Traumatske hemolitične anemije: dva prikaza slučaja i pregled literature

Two patients with intravascular hemolysis are presented. One patient had traumatic hemolytic anemia after mechanical heart valve reimplantation, and the diagnosis was made rapidly and easily. In the other patient, the diagnosis was not so easy complex and time-consuming. This patient had both, traumatic hemolytic anemia caused by orthopedic prosthesis, and neutropenia. Fragmentation was caused by interaction of red blood cells with altered intravascular surfaces or by direct physical trauma to the cells due to excessive shear forces in the circulation. The following findings are seen in intravascular hemolysis: decreased hemoglobin, increased reticulocytes and lactic dehydrogenase, decreased serum haptoglobin, and presence of shizocytes in peripheral blood smear. Patients are considered to have intravascular hemolysis when lactic dehydrogenase is >460, along with the presence of two established criteria. If not causal, therapy is supportive.Prikazana su dvojica bolesnika s intravaskularnom hemolizom, od kojih je jedan imao hemolitičnu anemiju nakon ponovljene ugradnje mehaničkog srčanog zalistka i u kojega je dijagnoza bila brza i jednostavna. U drugoga je bolesnika postavljanje dijagnoze zahtijevalo dosta vremena i truda. Ovaj je bolesnik imao mehaničku hemolitičnu anemiju uzrokovanu ortopedskim protezama, ali i neutropeniju. Fragmentacija je bila izazvana interakcijom eritrocita s promijenjenom površinom žile ili izravnom fizikalnom traumom stanica u krvotoku. Kod intravaskularne hemolize prisutni su sljedeći nalazi: sniženi hemoglobin, povišeni retikulociti i laktat dehidrogenaza, sniženi haptoglobin u serumu, te prisutnost shizocita u razmazu periferne krvi. Smatra se da bolesnici imaju intravaskularnu hemolizu kada je laktat dehidrogenaza viša od 460, uz prisutnost dvaju utvrđenih kriterija. Ako nije etiološka, terapija je potporna

Magnetic anisotropy of spin tetramer system SeCuO3_3 studied by torque magnetometry and ESR spectroscopy

We present an experimental study of macroscopic and microscopic magnetic anisotropy of a spin tetramer system SeCuO$_3$ using torque magnetometry and ESR spectroscopy. Large rotation of macroscopic magnetic axes with temperature observed from torque magnetometry agrees reasonably well with the rotation of the $\textbf{g}$ tensor above $T \gtrsim 50$~K. Below 50~K, the $\textbf{g}$ tensor is temperature independent, while macroscopic magnetic axes continue to rotate. Additionally, the susceptibility anisotropy has a temperature dependence which cannot be reconciled with the isotropic Heisenberg model of interactions between spins. ESR linewidth analysis shows that anisotropic exchange interaction must be present in SeCuO$_3$. These findings strongly support the presence of anisotropic exchange interactions in the Hamiltonian of the studied system. Below $T_N=8$~K, the system enters a long - range antiferromagnetically ordered state with easy axis along the $^*$ direction. Small but significant rotation of magnetic axes is also observed in the antiferromagnetically ordered state suggesting strong spin-lattice coupling in this system.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure

ODNOS PROMJENE U STRUKTURI FINANCIJSKE IMOVINE I NEREALIZIRANIH DOBITAKA/GUBITAKA OD FER VRIJEDNOSTI : Diplomski rad

U ovom radu se provela analiza različitih utjecaja na udio fer vrijednosti financijske imovine i na fer vrijednost dobitka u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Analiza se provela na uzorku od 291 europske banke za razdoblje od 2014.-2016. godine. Rezultati analize utvrđuju kako na udio fer vrijednosti financijske imovine utječe profitabilnost s pozitivnim predznakom, dok na fer vrijednost dobitka u odnosu na prethodnu godinu pozitivno utječe udio fer vrijednosti financijske imovine. Međutim varijable kapital u ukupnoj imovini, promjena fer vrijednosti dobitka u odnosu na prethodnu godinu i gubitak od zajmova u bruto zajmovima nemaju utjecaj na promjenu udjela fer vrijednosti financijske imovine, a kapital u ukupnoj imovini skupa s gubitkom od zajmova u bruto zajmovima i profitabilnošću, također nemaju utjecaj ali na varijablu promjenu fer vrijednosti dobitka u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. U konačnici, rezultat istraživanja ukazuje na to da banke neovisno ostvarivale dobitke ili gubitke neće ovisno o tome povećavati ili smanjivati udio fer vrijednost imovine, dok ako banka ima informaciju s kojom mogu procijeniti rast tržišne vrijednosti ona će povećavati udio tih kategorija financijske imovine.This paper analyses different influence on fair value share on assets and on fair value of gains comparing previous year. Analyse has been provided on sample size of 291 European banks in the period of 2014.-2016. The results of mentioned analyse determine that profit has positive effect on the fair value share of financial assets, and that also positive effect has fair value share of financial assets on the fair value of gains. However, variables equity in total assets, fair value change of gain or loss, loan loss in gross loans don't have influence on change of fair value share of financial assets, and equity in total assets, loan loss in gross loans and profitability also has no influence but on variable change of fair value of gains comparing the last year. For the end, the result of this research indicates that independently if banks expect gains or losses, the same one will not increase or reduce the fair values share of assets, but if bank has information that can estimate growth of market value she will increase share of that financial assets categories

ANALIZA BONITETNIH INFORMACIJA OBRAZACA BON-1 I BONPLUS ZA AD PLASTIK D.D. : završni

Menadžersko računovodstvo je bitna grana računovodstva zbog informacija koje pruži različitim korisnicima. Bonitetne informacije otkrivaju kako posluje poduzeće i služe da bi se donijele odluke. Podaci koji su od relevantne važnosti su: da li poduzeće posluje profitabilno, ekonomično, rentabilno, da li posluje sa dobitkom ili gubitkom, kakvi su odnosi sa kupcima i dobavljačima, da li podmiruje obveze, jeli financijski stabilno. U radu su se koristili obrasci BON-1 i BONPLUS. BON-1 obrazac se koristi da bi se otkrio bonitet poduzeća, također da bi se poduzeće moglo uspoređivati sa ostalim poduzećima. Kod obrasca BONPLUS, uz ostale podatke koje nam pruži obrazac BON-1, jako bitna stavka je ocjena financijskog rejtinga koja služi da bi se saznala informacija o riziku zastoja plaćanja poduzeća. S obzirom na suvremenost, brzinu promjena, održavanje poduzeća kao stabilnog u takvim uvjetima, od iznimne važnosti je kvaliteta informacija koja mu se pruža.Management accountancy is an important segment of accountancy due to the type of information it provides to a manager. Solvency (or business oundness) information reveal the details of business operations and are used in decision making. The relevant data are: profitability of a business entity, its economic viability, solvency, its relations with customers and suppliers, timeliness of obligatory payments, financial stability etc. BON-1 and BONPLUS forms were used in preparation of this thesis. BON-1 form was used to establish the solvency of the business entity as well as for the purpose of comparison between different business entities. In using the BONPLUS form, in addition to the information provided through the BON-1 form, a highly relevant element is the assessment of the financial rating. This can be used as a source of information on the risk of delays in payments by the business entity in question. Considering the actuality, the speed of the change and the need to maintain the business stable under suchcircumstances, the quality of information offered to it is of extreme importance

AROMATASE INHIBITORS (CYP19) : STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS AND IMPORTANCE IN THERAPY

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je proučavanje mogućeg nastanka karcinoma dojke, uzrokovanog metaboličkim promjenama na estrogenim hormonima, a pod utjecajem enzimskih sustava koji u tim reakcijama sudjeluju. Prikazani su glavni metabolički putovi estrogenih hormona kao i metaboličke promjene lijekova koji se koriste u liječenju karcinoma dojke s posebnim naglaskom na inhibitore aromataze. Opisane su reakcije I. i II. faze biotransformacije kroz koje prolazi najpotentnija treća generacija inhibitora aromataze – anastrozol, letrozol i eksemestan. Anastrozol podliježe N-dealkilaciji, hidroksilaciji i glukuronidaciji. Letrozol podliježe N-dealkilaciji, te pod utjecajem enzima CYP ostaje produkt koji se zove karbinol koji potom podliježe procesu glukuronidacije. Eksemestan podliježe redukciji keto skupine u položaju 17, oksidaciji metilenske grupe u položaju 6, te glukuronidaciji. Opisane su i najvažnije interakcije anastrozola, letrozola i eksemestana.The aim of this graduate thesis is to study the possible emergence of breast cancer caused by metabolic changes on estrogen hormones and under the influence of the enzymatic systems involved in these reactions. The main metabolic pathways of estrogenic hormones have been described as well as the metabolic changes of the drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer with particular emphasis on aromatase inhibitors. The reactions of biotransformation of phases I and II of the most potent third generation of aromatase inhibitors - anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane have been described. Anastrozole is subjected to N-dealkylation, hydroxylation and glucuronidation. Letrozole is subjected to N-dealkylation, and under the influence of the CYP enzymes remains a product called carbinol which is then subjected to the glucuronidation process. The exemestane is subjected to reduction of the keto group at position 17, oxidation of the methylene group at position 6, and glucuronidation. The most important interactions of anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane are also described

ANALIZA BONITETNIH INFORMACIJA OBRAZACA BON-1 I BONPLUS ZA AD PLASTIK D.D. : završni

Menadžersko računovodstvo je bitna grana računovodstva zbog informacija koje pruži različitim korisnicima. Bonitetne informacije otkrivaju kako posluje poduzeće i služe da bi se donijele odluke. Podaci koji su od relevantne važnosti su: da li poduzeće posluje profitabilno, ekonomično, rentabilno, da li posluje sa dobitkom ili gubitkom, kakvi su odnosi sa kupcima i dobavljačima, da li podmiruje obveze, jeli financijski stabilno. U radu su se koristili obrasci BON-1 i BONPLUS. BON-1 obrazac se koristi da bi se otkrio bonitet poduzeća, također da bi se poduzeće moglo uspoređivati sa ostalim poduzećima. Kod obrasca BONPLUS, uz ostale podatke koje nam pruži obrazac BON-1, jako bitna stavka je ocjena financijskog rejtinga koja služi da bi se saznala informacija o riziku zastoja plaćanja poduzeća. S obzirom na suvremenost, brzinu promjena, održavanje poduzeća kao stabilnog u takvim uvjetima, od iznimne važnosti je kvaliteta informacija koja mu se pruža.Management accountancy is an important segment of accountancy due to the type of information it provides to a manager. Solvency (or business oundness) information reveal the details of business operations and are used in decision making. The relevant data are: profitability of a business entity, its economic viability, solvency, its relations with customers and suppliers, timeliness of obligatory payments, financial stability etc. BON-1 and BONPLUS forms were used in preparation of this thesis. BON-1 form was used to establish the solvency of the business entity as well as for the purpose of comparison between different business entities. In using the BONPLUS form, in addition to the information provided through the BON-1 form, a highly relevant element is the assessment of the financial rating. This can be used as a source of information on the risk of delays in payments by the business entity in question. Considering the actuality, the speed of the change and the need to maintain the business stable under suchcircumstances, the quality of information offered to it is of extreme importance

Photovoltaic Panels: A Review of the Cooling Techniques

In this paper, current advances in cooling techniques and temperature control of photovoltaic (PV) panels in general, are analyzed and discussed. Namely, it is well known that a decrease in the panel temperature will lead to an increase in electrical efficiency, so in recent years different cooling techniques have been proposed and tested experimentally. The efficiency drops with the rise in temperature, with a magnitude of approximately 0.5 %/°C. Several cooling techniques have been tried, mostly based on active water and air cooling, as these are the simplest techniques. Other cooling techniques include conductive cooling, phase-change material cooling, etc. Increase in electrical efficiency depends on cooling techniques, type and size of the module, geographical position and the season of the year, and usually corresponds with a rise of 3-5 % in overall efficiency. Finally, a perspective on the other cooling techniques for PV panels will be also elaborated on and discussed in this paper