Relationship between spatial and development planning at the local level in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

The mutual relationship between spatial and development planning at the local level is a very current topic that has concrete consequences for development processes in local government units in the territory of Republika Srpska (RS). Although it is still unregulated from the legislative point of view, local development planning is much more present in practice, which is primarily manifested in the almost complete coverage of the territory of the RS by local development strategies. The connection of these documents to spatial and urban plans has not been treated in an appropriate way, which leads to a certain degree of their mutual inconsistency. The basic hypothesis of this paper arises from this statement, and that is that the lack of a clearly defined connection with spatial planning in the methodology of drafting local development documents leads to the inconsistency of these documents as the final result. As an auxiliary hypothesis, the assumption will be investigated that a large discrepancy in the coverage of the territory of the Republika Srpska between local development strategies and spatial plans of local government units also contributed to this inconsistency

The failure of planning endevour in north east border area of Serbia towards Bulgaria

With the transition, spatial planning was supposed to mitigate the negative effects of the new player - market to the public interest. But, seems like our planning didn't find the mechanisms to mitigate those effects created by the market inside it. Planning institutions in pretransitional period were exclusively in public sector. We now have on one side, some big planning institution, partially financed from the state's budget usually with the monopoly over elaboration of one group of plans and on the other side, smaller ones which are being privatized. Both are thrown to the market and are trying to acquire as much engagements as possible in order to secure enough financing. They are producing more plans for less money in a shorter period of time. As a result, these former public agents diverted by the new hostile conditions given by undeveloped market and neoliberal environment are still presenting traditional rigid planning model, deterministic and inflexible, with fixed land use parameters and regulations. Seems like the turbulent times in which the most important task is to survive didn't give them a chance to develop and to introduce more innovative and novel models in view of participative, strategic and action plan oriented planning. The failure of planning enterprise to achieve at least some balance in regional inequity is clearly visible in peripheral, i.e. border areas. The paper discuss the main objectives and planning concepts in various overlapping planning documents on national, regional and local levels elaborated for Timocka krajina, a border region situated in NE Serbia towards a frontier to Bulgaria, and the obvious gap between planning optimism and accurate demographic, social and economic decline of the region, despite both local and European based, mostly cross border related projects and initiatives

The observatory for spatial planning and environment in South East Europe: Comments and contribution of Yugoslav side

One of major initial results of the ESTIA project1 is the common idea on the ESTIA Spatial Observatory (O.S.P.E.), the system for monitoring spatial development and planning policies of six partner countries in the project. The basic idea is to have a 'qualitative and quantitative framework of data' with a data-base constructed with available, reliable and comparable data for the six countries' spatial planning system. The Observatory for Spatial Planning and Environment in South East Europe (O.S.P.E.) we deem as a major step towards better understanding and cooperation among countries in this unstable region of Europe. A number of clashes between neighboring countries have been the result of uncoordinated, even opposed actions in spatial terms. An attempt in the direction of a common check point for registering, analyzing, coordinating and monitoring of existing systems policies and, as a result, their planned actions, might be of substantial use for creating a new kind of understanding and joint way of thinking in South East Europe in the future. Therefore, we estimate that Yugoslav proceedings prepared for the Bucharest 3. ESTIA meeting (Stojkov, Vujošević, Subotić, Petovar, Stojanović 1999.) could be referent for the further elaboration of the O.S.P.E. idea

Slabost prostornog planiranja u Srbiji na primeru planiranja prostornog razvoja pogranične zone prema Bugarskoj

Uncertainty is the only thing we can count on in Serbia nowadays. It seems that never-ending transition and predominant neoliberal concepts in both economical and social issues are still leaning our spatial planning system against the wall. Moreover, nothing is clean from the planners' point of view: who are the main actors and referees, which are the rules of the planning game, and even where the playground boundaries are. Spatial planning has always been a kind of calculated risk, but here and now it seems like it is just pure and simple risk. The situation is critical on all levels, from national straight to local, due to the absence of the regional level. Most of the spatial planning institutions adhere to a traditional rigid planning model, which is deterministic, inflexible, with fixed land use regulations. The spatial planning system is predominantly planners' centered, implying that it is the planner who identifies the problems and seeks planning alternatives rooted exclusively in rational methods and objective determinants. There is little, or no room for different interests and ideas and consequently, hardly any room for various stakeholders and shareholders to take part in the planning process and the ensuing implementation phase. All these weaknesses are even more obvious when shown on the particular example: development planning of bolder area of Serbia toward Bulgaria. This paper deals with the basic social and economic frame in which planning is performed in Serbia in recent years together with the main problems within the planning practice itself, shown in the mentioned case study. It also argues for the necessary changes aiming to increase the spatial planning system efficiency.Nesigurnost je jedina stvar na koju se danas može računati u Srbiji. Utisak je da su tranzicija kojoj CE ne vidi kraj i dominirajući neoliberalni koncept u ekonomskoj i socijalnoj sferi bukvalno priterali sistem prostornog planiranja uza zid. Štaviše, sa stanovišta planera gotovo da ništa nije jasno: ko su glavni učesnici u planiranju, ko donosi odluke, koja su pravila igre pa čak i gde su granice igrališta. Prostorno planiranje je, doduše, uvek predstavljalo jedan oblik proračunatog rizika, ali danas i ovde je ono prost i čist rizik. Situacija je kritična na svim nivoima planiranja, od nacionalnog, preko regionalnog do lokalnog. Sadašnja praksa planiranja u Srbiji je planer-centrična, u smislu da gotovo isključivo planeri identifikuju probleme u prostoru i nude alternative za njihovo rešavanje. Premalo je mesta ostavljeno za drugačije interese i ideje, međusektosku koordinaciju i sinhronizaciju partnerstva između javnog i privatnog sektora. Konsekventno, premalo je mesta ostavljeno za građane, intresne grupe i organizacije da u procesu planiranja učestvuju, te da učestvuju i u procesu planske implementacije. Dobar primer autističnosti sistema planiranja u Srbiji je planiranje pogranične zone prema Bugarskoj. U ovom radu su prikazani socijalni i ekonomski okvir u kome planiranje u Srbiji danas deluje skupa sa problemima koji su se mogli identifikovati unutar struke, plastično ilustrovani na pomenutoj studiji slučaja. Pored ovog, u radu se pledira za uvođenje nephodnih promena koje bi sistem prostornog planiranja učinile efikasnijim

Archaeological excavation of a medieval church in Omoljica: Preliminary report

Prilikom arheoloških iskopavanja obavljenih tokom leta 2005. u ataru sela Omoljica kod Pančeva, u celini su otkriveni temelji jednobrodne crkve sa dubokom, više potkovičastom nego polukružnom apsidom na istočnoj strani. U zapadnom delu crkve delimično je očuvana pravougaona konstrukcija. Osim crkve, istom prilikom su, delimično, istraženi i ostaci još jedne građevine neposredno uz crkvu, kao i deo nekropole sa zapadne i južne strane crkve. Na osnovu preliminarnih rezultata prve obimnije istraživačke kampanje, ostaci crkve bi se okvirno mogli pripisati razdoblju XII-XIII v.The village of Omoljica lies in south-western Banat, 12 km south-east of Pančevo. The archaeological site is located some 5 km north-east of the centre of the village, on the right bank of the Slatina watercourse. In 2005 the foundations of a church were completely uncovered and another building in the immediate vicinity of the church was partially investigated as was part of a cemetery to the west and south of the church (fig. 1; pl. I/1). The foundations uncovered measure 12 x 6.4 m and are of a single nave church with a deep apse. They are made of beaten earth, and measure from 1.1 to 1.3 m in width. They were dug through an older layer belonging to late antiquity, in the fertile soil to a depth of 1.7 m. Above ground the church was built of brick and lime mortar. In the western part of the church the remains of a rectangular structure made of brick were discovered. To the south and west of the church 16 burials were excavated. When the foundation of the western wall was dug three older graves were disturbed and in the southern part of the cemetery the existence of at least two further levels of burials was detected. Grave finds can mostly be connected with the older levels of graves. Four 'S' earrings of twisted silver wire were discovered, two individually and two threaded one through the other (pl. II/1), a necklace of various glass paste beads (pl. II/2) a banded ring of bronze foil (pl. II/3) and four Hungarian silver coins, one of which was illegible; the three others (pl. II/4-6) resemble examples dated to the second half of the 12th century. At the south side of the church the foundations of another building were discovered which made partial contact with the south wall of the church. South of these a rectangular structure of stone, brick and lime mortar in the shape of a basin was found (pl. I/2). The most recent traces of habitation in the area examined were two pits, one of which was dug in the north-western corner of the church and the other outside it. Several small fragments of pottery were discovered in these which cannot be dated earlier than the 14th-15th century. On the basis of this first excavation campaign, the church can be dated tentatively to the 12th to 13th century, and belonged to the surrounding settlement

Predictive value of erectile dysfynction in assessment of endothelial function.

Poslednjih godina uoĉena je snažna povezanost izmeĊu prisusutva erektilne disfunkcije (ED) i globalne funkcije endotela u organizmu ĉoveka. Naime, oštepoznata je ĉinjenica da funkcija endotela reflektuje vaskulano zdravlje ĉoveka. Veliki broj istraživanja je pokazao da se najranija kliniĉka manifestacija poremećaja funkcije endotela ĉesto ispoljava kao ED, s' obzirom da su arterije penisa jedne od najmanjih u organizmu. Imajući u vidu ĉinjenicu da proces ateroskleroze ima sistemski karakter, aktuelna je hiopteza da se on odvija u istom stepenu u celom vaskularnom sistemu, ali da vreme nastanka kliniĉkih manifestacija zavisi direktno od dijametra krvnih sudova. Stoga, prisustvo ED se može smatrati kao najranija kliniĉka manifestacija sistemskih aterosklerotiĉnih promena na krvnim sudovima, i prediktor kasnijeg nastanka kardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB). Koncept "vaskularne starosti" , koji je uveo hipotezu da je "osoba stara onoliko koliko su joj stari i krvni sudovi" je oblast koja se sve više istražuje u proceni globalnog rizika za nastanak KVB. U skladu sa ovakvim pretpostavkama vaskularna starost predstavlja hronološku starost koja je korigovana za individualno opterećenje aterosklartiĉnim promenama. Iz svega navedenog proizilazi da se vaskualrna i hronološka starost kod jedne osobe mogu znaĉajno razlikovati. Naime, imajući u vidu ĉinjenicu da se individualna aterosklerotiĉna opterećenja mogu znaĉajno razlikovati izmeĊu osoba istog hronološkog uzrasta, jasno je da se u pozadini ovakvih razlika nalaze razliĉita izloženost sredinskim i genetskim faktorima koji uĉestvuju u procesu nastanka ateroskleroze. CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procenjivanje prognostiĉkog znaĉaja ED u proceni stepena oštećenja endotela na osnovu ispitivanja nivoa biohemijskih markera (Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Endothelin-1, Homocysteine, 8-isoprostane). TakoĊe, u studiji se vršilo i ispitivanje prediktivne vrednosti ED u proceni diskrepance u hronološkoj i vaskularnoj starosti ispitanika. MATERIJAL I METODE: U vremenskom periodu od januara 2014. do januara 2015. godine svi pacijenti koji su dolazili na redovne kontrolne preglede u ambulante Instututa za urologiju, Instituta za kardiovaskularne bolesti i Instituta za endokrinologiju Kliniĉkog centra Srbije su uzeti za razmataranje za ukljuĉenje u studiju. Kriterijumi za iskljuĉivanje iz studije bili su sledeći: uzrast ispod 18 godina, prisustvo poremećaja zdravlja koji mogu uticati na nivoe ispitivanih biohemijskih parametara (prisusutvo srĉane insuficijencije, akutnog koronarnog sindroma, terminalne bubrežne insuficijencije, bolesti srĉanih valvula, akutnog infektivnog oboljenja, autoimunih bolesti, endokrinog oboljenja (izuzev dijabetesa melitusa (DM) tipa 2)), prisustvo psihijatrijskog oboljenja i pozitivna anamneza o povredama ili opereaciji u regionu male karlice..

Vojna intervencija kao sredstvo borbe protiv terorizma

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The role and importance of infrastructure planning in mountain tourism development in Serbia

Основни циљ дисертације је испитивање и дефинисање међусобних условљености, веза, значаја и утицаја планирања инфраструктуре и развоја планинског туризма, што би омогућило да се развију методе за успешније сагледавање процеса промена у простору и начини њиховог усмеравања у жељеном правцу...The main purpose of this dissertation is to examine and define the interrelated causation, connections, importance and influences of infrastructure planning and mountain tourism development, which would enable the development of methods for a more successful consideration of the process of changes in space and ways of directing them towards a desired course. By parallel analyses of the experiences in Serbia, the world and Europe, as well as of the similar experiences of the neighbouring countries, the proposed solutions tend to help the further work of experts, and of regional and local authorities and other stakeholders directly or indirectly involved in this field, with the aim of mountain tourism development in Serbia. The research covered several successively related parts: defining the basic theoretical grounds of the problem – general considerations of mountain areas, tourism, mountain tourism in particular, infrastructure systems and their planning, as well as development planning of tourist areas; an analysis of the most significant characteristics and interrelated similarities and differences of mountain tourism development in the world, in Europe, in neighbouring countries, starting from its history proceeding to the current situation and ending with the development trends, with a detailed consideration of the mountain areas of Kopaonik and Tara; an analysis of infrastructure capacity of the mountain areas of Serbia, with a detailed consideration of the areas of Kopaonik and Tara, on basis of which the conclusions were defined about the relationship between mountain tourism development and infrastructure capacity of mountain areas. Next, infrastructure planning was analysed with a view to mountain tourism development in strategic and planning documents in Serbia at the national level, including those covering the areas of Kopaonik and Tara; subsequently, the applied norms and standards for infrastructure capacity of mountain tourist areas were separately considered. The final part of the thesis considered the possibilities of defining the steps towards a directed and coordinated improvement of the situation in the examined area through specific suggestions within the planning process of sustainable mountain tourism and infrastructure planning with a view to mountain tourism development. The use of integral and comparative scientific method, as well as the analysis and synthesis methods and integral approach to problem solving throughout the research have confirmed the basic hypothesis that the directed, coordinated and efficient infrastructure planning is a powerful tool, which contributes to mountain tourism development, i.e. that the stated interrelations evidently confirm the possibility to promote and direct both mountain tourism development and spatial development as a whole by way of thoughtful planning and programming of infrastructure systems development. The research determined that the infrastructure capacity of mountain areas in Serbia is not at an adequate level, that the institutional coordination in directing the development of mountain tourist areas has been neglected, and that mountain tourism development in Serbia has not so far functioned as an integrating factor or driving force of local government development. The research has led to the following conclusions that have confirmed the secondary hypotheses: equipping areas with appropriate infrastructure is the prerequisite for sustainable mountain tourism development, i.e. appropriate planning and development of infrastructure systems has to be solely considered as an assumption and not as a consequence of the development of mountain tourist areas; the management of infrastructure systems needs to reflect a holistic consideration of planning and designing spaces without partial considerations of individual components or their planning as artificially separated parts and so infrastructure planning is one of the instruments of directing mountain tourism development and its cooperation with other development measures and instruments is necessary; infrastructure planning itself is not a sufficient condition for mountain tourism development, as it requires appropriate implementation and monitoring of the implementation of planning and programming solutions – consequences of an adequately and efficiently completed infrastructure planning and programming process, i.e. a successful implementation of plans and programmes is a specific realization of individual infrastructural objects, which involves the procedure of designing and building physical structures in space within a certain time period