Relationship between Constitutional Court and ordinary courts in the Republic of Serbia in the field of protection of right to liberty and security

Предмет докторске дисертације у најширем смислу је однос уставног суда и редовних судова. Реч је о теми која се појављује са настанком и развојем уставног судства, а нарочито са поимањем уставног судства као посебне, четврте гране власти у теорији и упоредном уставном праву. Циљ дисертације је да се монографски обради однос уставног суда и редовних судова из угла основне заједничке функције ових органа – заштите уставности и људских права и слобода, са намером доказивања да се однос између уставног суда и редовних судова, премда се јављају извесна непоклапања, па и конфликти, може и мора поставити као однос сарадње и комплементарног деловања у правцу остварења истог циља. Након увода, у првој глави се разматра положај и улога уставног судства у савременим уставним системима, да би се потом прешло на анализу уставног суда као државног органа sui generis, којем је поверена улога контролора уставности закона и других нормативних аката и решавање специјалних „уставних задатака“, а са ослонцем на теорију Ханса Келзена. У другој глави дата је анализа судске власти у систему поделе власти, уз посебан осврт на уставна начела о судовима, институционализовање независности судства и независност судства из перспективе заштите људских права и слобода. О узроцима напетости или чак отвореног сукоба у односима уставног суда и редовних судова, разматра се у трећој глави дисертације. Посвећена је пажња анализи стабилности политичког система, уставне културе и уставне жалбе као могућим узроцима постојања овог сукоба и дат приказ односа уставног суда и редовних судова у упоредном праву. У четвртој глави усредсређеност је на само једном специфичном уставном праву – праву на слободу и безбедност, кроз призму чијег остваривања и заштите се посматра однос Уставног суда Републике Србије и редовних судова. Посебан нагласак је стављен на законитост лишења слободе, као и законитост одређивања и продужавања притвора, потом трајање притвора, где се у пракси уочавају највећи проблеми, односно највише повређују или угрожавају појединачним радњама и актима права лица лишених слободе. Дат је приказ анализе резултата истраживања Београдског центра за људска права, а потом и праксе Уставног суда Републике Србије у области заштите права на слободу и безбедност. У петој глави дисертације сумирани су закључци у односу на постављене хипотезе истраживања: 1) судови се међусобно не смеју сматрати ривалима или противницима те је решење у међусобној сарадњи, јер сваки другачији облик деловања доводи до ширења расцепа и стога нефункционалног деловања по питању заштите људских права и генералног функционисања судства; 2) у области заштите права на слободу и безбедност нема конфликта између редовних судова и Уставног суда, јер у својим одлукама Уставни суд констатује само повреду права која редовним судовима служи као коректив и опомена у даљим поступањима.The subject of the doctoral dissertation in the broadest sense is the relationship between the constitutional court and ordinary courts. This is a topic that appeared with the emergence and development of the constitutional judiciary, and especially with regard to the notion of the constitutional judiciary as a special, fourth branch of power in theory and comparative constitutional law. The aim of the dissertation is to monograph the relationship between the constitutional court and ordinary courts from the angle of the basic common function of these bodies - protection of constitutionality and human rights and freedoms, intended to prove that the relationship between the constitutional court and ordinary courts, in spite of certain incongruities and even conflicts, can and must be set as a relationship of cooperation and complementary action towards achieving the same goal. After the Introduction, the first chapter discusses the position and role of the constitutional judiciary in contemporaneous consitutional systems, and then moves on to the analysis of the constitutional court as state body sui generis, entrusted with the role of constitutional reviewer of laws and other normative acts, and resolution of special „constitutional tasks“, and relying on on the theory of Hans Kelsen. The second chapter provides an analysis of the judiciary in the system of separation of powers, with special reference to the constitutional principles on the courts, the institutionalization of the independence of the judiciary and the independence of the judiciary from the perspective of human rights and freedoms. The causes of tension or even open conflict in the relations between the constitutional court and ordinary courts are discussed in the third chapter of the dissertation. Attention is paid to the analysis of the stability of the political system, constitutional culture and constitutional complaint as possible causes of the existence of this conflict, and the relationship between the constitutional court and ordinary courts in comparative law is presented. In the fourth chapter, the focus is on only one specific constitutional right - the right to liberty and security, through the prism of whose realization and protection the relationship between the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia and ordinary courts is observed. Special emphasis is placed on the legality of imprisonment, as well as the legality of ordering and extending detention, the duration of detention, where the biggest issues are observed in practice, and/or where the rights of imprisoned persons are most violated or affected by individual actions and acts. Also, this chapter gives analysis of the results of the researches done by Belgrade Center for Human Rights, and the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia in the field of protection of right to liberty and security. The fifth chapter of the dissertation summarizes the conclusions in relation to the research hypotheses: 1) courts must not be considered rivals or opponents and the solution is in mutual cooperation, because any other form of action leads to widening divisions and therefore dysfunctional action on human rights and general functioning of the judiciary; 2) in the field of protection of the right to liberty and security, there is no conflict between ordinary courts and the Constitutional Court, because the Constitutional Court ascertains in its decisions only a violation of rights that serves as a corrective and warning to regular courts in further proceedings

Supplementary data for article: Relić, D.; Đorđević, D. S.; Popović, A. R. Assessment of the Pseudo Total Metal Content in Alluvial Sediments from Danube River, Serbia. Environmental Earth Sciences 2011, 63 (6), 1303–1317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0802-1

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0802-1]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1170

Supplementary material for the article: Stanković, B.; Ostojić, B. D.; Gruden, M.; Popović, A.; Đorđević, D. S. Substituted Naphthalenes: Stability, Conformational Flexibility and Description of Bonding Based on ETS-NOCV Method. Chemical Physics Letters 2016, 661, 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.056

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.056]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2331

Supplementary data for the article: Sakan, S.; Popović, A.; Škrivanj, S.; Sakan, N.; Đorđević, D. Comparison of Single Extraction Procedures and the Application of an Index for the Assessment of Heavy Metal Bioavailability in River Sediments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2016, 23 (21), 21485–21500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7341-6

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7341-6]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2347

Changes in Soil Erosion Intensity Caused by Land Use and Demographic Changes in the Jablanica River Basin, Serbia

The aim of this research is to determine the change in the spatial distribution of erosion intensity in the territory of the Jablanica River Basin in the period 1971-2016 caused by land use and demographic changes. The Erosion Potential Method (EPM) was used to quantify changes in erosion intensity and to estimate the total annual sediment yield. The research results show that the value of the erosion coefficient decreased from 0.432 in 1971 to 0.360 in 2016. Specific annual gross erosion in the Jablanica River Basin was 654.41 m(3)/km(2)/year in 1971, while in 2016 it was 472.03 m(3)/km(2)/year. The analysis of proportional changes was used to determine demographic changes and land use patterns in the basin area. In terms of the scale and intensity of the erosion process, three types and one sub-type of population dynamics of settlements and land use changes were distinguished, respectively: progressive, stagnant, regressive and dominant regressive. It was concluded that the results show the significance of demographic and land use changes in the control of the intensity of erosion. The Soil Erosion Map may be useful to planners and land use managers to take appropriate decisions for soil conservation in the basin

Supplementary material for the article: Relić, D.; Héberger, K.; Sakan, S.; Škrbić, B.; Popović, A.; Đorđević, D. Ranking and Similarity of Conventional, Microwave and Ultrasound Element Sequential Extraction Methods. Chemosphere 2018, 198, 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.200

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.200]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2109]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3250

Fullerenol nanoparticles as a new delivery system for doxorubicin

Doxorubicin is a very potent chemotherapeutic drug, however its side effects limit its clinical use. The aim of this research was to investigate the properties of a fullerenol/doxorubicin nanocomposite, its potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on malignant cell lines, as well as its toxicity towards zebra fish embryos. Chromatographic, NMR and mass spectral analysis of the nanocomposite imply that interactions between doxorubicin and fullerenol are non-covalent bonds. The stability of the nanocomposite was confirmed by the use of atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposite, compared to the free doxorubicin at equivalent concentrations, significantly decreased the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The flow cytometry results indicated that doxorubicin-loaded fullerenol could remarkably increase the uptake of doxorubicin suggesting that fullerenol might be a promising intracellular targeting carrier for the efficient delivery of antitumor drugs into tumor cells. The nanocomposite also affected cell cycle distribution. A genotoxicity test showed that the nanocomposite at all examined concentrations on MCF-7 and at lower concentrations on MDA-MB-231 cells caused DNA damage. Consequently, cell proliferation was notably reduced when compared with controls. Results of the zebrafish embryotoxicity assay showed a decreased overall toxicity, particularly cardiotoxicity and increased safety of the nanocomposite in comparison to doxorubicin alone, as manifested by a higher survival of embryos and less pericardial edema

Measurement of 60CO gamma radiation induced attenuation in multimode step-index POF at 530 nm

As optical fibres are used ever more extensively in space applications, nuclear industry, medicine and high-energy physics experiments, it has become essential to investigate the influence of ionizing radiation on their characteristics. In this work, the radiation-induced attenuation at 530 nm is investigated experimentally in step-index multimode polymethyl-methacrylate plastic optical fibres exposed to low dose-rate gamma radiation. Cumulative doses ranged from 50 Gy to 500 Gy. The radiation induced attenuation has been empirically found to obey the power law RIA= aDb, where D is the total radiation dose and a and b are the constants determined by fitting

Supplementary material for the article: Sakan, S.; Popović, A.; Anđelković, I.; Đorđević, D. Aquatic Sediments Pollution Estimate Using the Metal Fractionation, Secondary Phase Enrichment Factor Calculation, and Used Statistical Methods. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2016, 38 (3), 855–867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9766-0

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9766-0]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1940

Supplementary data for article: Filipović, N. R.; Elshaflu, H.; Grubišić, S.; Jovanović, L. S.; Rodić, M.; Novaković, I.; Malešević, A.; Djordjević, I. S.; Li, H.; Šojić, N.; et al. Co(III) Complexes of (1,3-Selenazol-2-Yl)Hydrazones and Their Sulphur Analogues. Dalton Transactions 2017, 46 (9), 2910–2924. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04785h

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04785h]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2430