice implant dentistry (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study show that some Turkish dental students find DI treatment a difficult operation and that they do not know enough about it. As a result, it is anticipated that improving the current curriculum will contribute to the course success and make dental students feel better prepared for dental implantology following graduation

Real-Estate Entrepreneurship from Baumol's Productive and Unproductive Typology: A Contestable Markets Approach

The role of innovation in economic development has long been a topic of discussion among economists. Despite that, the economic pay-off mechanisms which support or hinder innovative entrepreneurial acts, particularly in the emerging economy context are significantly underexplored in academic studies. In this study, we aim to fill this important gap in the literature by taking Baumol’s contestable markets theory and the typology of productive and unproductive entrepreneurship. As Baumol has advocated, the economies that offer higher pay-offs to productive entrepreneurial acts are more likely to thrive mainly due to the increased capacity of economic growth, while developing and poor economies struggle. In this study, we posit that in the developing and emerging market contexts, formal policies are claimed to prioritize the production of more innovative and productive start-ups and a climate that supports and fosters productive entrepreneurial acts. Despite that, there are still major administrative, social and cultural barriers towards creation of innovative start-ups and a productive entrepreneurship ecosystem. Here, continuing political, economic and social support towards unproductive entrepreneurship acts, in particular real-estate entrepreneurship emerges as one of the main factors that hinder the flow of funds towards innovation and technology. We thus argue that, being unable to balance the role of these unproductive entrepreneurial acts with productive ones in economy significantly deteriorates the sustainable economic growth and a high standard of living in emerging and developing economy contexts. In the implications section, several precautions and support mechanisms for overcoming the barriers towards productive entrepreneurship are presented and discussed