Vessel tractography using an intensity based tensor model with branch detection

In this paper, we present a tubular structure seg- mentation method that utilizes a second order tensor constructed from directional intensity measurements, which is inspired from diffusion tensor image (DTI) modeling. The constructed anisotropic tensor which is fit inside a vessel drives the segmen- tation analogously to a tractography approach in DTI. Our model is initialized at a single seed point and is capable of capturing whole vessel trees by an automatic branch detection algorithm developed in the same framework. The centerline of the vessel as well as its thickness is extracted. Performance results within the Rotterdam Coronary Artery Algorithm Evaluation framework are provided for comparison with existing techniques. 96.4% average overlap with ground truth delineated by experts is obtained in addition to other measures reported in the paper. Moreover, we demonstrate further quantitative results over synthetic vascular datasets, and we provide quantitative experiments for branch detection on patient Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) volumes, as well as qualitative evaluations on the same CTA datasets, from visual scores by a cardiologist expert

Vessel tractography using an intensity based tensor model

In this paper, we propose a novel tubular structure segmen- tation method, which is based on an intensity-based tensor that fits to a vessel. Our model is initialized with a single seed point and it is ca- pable of capturing whole vessel tree by an automatic branch detection algorithm. The centerline of the vessel as well as its thickness is extracted. We demonstrated the performance of our algorithm on 3 complex contrast varying tubular structured synthetic datasets for quantitative validation. Additionally, extracted arteries from 10 CTA (Computed Tomography An- giography) volumes are qualitatively evaluated by a cardiologist expert’s visual scores

An automatic branch and stenoses detection in computed tomography angiography

In this work, we present an automatic branch and stenoses de- tection method that is capable of detecting all types of plaques in Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) modality. Our method is based on the vessel extraction algorithm we pro- posed in [1], and detects branches and stenoses in a very fast way. We demonstrate the performance of our branch detection method on 3 complex tubular structured synthetic datasets for quantitative validation. Additionally, we show the preliminary results of stenoses detection algorithm on 11 CTA volumes, which are qualitatively evaluated by a cardiol- ogist expert

The Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity in Young Adults with Methamphetamine Use Disorder

Objective: Recently, it has been observed that the prevalence of substance use in young adulthood has increased. Comorbidity of anxiety disorders is high in individuals with substance use disorder. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and social anxiety in young adults using methamphetamine. Material and Methods: 101 patients diagnosed with methamphetamine use disorder were included in the study. Participants were evaluated with sociodemographic data form, Addiction Profile Index (BAPI), Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Inventory (LSAI) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3). Results: It was determined that 70.3% of the subjects with SUD were diagnosed as SAD. ASI-3, SCL-90-R and BAPI scores were statistically significantly higher in the SAD group than in the non-SAD group (p<0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was found in the SAD group between the LSAI-fear/anxiety subscale scores and ADI-3 total (r=0.26, p<0.05), ADI-3 cognitive(r=0.34, p<0.05) and SCL-90-R total scores (r=0.28, p<0.05). No correlation was found between LSAI scores and ADI-3 total and subscale scores in the non-SAD group (p>0.05). Conclusion: It can be suggested that anxiety sensitivity is a common risk factor for both methamphetamine use disorder and social anxiety. Social anxiety symptoms should be questioned in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder and substance addiction treatment should be carried out together with social anxiety disorder treatment

A cerebral blood vessels segmentation method using a flux based second order tensor model

In this paper, we view the segmentation of cerebral blood vessels from Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) and Rotational Angiography (RA) problem from a tensor estimation and tractography perspective as in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We have developed a flux based multi-directional cylinder model that fits to a second-order tensor whose principal eigenvector represents the vessel's centerline. This anisotropic tensor inside the vessel drives the segmentation analogously to a tractography approach in DTI analysis starting from a seed point used as initialization

Sinaps Disi Ileti

Information in the brain is transmits by both synaptic and nonsynaptic neurotransmission (NSN). NSN includes the diffusion through the extracellular fluid of neurotransmitters released from nonsynaptic varicosities and high-affinity transmitter receptors and transporters. This high-affinity uptake system is the target of many neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and nitric oxide (NO) and also many drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants, psychostimulants serotonin reuptake blockers, and anticonvulsants. NSN also includes the diffusion of substances such as NO and carbon monoxide (CO) through both extracellular fluid and cellular membranes. It has been shown that NO can influence the function of uptake carrier systems. In this paper, the possible roles of NSN in the brain activity and drug actions are reviewed. ÖZET SD‹, sinaps d›.› varikositlerden sal›nan hücre d›.› s›v›n›n yay›lmas›,yüksek afiniteli reseptörler ve ta.›y›c›lar arac›l›¤› ile gerçekle.ir.Bu yüksek afiniteli al›m sistemleri noradrenalin, dopamin, seroto-nin, asetilkolin, nitrik oksit (NO) gibi birçok nörotransmitteri, tri-siklik antidepresanlar, psikostimulanlar, serotonin geri al›m blo-kerler ve antikonvulzanlar gibi ilaçlar› hedef al›r. SD‹ ayn› zaman-da NO, karbon monoksit gibi maddelerin hücre d›.› s›v› ve hücremembranlar›na yay›lmas›n› da içerir. NO’un ta.›y›c› sistemlerin i.-levlerini etkileyebildi¤i de gösterilmi.tir. Bu yaz›da SD‹’nin beyinaktivitesinde ve ilaç etkisindeki olas› rolleri gözden geçirilmekte-dir

Effects of Ozone on Injury after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

BACKGROUND: At present, gamma knife radiosurgery plays an important role in neurosurgical procedures. Gamma knife radiosurgery has been used to treat many types of brain tumors and as a functional intervention. However, gamma knife treatment has a devastating effect on the normal brain parenchyma surrounding the target point. It causes increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, and swelling in endothelial cells. Ozone has antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects in the body. Thus, we evaluated the radioprotective effects of ozone in rats undergoing gamma knife radiation. METHODS: In the present study, 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 250-300 g in 3 groups of 8 rats each were used. The rats were selected randomly. The control group did not receive any gamma knife radiation. The other 2 groups received 50 Gy of radiation, with 1 group given ozone treatment and the other group not given ozone treatment after gamma knife radiosurgery. At 12 weeks after gamma knife radiation, the rats were sacrificed with high-dose anesthetic agents and the tissues prepared for evaluation. The slides were evaluated for necrosis, vacuolization, glial proliferation, and vascular proliferation using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (also known as CD147) were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: VEGF expression in glial tissue was significantly less in the group receiving ozone (chi(2) = 15.00; df = 4; P = 0.005) compared with the group that had not received ozone and was similar to the expression in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The lower expression of VEGF in the group receiving ozone might cause less edema in the surrounding tissue owing to less degradation of vascular permeability in the rat brain tissue

Investigation of attachment dimensions in panic disorder and major depression

Malatya Devlet Hastanesi Psikiyatri KliniğiYeşilyurt Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Merkezi, Malatyaİnönü Üniversitesi Tıp FakültesiAmaç: Bu çalışmada, erken yaşantıların bağlanmada kaygı ve kaçınmayı etkileyip etkilemediği ve bağlanmada kaygı ve kaçınmanın majör depresyon (MD) tanısı konulan hastaları panik bozukluğu (PB) tanısı konulanlardan ayırt edip etmeyeceği araştırıldı. Hastalar ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ekim 2009 - Ekim 2011 tarihleri arasında İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Psikiyatri kliniğine başvuran, Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı-IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) tanı ölçütlerine göre PB tanısı konulan (PB grubu) 100 hasta (32 erkek, 68 kadın; ort. yaş 34.2±1.04 yıl) ve MD tanısı konulan (MD grubu) 100 hasta (34 erkek, 66 kadın; ort. yaş 34.1±9.03 yıl) ile PB veya MD sorunu olmayan 146 sağlıklı birey (kontrol grubu) (54 erkek, 92 kadın; ort. yaş 33.2±9.4 yıl) dahil edildi. Panik bozukluğu ve MD tanısı DSM-IV-TR kriterlerine göre düzenlenmiş yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak konuldu. Bulgular: Majör depresyon ve PB grubunun bağlanmada kaygı ve kaçınma puanı sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla istatiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde daha yüksekti. Majör depresyon hastalarının bağlanmada kaygı puanı hem kontrollere hem de PB hastalarına kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Majör depresyon ve PB hastaları arasında bağlanmada kaçınma puanı açısından anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Majör depresyon hastalarında altı aydan az anne sütü almış olmanın anlamlı farklılık oluşturduğu görüldü. Erken dönem yaşantılarının bağlanmada kaygı ve kaçınmayı anlamlı olarak etkilemediği görüldü. Sonuç: Panik bozukluğu hastalarında sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla bağlanmada kaygı ve kaçınma puanının yüksek, bağlanmada kaygı puanının MD hastalarından düşük çıkması, Malatya örnekleminin Türkiye örneklemi ile uyumlu olduğunu gösterdi. Çalışmamız MD ve PB hastalarında ve sağlıklı kontrollerde bağlanma boyutlarının farklılaştığına işaret etmektedir.Objectives: This study aims to investigate if early experiences affect anxiety and avoidance in attachment and if anxiety and avoidance in attachment may differentiate patients diagnosed as major depression (MD) from patients diagnosed as panic disorder (PD). Patients and methods: The study included 100 patients (32 males, 68 females; mean age 34.2±1.04 years) diagnosed as PB and 100 patients (34 males, 66 females; mean age 34.1±9.03 years) diagnosed as MD who admitted to Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center Psychiatry Clinic between October 2009 and October 2011 and diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria, and 146 healthy individuals (control group) (54 males, 92 females; mean age 33.2±9.4 years) with no PB or MD problem. Diagnoses of PD and MD were established using the structured interview form prepared according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Results: Anxiety and avoidance in attachment scores of the MD and PD group were statistically significantly higher than the healthy controls. Anxiety in attachment score of MD patients was significantly higher compared to both controls and PD patients. There was no significant difference between MD and PD patients in terms of avoidance in attachment score. It was observed that having been breast-fed less than six months created a significant difference in MD patients. It was shown that early experiences did not significantly affect anxiety and avoidance in attachment. Conclusion: The facts that anxiety and avoidance in attachment score was higher compared to healthy controls and anxiety in attachment score was lower than MD patients in PD patients revealed that the Malatya sample is compatible with the Turkey sample. Our study indicates that attachment dimensions differ in MD and PD patients and healthy controls

Testosterone and 17-OH progesteron levels in women with depression and the effects of antidepressant treatment

Objective: Women suffer from depression more often than males, indicating that sex hormones might be involved in the etiology of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether testosterone and 17-OH progesterone are related to the pathophysiology of depression in depressed women. We also investigated if any alteration takes place in these hormonal variables with antidepressant treatment. Methods: Forty female inpatients suffering from a depressive episode and 20 healthy female controls were recruited in the study. In the patient and control groups, serum total testosterone, 17-OH progesterone and SHBG levels were assayed. Pharmacotherapy was given to the patient group for 6-10 weeks (venlafaxine n=19, fluoxetine n=12, imipramine n=9). Hormonal measurements were repeated after the treatment in the patient group who responded to antidepressant treatment. Results: Serum testosterone levels were higher in the depressive women than in the healthy women. The testosterone levels were normalized by antidepressant treatment. 17-OH progesterone and SHBG levels did not differ between patients and controls. Conclusions: The result of normalized testosterone levels with pharmacotherapy suggests that testosterone may have a relationship with depression. Elevated levels of testosterone in depressed women might be a result of over activation of the adrenal glands, which are the main source of this hormone in women. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 11:285-292

Koroner Arter Baypas Grefti İçin Farklı Yöntemler Kullanılarak Alınan Safen Veninin Apopitotik İndekslerinin Karşılaştırılması

Amaç: Koroner arter grefti olarak kullanılan safen venin hazırlanmasında farklı cerrahi toplama tekniklerikullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı koroner arter baypas greftlemesi (KABG) için kullanılan safen ven hazırlamaişlemlerinden geleneksel yöntem ile “no-touch” tekniği arasında apoptotik indeks açısından farklılığı araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: KABG uygulanan 40 hastada geleneksel ve “no-touch” cerrahi yöntemleri kullanılarak toplanansafen venlerde apopitoz bakılarak prospektif, randomize bir klinik çalışma yapıldı. Toplanan safen ven parçalarıparaformaldehitte bekletilerek tespit edildi. Kriyo cihazı ile 5 mikrometre kalınlığında kesitler alındı. Örnekler modifiyeTUNEL yöntemi ile işaretlenerek apopitotik hücre ölümleri gösterildi. Doku kesitlerindeki TUNEL (+) ve (-) hücrelerStereo Investigator version 7.5 görüntü işleme yazılımı kullanılarak tarafsız ve eşit 100 çerçeveye optik olarakbölünmüş alanlarda sayıldı. Apoptotik indeks; Hücre / Toplam Hücre oranı kullanılarak hesaplandı. Sonuçlar bağımsızgruplarda t testi ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Geleneksel yöntem ile “no-touch” tekniği apoptotik indeksleri karşılaştırıldı. Geleneksel tekniğinuygulandığı grubunun apoptotik indeksi “no-touch” tekniği uygulanan diğer gruba göre anlamlı oranda yüksekbulundu. Mekanik ve yapısal koruma venin etrafını kuşatan yastıkçıklar tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Bu yastıkçıklardaapoptotik hücre ölümünün daha az görülmesi safen vendeki doku hasarının daha az olduğunu gösterir.Sonuç: Safen ven grefti hazırlamasında geleneksel yöntem yerine ‘no-touch’ cerrahi tekniğinin tercih edilmesi ile dokuhasarı ve vazospazm oluşumunun azalabileceği ve baypas sonrası greftin açık kalma olasılığının artabileceği sonucunaulaşıldı