The interaction of reinforced concrete skeleton systems andarchitectural form subjected to earthquake effects

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2010Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 167-173)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxvi, 173 leaves3 The interaction of architectural form and structural configuration has become a serious issue in the building industry because of the poor seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings in Turkey. Therefore, it has a determinative role on earthquake behaviour of buildings. The study focuses on R/C skeleton systems which are commonly constructed in building industry of Turkey. In this study, structural irregularities in plan and vertical direction have been investigated in detail based on Turkish Earthquake Code, 2007. Four main cases are generated based on each structural irregularity in plan. These cases consist of 29 main parametric models and totally 265 models with sub models. They are designed as to have symmetrical or asymmetrical plan geometry and regular or irregular rigidity distribution. All models are analyzed by using the structural analyzing software, IdeCAD Static 6.0055. The changes in the earthquake behaviour of buildings were examined according to the number of stories, number of axes, configuration of structural elements, floor openings, projections in plan and vertical direction. Many findings are obtained and assessed as a result of the analysis for each structural irregularity. The most remarkable result shows that structural irregularities can be observed in completely symmetric buildings in terms of plan geometry and rigidity distribution due to the inaccurate structural system selection. Moreover, it has emerged that symmetry in the rigidity distribution is more important than the symmetry in the plan geometry

Wind Pressure and Velocity Distributions around an Irregular Plan-shaped Building

Wind is a significant architectural design parameter to be considered during the initial phase of the design stage. However, there are very few studies on the wind behaviour of buildings in the architectural field. Understanding the behaviour of buildings under wind loads is significant to developing solutions at every stage of the design phase. This study presents the numerical examination of wind pressure distributions on U-plan-shaped buildings with four different depth ratios of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 over a wind incidence angle of 0°. Models were examined with 2 and 5 m/s wind velocity values. This study aims to examine the effect of depth ratios and wind velocity values on an irregular building. Wind pressure distributions around models, wind velocity distributions, wind flows and streamlines have been comprehensively evaluated. As a result of the studies, it has been observed that according to the wind pressure distributions around building models, when the U1, U2 and, U7, U8 models are compared, it can be seen that the negative pressure difference decreases slightly as the depth ratio decreases. Furthermore, as the wind velocity increased, the negative pressure difference decreased. It was observed that there was no significant difference in terms of positive pressure values. Moreover, it was observed that from the height level of H/3 to 2H/3, the vortex region decreases. This vortex area is more significant in the U7 model, which has a depth ratio of 0.5. The vortex area increases as the depth ratio decreases

Experimental and numerical investigation of forced convection in a double skin façade

Flow and heat transfer of the air cavity between two glass façades designed in the box window type of double skin façade (DSF) was evaluated in a test room which was set up for measurements in the laboratory environment and analyzed under different working conditions by using a computational fluid dynamics tool. Using data from the experimental studies, the verification of the numerical studies was conducted and the air flow and heat transfer in the cavity between the two glass façades were examined numerically in detail. The depth to height of the cavity, the aspect ratio, was changed between 0.10 and 0.16, and was studied for three different flow velocities. Reynolds and average Nusselt numbers ranging from 28,000 to 56,500 and 134 to 272, respectively, were calculated and a non-dimensional correlation between Reynolds and Nusselt numbers was constructed to evaluate the heat transfer from the cavity (except inlet and outlet sections) air to the inside environment and it could be used the box window type of DSF applications having relatively short cavities.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 112M170

An investigation on plan geometries of RC buildings: With or without projections in plan

The interaction of plan geometry and structural configuration, a determinative factor in the earthquake behavior of buildings, has become a serious issue in the building industry in Turkey due to the poor seismic performance of R/C buildings during the latest earthquake. Consequently, designing new buildings without structural irregularities against earthquake loads is proving to be more significant. This study focuses on the effects of plan geometries on earthquake performances of buildings. In that respect, structural irregularities in the plan are investigated in detail based on the Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC 2007). The study is based on five main parametric models and a total of 40 sub-models that are grouped according to their plan geometries with excessive projections such as L-shaped, H-shaped, T-shaped and U-shaped models. In addition to these, a square model without any projections is also generated. All models are designed to have the same storey gross area but with different number of storeys. Changes in the earthquake behavior of buildings were evaluated according to the number of storeys, the projection ratios and the symmetry conditions of each model. The analysis of each structural irregularity resulted in many findings, which were then assessed. The study demonstrates that the square model delivers the best earthquake performance owing to its regular plan geometry

Comparision of clinical and electrophysiological staging in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Amaçlar: Karpal tünel sendromu teshis edilen hastalarda klinik ve elektrofizyolojik evrelemeler arasındaki iliskinin arastırılmasıdır. Gereç ve yöntemler: Karpal tünel sendromu saptanan 127 el (90 hasta) incelendi. Hastalar klinik olarak ve elektrofizyolojik olarak evrelendi. Her iki evreleme arasındaki iliski incelendi. Karpal tünel sendromu tanısı, medyan sinir trasesindeki, parestezi, agrı, medyan sinir innervasyonlu alanlarda duyu kaybı, medyan sinir innervasyonlu kaslarda motor güçsüzlük ve atrofi olması, Phalen testi veTinel testi pozitifligi ile konuldu. Bulgular: Hastaların klinik evrelemesi ile elektrofizyolojik evrelemesi arasında anlamlı bir iliski saptandı (p=0.000). Hastaların klinik evreleri arttıkça elektrofizyolojik olarak da agır derecelerde karpal tünel sendromu ile uyumlu bulgular elde edilmekteydi. Sonuç: Pratikte klinik ve elektrofizyolojik olarak uyumsuz vakalara rastlansa da hastaların medyan sinir kompresyonunun derecesi klinik muayeneler ile tahmin edilebilir düsüncesindeyiz.Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the clinical and electrophysiological stages in patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Material and methods: One hundered twentyeight hands (90 patients) with carpal tunnel syndrome were investigated. Patients were staged clinically and electrophysiologically. The relationship between these stages was investigated. Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome was made according to the presence of paresthesia, pain in the innervation area of the median nerve, weakness and atrophy in the median nerve innervated muscles, positive Phalen and Tinnel tests. Results: A significant correlation was found between clinical and electrophysiological staging of patients. The electrophysiological findings were more severe as the clinical stage progressed. Conclusions: We suggest that although there may sometimes be a discordance between clinical and electrophysiological stages in clinical practice, the severity of the compression of the median nerve can usually be estimated by clinical examination

Obsessive- compulsive disorder in the parkinson disease

Purpose: Obsessive disorder assessment using Leyton Obsessional Inventory was done in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease according to United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank (UK-PDSBB) criteria and 37 healty individuals were included in the study.All subjects were assesed by the same psychiatrist using the Leyton obsessional inventory. Results: The Leyton obssesional scores were higher in the Parkinson's disease group than in the control group (p<0,001). In addition, correlation was found between the severity of disease and degree of obsession (p:0,771). Conclusion: Parkinson's disease is a neurodejenerative disorder with predominant motor symptoms but with progression , nonmotor symptoms also emerge. The patient's qualty of life may be much affected by these nonmotor symptoms. Diagnosis and treatment of the pyschiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease may help improve life quality

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

The interaction of reinforced concrete skeleton systems andarchitectural form subjected to earthquake effects

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2010Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 167-173)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxvi, 173 leaves3 The interaction of architectural form and structural configuration has become a serious issue in the building industry because of the poor seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings in Turkey. Therefore, it has a determinative role on earthquake behaviour of buildings. The study focuses on R/C skeleton systems which are commonly constructed in building industry of Turkey. In this study, structural irregularities in plan and vertical direction have been investigated in detail based on Turkish Earthquake Code, 2007. Four main cases are generated based on each structural irregularity in plan. These cases consist of 29 main parametric models and totally 265 models with sub models. They are designed as to have symmetrical or asymmetrical plan geometry and regular or irregular rigidity distribution. All models are analyzed by using the structural analyzing software, IdeCAD Static 6.0055. The changes in the earthquake behaviour of buildings were examined according to the number of stories, number of axes, configuration of structural elements, floor openings, projections in plan and vertical direction. Many findings are obtained and assessed as a result of the analysis for each structural irregularity. The most remarkable result shows that structural irregularities can be observed in completely symmetric buildings in terms of plan geometry and rigidity distribution due to the inaccurate structural system selection. Moreover, it has emerged that symmetry in the rigidity distribution is more important than the symmetry in the plan geometry

Seasonal changes in fatty acid composition in Sakarya chub, Squalius pursakensis (Hankó, 1925) living in Melen river basin

YÖK Tez No: 578163Balıklar dünya genelinde ucuz ve önemli bir protein kaynağı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ayrıca, balıklar iz elementler, yağda eriyen vitaminler ve yağ asitleri gibi insan sağlığı açısından önemli besin maddelerini de içermektedir. Yağlar insan vücudunda önemli işlevlere sahip biyoloji moleküller olup, enerji ve yağda eriyen vitaminleri depolamada önemli rol oynarlar. Üstelik, yağların, biyolojik zarların temel bileşeni olarak hizmet ettiği ve hücre içi ve hücre dışı haberci moleküller olarak işlev gördüğü bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla, yağlar, özellikle de doymamış yağ asitleri, insan sağlığı için gereklidir. Melen nehri Türkiye'de batı Karadeniz bölgesinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Melen Nehri Havzası'ndan mevsimsel olarak avlanan Squlius pursakensis etinde toplam yağ ve yağ asidi bileşimi incelenmiştir. S. pursakensis Sakarya Havzası'nda yayılış gösteren endemik bir tür olup, Melen Havzası'nda da yoğun popülasyonlar oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Her ne kadar, bu tür yöre halkı tarafından gıda olarak tercih edilse de, besin değeri hakkında sınırlı veri vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Melen Nehri havzasında yaşayan S. pursakensis'in toplam lipit miktarını ve yağ asidi bileşimini belirlemektir.Toplam yağ seviyesi kışın %1,80, baharda %2,56 ve yazın %5,17 bulunmuştur. Yağ asidi bileşimi, toplam çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin (%32,05-38,90) en yüksek düzeyde olduğunu, bunu tekli doymamış yağ asitleri (%29,85-35,40) ve doymuş yağ asitleri (%27,10-31,23)'nin izlediğini göstermiştir. Çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (PUFAs)'nin içeriğinde n- 3 yağ asitleri olan eicosapentaenoic asit (EPA C20: 5n3) and docosahexaenoic asit (DHA C22: 6n3), sırasıyla %6,70 ve %16,33 oranları ile en yüksek seviyede bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Doymuş yağ asitleri içerisinde palmitik asitin %19,03 oranı ile baskın olduğu belirlenmiştir.Fish is considered as an essential and cheap protein source for human populations through the World. Additionally, fish provide important nutrients for human health such as trace elements, lipid-soluble vitamins and fatty acids. Lipids are biomolecules playing important role in the body. They have role of storage for energy and lipid-soluble vitamins. Furthermore, lipids are known to serve as integral components of biological membranes and to function as key intracellular and extracellular messengers. Therefore, lipids, especially unsaturated fatty acids, are necessary for human health. Melen River is located on western Black Sea region in Turkey. In the present study, total lipid and fatty acid compositions of S. pursakensis fillet samples seasonally captured from Melen River Basin were evaluated. S. pursakensis is a freshwater fish species endemic to Sakarya River, its tributaries and neighboring basins. Although, this species is consumed as food local people, there is limited data on its nutritional value. The aim of this study was to determine the total lipid amount and fatty acid composition of S. pursakensis living in Melen River basin.Total lipid levels were as 1.80% in winter, 2,56% in spring and 5,17% in summer. The composition of fatty acids showed that total polyunsaturated fatty acids (32,05-38,90%) were having highest, levels followed by monounsaturated (29,85-35,40%) and saturated (27,10-31,23%)levels.The fatty acid compositions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fillets of S. pursakensis shows a high content n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA C20: 5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22: 6n3) with maximum rates of 6,70% and 16,33%, respectively (p<0.05). The saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was dominated by palmitic acid with the maximum ratio of 19,03%

An investigation on daylighting performance in educational institutions

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate natural illumination properties of one of the classrooms in the School of Architecture at Izmir Institute of Technology, located in Turkey, which is the northern hemisphere. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the definitions of the basic terms in daylighting, such as daylight factor, illuminance, glazing ratio, are given first. Then, a luxmeter and a lighting simulation software, Velux, are used in order to calculate variable lighting factors during daytime, at different storeys, at different directions, for the classes. Velux is a proprietary software and it enables natural lighting analysis practically. Findings: Chosen classrooms are examined regarding their having sufficient natural illumination. The height of windows from the floor is changed, and the resultant effects on natural lighting in the classrooms are determined by using the lighting simulation program, Velux. The study shows that daylight factor and illumination near the window decreases as the height of the window above the floor increases. However, the illumination increases away from the window, giving greater uniformity to the lighting. At the same time, the usable depth of the classroom increases. The tall and narrow windows bring the daylight near themselves. Social implications: Practical window design decisions can help architects to provide effective and healthy natural lighting for interiors. Originality/value: Adjustment of the dimensions of the windows is important in order to balance the energy consumption of buildings. This study investigates natural lighting depending on both experimental measurements and simulation software, Velux