Deafening silence? Marxism, international historical sociology and the spectre of Eurocentrism

Approaching the centenary of its establishment as a formal discipline, International Relations today challenges the ahistorical and aspatial frameworks advanced by the theories of earlier luminaries. Yet, despite a burgeoning body of literature built on the transdisciplinary efforts bridging International Relations and its long-separated nomothetic relatives, the new and emerging conceptual frameworks have not been able to effectively overcome the challenge posed by the ‘non-West’. The recent wave of international historical sociology has highlighted possible trajectories to problematise the myopic and unipolar conceptions of the international system; however, the question of Eurocentrism still lingers in the developing research programmes. This article interjects into the ongoing historical materialist debate in international historical sociology by: (1) conceptually and empirically challenging the rigid boundaries of the extant approaches; and (2) critically assessing the postulations of recent theorising on ‘the international’, capitalist states-system/geopolitics and uneven and combined development. While the significance of the present contributions in international historical sociology should not be understated, it is argued that the ‘Eurocentric cage’ still occupies a dominant ontological position which essentially silences ‘connected histories’ and conceals the role of inter-societal relations in the making of the modern states-system and capitalist geopolitics

Öteki modifikasyonu ve tane inceltmesi yapılmış alüminyum-silikon alaşımlarının termal analizi

A series of AlSi9Mg alloys were prepared and tested to reveal the effect of addition sequence and timing of grain refiner and eutectic modifier. AlSr10 master alloy was used as an modification reagent, and also for grain refiner AlTi5B master alloy was used. The depression at the eutectic temperature due to the addition of modifier and decrease in the amount of undercooling at the liquidus due to the presence of grain refiner were examined by the cooling curves which were obtained by the Alu-Therm instrument, which is the aluminum thermal analyzer of the Heraeus Electro-Nite. The alloys that were both modified and grain refined were subsequently poured as tensile test specimen shapes in permanent die casting mould for four times at 60 minutes time intervals, meanwhile thermal analysis of the alloys were also made. In this work the effect of grain refinement and modification agent, also the determination of the optimum time to pour after adding these agents were studied by aluminum thermal analyzer. The parameters obtained from this analyzer are compared with the microstructures; to see the effect of these agents on mechanical properties, hardness, tensile strength and percent elongation values were investigated. In this study the possibility of predicting the mechanical properties prior to casting by thermal analysis method was examined by regression analysis method. By this method relationship between thermal analysis parameters and mechanical properties was established.M.S. - Master of Scienc

A study on 4-acylamino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones

PubMed: 17960089Five novel 3-alkyl-4-phenylacetylamino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (2) were synthesized by the reactions of 3-alkyl-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4- triazol-5-ones (1) with phenylacetyl chloride and characterized by elemental analyses and IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UV spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds 2 were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in four non-aqueous solvents such as isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide, and the half-neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined for all cases. In addition, these new compounds and five recently reported 3-alkyl-4-(p-methoxybenzoylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4- triazol-5-ones (3) were screened for their antioxidant activities. © 2007 by MDPI

Did the Red Sea - Mediterranean connection over the Dead Sea Fault Zone end in the Late Pliocene?

The delta plain of the Asi (Orontes) river in Hatay (Turkey) is located between two regional major tectonic zones, the Dead Sea Fault Zone from the Red Sea to Antakya and the East Anatolian Fault Zone from Karliova to Antakya. Sediment samples from five cores performed on the Asi delta plain to 15 m depth were studied, and three fossil groups were identified in 5 samples. They mainly consist of 51 foraminiferal species from 42 genera; ostracod genera representing marine, brackish and fresh water environments, and Gastropoda and Bivalvia taxa.The abundance of some benthic Foraminifera in the recent sediment samples, including Euuvigerina reineri (Bedford), Siphonina tubulosa Cushman and Siphonodosaria abyssorum (Brady), which are common in the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Red Sea is remarkable. In addition, Euuvigerina reineri (Bedford) individuals about 70 ka have been collected from Mağaracik village to the north of the drilling area. The existence of these species in the Quaternary sediments indicates that the water connection via the Gulf of Aqaba on the Dead Sea Fault Zone was still open in the Pleistocene. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.JSM-6490 Core Ege ÜniversitesiThe authors would like to thank to Prof. Dr. İlhan Kayan for sedimentological and paleoenvironmental interpretations of the core profiles of Asi Delta; to Beycan Hocaoğlu, Levent Uncu and Hakan Yiğitbaş (Ege University) for preparation of samples and to Dr. İpek F. Barut (İstanbul University) for organization of this study. The authors would like to thank to Dr. Tansel Tekin and Tuğrul Tüzüner ( TPAO. Research Center, Ankara ) for the support of taking SEM (Jeol. JSM-6490 LV) microphotos. Also, the authors are grateful to Prof. Dr. Timur USTAÖMER (İstanbul University) for his critical suggestions during the preparation of this paper

Proximal clamping levels in abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.

In the surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm, the single proximal cross-clamp can be placed at 3 alternative aortic levels: infrarenal, hiatal, and thoracic. We performed this retrospective study to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the 3 main aortic clamping locations. Eighty patients presented at our institution with abdominal aortic aneurysms from March 1993 through May 1998. Fifty of these patients had intact aneurysms and underwent elective surgery, and 30 had ruptured aneurysms that necessitated emergency surgery. Proximal aortic clamping was applied at the infrarenal level in 24 patients (22 from the intact aneurysm group, 2 from the ruptured group), at the hiatal level in 34 patients (22 intact, 12 ruptured), and at the thoracic level (descending aorta) via a limited left lateral thoracotomy in 22 patients (6 intact, 16 ruptured). Early mortality rates (within 30 days) were 4% (2 of 50 patients) among patients with intact aneurysms and 40% (12 of 30 patients) among those with ruptured aneurysms. In the 2 patients from the intact aneurysm group, proximal aortic clamps were applied at the hiatal level. In the ruptured aneurysm group, proximal aortic clamps were placed at the thoracic level in 10 patients, the infrarenal level in 1, and the hiatal level in 1. According to our study, the clinical status of the patient and the degree of operative urgency--as determined by the extent of the aneurysm--generally dictate the proximal clamp location. Patients who present with aneurysmal rupture or hypovolemic shock benefit from thoracic clamping, because it restores the blood pressure and allows time to replace the volume deficit. Infrarenal placement is advantageous in patients with intact aneurysms if there is sufficient space for the clamp between the renal arteries and the aortic aneurysm. In patients with juxtarenal aneurysms, hiatal clamping enables safe and easy anastomosis to the healthy aorta. Clamping at this level also helps prevent late anastomotic aneurysm formation, which is frequently encountered after inadvertent anastomosis of the graft to a diseased portion of the aorta. Further studies are needed in order to confirm these results