Effect of milling and annealing on microstructural, electrical and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Ni-11.3fe-1.4W alloy

A nanostructured Ni-11.3Fe-1.4W alloy deposit was obtained from an ammonium citrate bath at a current density of 600 mAcm -2. XRD analysis shows that the deposit contains an amorphous matrix having embedded nanocrystals of the FCC phase of the solid solution of Fe and W in Ni with the average crystal grain size of 8.8 nm. The deposit has a high internal microstrain value and a high minimum density of chaotically distributed dislocations. The effect of milling and annealing of the Ni-11.3Fe-1.4W alloy on electrical and magnetic properties was studied. Structural changes in the alloy take place during both annealing and milling. Upon deposition, the alloy was heated to 420 °C. Heating resulted in structural relaxation which induced a decrease in electrical resistivity and an increase in magnetic permeability of the alloy. Further heating of the alloy at temperatures higher than 420 °C led to crystallization which caused a reduction in both electrical resistivity and magnetic permeability. The milling of the alloy for up to 12 hours caused a certain degree of structural relaxation and crystallization of the alloy. The increase in crystal grain size up to 11 nm and the partial structural relaxation induced a decrease in electrical resistivity and an increase in magnetic permeability of the alloy. Heating the powders obtained by milling at 420 °C led to complete structural relaxation, reduced electrical resistivity, and increased magnetic permeability. During heating of the powders obtained by milling at temperatures above 420 °C, crystallization and a significant increase in crystal grain size occurred, leading to a reduction in both electrical resistivity and magnetic permeability. The best magnetic properties were exhibited by the alloys milled for 12 hours and annealed thereafter at 420 °C. In these alloys, crystal grains were found to have an optimum size, and complete relaxation took place, resulting in a maximum increase in magnetic permeability

Neuroscience and CSR : using EEG for assessing the effectiveness of branded videos related to environmental issues

The majority of studies evaluating the effectiveness of branded CSR campaigns are concentrated and base their conclusions on data collection through self-reporting questionnaires. Although such studies provide insights for evaluating the effectiveness of CSR communication methods, analysing the message that is communicated, the communication channel used and the explicit brain responses of those for whom the message is intended, they lack the ability to fully encapsulate the problem of communicating environmental messages by not taking into consideration what the recipients’ implicit brain reactions are presenting. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of CSR video communications relating to environmental issues through the lens of the recipients’ implicit self, by employing neuroscience-based assessments. For the examination of implicit brain perception, an electroencephalogram (EEG) was used, and the collected data was analysed through three indicators identified as the most influential indicators on human behaviour. These three indicators are emotional valence, the level of brain engagement and cognitive load. The study is conducted on individuals from the millennial generation in Thessaloniki, Greece, whose implicit brain responses to seven branded commercial videos are recorded. The seven videos were a part of CSR campaigns addressing environmental issues. Simultaneously, the self-reporting results from the participants were gathered for a comparison between the explicit and implicit brain responses. One of the key findings of the study is that the explicit and implicit brain responses differ to the extent that the CSR video communications’ brain friendliness has to be taken into account in the future, to ensure success. The results of the study provide an insight for the future creation process, conceptualisation, design and content of the effective CSR communication, in regard to environmental issues

A fixed point theorem in strictly convex b-fuzzy metric spaces

The main motivation for this paper is to investigate the fixed point property for non-expansive mappings defined on $b$-fuzzy metric spaces. First, following the idea of S. Ješić's result from 2009, we introduce convex, strictly convex and normal structures for sets in $b$-fuzzy metric spaces. By using topological methods and these notions, we prove the existence of fixed points for self-mappings defined on $b$-fuzzy metric spaces satisfying a nonlinear type condition. This result generalizes and improves many previously known results, such as W. Takahashi's result on metric spaces from 1970. A representative example illustrating the main result is provided

Failure analysis method for enhancing circularity through systems perspective

Recently, a circular economy has attracted global attention as an approach for addressing material security and resource-efficiency issues. As our societies shift toward a circular economy, manufacturers need to not only produce environmentally conscious products but to also realize reliable systems that will ensure the closure of the loops of the products, components, and materials. To do so, early-stage design is crucial to effectively and efficiently detect possible failures and then take adequate countermeasures against them. Although a few methods of failure analysis have been proposed to address environmental issues, these methods have failed to consider the cause–effect relationships among failures. This will hinder manufacturers from identifying core problems that should be addressed in a given system. Therefore, this study extends failure mode and effect analysis, which is an engineering technique used to address potential failures, by addressing the entire system reliability in relation to circularity. As a result of a case study of a manufacturer aiming to increase circularity with their products on the market, we revealed that the proposed method is useful in the early stage of design to (a) identify failure modes where effects are largely given to or received from other failures, (b) develop countermeasures effectively by addressing root causes of failures, and (c) find an opportunity to collaborate with external actors

Thought and mood/arousal disturbances as central broad dimensions in youth psychopathology : A network analysis

Mounting evidence has implicated that the structure of psychopathology is better conceptualized as dimensional and not categorical as well as hierarchical [1-3]. A hierarchical structure includes a broad general dimension of psychopathology and more specific dimensions that capture distinct aspects of psychopathology [3]. Studies inquiring into the structure of psychopathology in youth are limited, but highly needed to provide the basis for aetiological research. A network paradigm could offer a novel way to study the structure of psychopathological dimensions revealing dynamics behind their interrelations.This study was based on the previous analysis that aimed to map various psychopathological symptoms and personality traits within the hierarchical structure based on the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) [2] in a multinational sample of 3923 community adolescents (34.7% males, aged 15 to 19 years) (https://osf.io/fujxa/). Twelve specific components were derived via sequential principal component analysis (PCA) and further analysed here: thought dysfunction, low mood, fearfulness, anxiety, physiological hyperarousal, attentional dysfunction, disruptive mood, antisocial behaviour, antagonistic behaviour, detachment, self-destructive behaviour, and substance use. These components were an input to a network analysis to study the grouping/node communities, interconnectedness, and centrality of them. The analyses include Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA; model=glasso) for dimensionality/grouping analysis and network analysis (EBICglasso estimation performed on Spearman correlations) performed in EGAnet and bootnet packages in R. We used Strength and Expected Influence as centrality measures. Components are represented as nodes in the network.The EGA suggested four dimensions/node communities: the first consisting of substance use and antisocial behaviour, the second composed of self-destructive behaviour and disruptive mood, the third consisting of antagonism and detachment, and the fourth consisting of thought dysfunction, low mood, physiological arousal, anxiety, attentional dysfunction, and fearfulness. The network analysis revealed that thought dysfunction, physiological arousal, low mood, and disruptive mood were the most central nodes in the network suggesting their interconnectedness with all other nodes in the network.Our network analysis revealed that specific psychopathological subfactors in youth could be clustered into four broader separate dimensions. Specifically, thought and mood/arousal disturbances proved to be most interconnected with all other nodes/subfactors in the network suggesting that these subfactors could be central in youth psychopathology. This result reinforces earlier observations, indicating that thought dysfunction encompasses more than just disordered thought content and forms; it also represents a transdiagnostic phenomenon that spans various disorder dimensions [5]. Thought dysfunction is primarily associated with psychosis but it is also an indication of a broader inability to regulate thinking processes in general (i.e., dysfunctional processes) and extends to other cognitive-rational disturbances [1]. In addition, these findings also align with previous findings that negative affectivity (mostly related to individual differences in experiences of negative emotions), like low or disruptive mood and arousal difficulties highly likely underly general psychopathology [1].CC BY 4.0</p

Effect of milling and annealing on microstructural, electrical and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Ni-11.3 Fe-1.4w alloy

A nanostructured Ni-11.3Fe-1.4W alloy deposit was obtained from an ammonium citrate bath at a current density of 600 mAcm-2. XRD analysis shows that the deposit contains an amorphous matrix having embedded nanocrystals of the FCC phase of the solid solution of Fe and W in Ni with the average crystal grain size of 8.8 nm. The deposit has a high internal microstrain value and a high minimum density of chaotically distributed dislocations. The effect of milling and annealing of the Ni-11.3Fe-1.4W alloy on electrical and magnetic properties was studied. Structural changes in the alloy take place during both annealing and milling. Upon deposition, the alloy was heated to 420ºC. Heating resulted in structural relaxation which induced a decrease in electrical resistivity and an increase in magnetic permeability of the alloy. Further heating of the alloy at temperatures higher than 4200C led to crystallization which caused a reduction in both electrical resistivity and magnetic permeability. The milling of the alloy for up to 12 hours caused a certain degree of structural relaxation and crystallization of the alloy. The increase in crystal grain size up to 11 nm and the partial structural relaxation induced a decrease in electrical resistivity and an increase in magnetic permeability of the alloy. Heating the powders obtained by milling at 4200C led to complete structural relaxation, reduced electrical resistivity, and increased magnetic permeability. During heating of the powders obtained by milling at temperatures above 420ºC, crystallization and a significant increase in crystal grain size occurred, leading to a reduction in both electrical resistivity and magnetic permeability. The best magnetic properties were exhibited by the alloys milled for 12 hours and annealed thereafter at 420ºC. In these alloys, crystal grains were found to have an optimum size, and complete relaxation took place, resulting in a maximum increase in magnetic permeability.Nanostrukturni depozit legure Ni-11,3Fe-1,4W dobijen je elektrodepozicijom iz amonijačno-citratnog kupatila na gustini struje 600 mAcm-2. XRD analiza je pokazala da se depozit sastoji od amorfne matrice u kojoj su smešteni nanokristali FCC faze čvrstog rastvora Fe i W u Ni čije su prosečne dimenzije 8,8 nm. Proučavan je uticaj mlevenja i odgrevanja legure Ni-11,3Fe-1,4W na električna i magnetna svojstva. Strukturne promene legure se odigravaju i tokom odgrevanja i tokom mlevenja. Odmah nakon deponovanja legura je zagrevana do 420ºC. Tokom zagrevanja došlo je do procesa strukturne relaksacije koja je uzrokovala smanjenje električne otpornosti i povećanje magnetne permeabilnosti legure. Daljim zagrevanjem legure na temperaturama višim od 4200C odvija se proces kristalizacije koji dovodi do smanjenja i električne otpornosti i magnetne permeabilnosti. Mlevenjem legure do 12 časova u leguri se u izvesnoj meri odvijaju i proces strukturne relaksacije i proces kristalizacije. Porast kristalnih zrna do 11 nm i delimična strukturna relaksacija uzrokuju smanjenje električne otpornosti i povećanje magnetne permeabilnosti legure. Zagrevanjem prahova dobijenih mlevenjem do 4200C dolazi do potpune strukturne relaksacije, smanjenja električne otpornosti i povećanje magnetne permeabilnosti. Tokom zagrevanja prahova dobijenih mlevenjem na temperaturama višim od 420ºC dolazi do kristalizacije i značajnog porasta veličine kristalnih zrna, a to dovodi do smanjenja i električne otpornosti i magnetne permeabilnosti. Najbolja magnetna svojstva imaju legure mlevene 12 časova, a zatim odgrejane na 420ºC. U ovim legurama kristalna zrna imaju optimalnu veličinu, a proces relaksacije se potpuno odigrao, što uzrokuje maksimalan porast magnetne permeabilnosti