Genetic relationships of Thrace and Yigilca honey bee populations based on microsatellite structure

Thrace and Yigilca honey bees, two important honey bee ecotypes in apicultural activity of Turkey, are the subject of genetic conservation effort. In this study, the genetic structure and diversity of honey bee populations from Thrace and Yigilca were investigated using 27 microsatellites. Except Kirklareli and Yigilca (Fst: 0.14), it was observed lower genetic divergence between the populations based on the value of pairwise Fst. Although Thrace populations (Edirne, Tekirdag and Kirklareli) were not fully separated from each other, Yigilca population was significantly separated from Kirklareli and separated slightly from the rest of other populations. The calculated gene diversity of the populations ranged from 0.44 in Kirklareli to 0.56 in Edirne and Tekirdag. Despite the high genetic diversity within the populations, the significant heterozygous deficiency found in Kirklareli may be due to repeated and controlled swarming of the selected colonies by beekeepers. These factors could have contributed the observed genotypic homogenization within Kirklareli honey bee population. Our results demonstrate that genetic differantiation of Thrace and Yigilca populations is still conserved, but gene flow is not prevented by the current management strategies, creating urgent demand for an improved conservation management of honey bee populations.Duzce UniversityDuzce University [20100501038]The research was supported by Duzce University Scientific Research fund through A research project (DUBAP Project no:20100501038). We thank beekeepers for providing the honey bee samples and their cooperation. We also thank Davud Gur for his support during the collection of some of the samples for this study

Post traumatic stress and anxiety in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the diseases in which psychiatric complications develop, with initiation of treatment, and having cardiac, patient-specific behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety in patients that experience ACS. The relationship between PTSD symptoms and anxiety and the relationship between these psychological conditions and certain personal characteristics were reviewed. Methods: In this study, which was prospective and descriptive, 215 patients who experienced ACS were evaluated in the first month after ACS. The data in the research was collected using the Patient Identification Form, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Scale Self-Report (PSS-SR) and Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T). Results: 70.2% of the patients were male and 31.2% were retired. The PSS-SR mean score was 28.40 ± 10.42 and the mean STAI-T score was 57.65 ± 12:37. Between the STAI and PSS-SR there was a statistically significant positive correlation. In women, workers, grade 1 obese patients, those using alcohol, and those with chronic disease the average PSS-SR scores were significantly higher. Housewives, illiterate individuals and 1st degree obese patients had a higher average score of anxiety, as well as patients with chronic diseases and higher alcohol use.

Stereological analysis of sciatic nerve in chickens following neonatal pinealectomy: an experimental study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although the injury to the peripheral nervous system is a common clinical problem, understanding of the role of melatonin in nerve degeneration and regeneration is incomplete.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The current study investigated the effects of neonatal pinealectomy on the sciatic nerve microarchitecture in the chicken. The chickens were divided into two equal groups: unpinealectomized controls and pinealectomized chickens. At the end of the study, biochemical examination of 10 sciatic nerve samples from both groups was performed and a quantitative stereological evaluation of 10 animals in each group was performed. The results were compared using Mann-Whitney test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, the results of axon number and thickness of the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber in newly hatched pinealectomy group were higher than those in control group. Similarly, surgical pinealectomy group had significantly larger axonal cross-sectional area than the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the average hydroxyproline content of the nerve tissue in neonatal pinealectomy group was higher than those found in control group. Our results suggest that melatonin may play a role on the morphologic features of the peripheral nerve tissue and that melatonin deficiency might be a pathophysiological mechanism in some degenerative diseases of peripheral nerves. The changes demonstrated by quantitative morphometric methods and biochemical analysis has been interpreted as a reflection of the effects of melatonin upon nerve tissue.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In the light of these results from present animal study, changes in sciatic nerve morphometry may be indicative of neuroprotective feature of melatonin, but this suggestion need to be validated in the human setting.</p

Türkiye Bal Arıları Genetik Farklarının Koloni Dayanıklılığına (Vitality) Etkileri

TÜBİTAK KBAG Proje01.11.201

Kasko sigortalarının hasar-maliyet analizi ve Türkiye uygulamaları

Sigorta şirketlerinin hasar yönetimi teknik karlılıklarını koruyabilmeleri açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki kasko sigortasının araç sayıları ile ilişkilendirilerek pazar büyüklüğü, potansiyeli ve sigortalılık oranları incelenmiştir. Kasko poliçelerinde son yıllarda meydana gelen teknik karlılığın azalmasına ilişkin incelemeler yapılmış ve sigorta priminin hesaplamasında kullanılan risk faktörleri ve bu faktörlerin Avrupa Birliği(AB) ülkeleri ile karşılaştırmaları yapılmış, sigortacılıkta meydana gelen ve ilerde oluşabilecek inovasyonlara ve son dönemde ortaya çıkan nesnelerin internetinin getirebileceği sorun ve iyileşmelere değinilmiştir. Hasar yönetimi sigorta şirketinin en kritik noktalarından birisidir. Öyle ki müşteri memnuniyetine ve prim fiyatlarına doğrudan etki edip aynı zamanda şirket imajına da olumlu ya da doğru yönetilmediği taktirde olumsuz etkilerde bulunabilir. Bu etkilerin yanı sıra hasar departmanının maliyetleri kontrol altında tutma gibi zorlu bir görevi mevcuttur. Hasar departmanı,yedek parça sorunları, anlaşmalı servis ağları ve suistimal süreçleri gibi zorlu alanların yönetiminden sorumlu olup, buralarda yapılacak iyileştirmeler ile hasar maliyetlerini kontrol altında tutmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada maliyet artışına ilişkin unsurlar belirlenmiş, belirlenen bu unsurların nedenleri inceleniş ve maliyetlerin kontrol altında tutulmasına ilişkin çözüm önerileri getirilerek sigorta şirketlerinin karlılığına olumlu bir etki oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın hazırlanması sırasındaki desteği, tavsiye ve yorumları için tez danışmanım sayın Prof. Dr. İdil Özlem Koç’a, iş ve eğitim hayatım ile ilgili verdikleri desteklerden dolayı sayın Soner Ergücan ve Sayın Georgios Vrachnos’a ve son olarak her zaman desteklerini hissettiğim aileme teşekkür ederim. --------------------ABSTRACTClaim control is crucial to insurance companies in order to maintain their technical profits. In this study, the market size, potential of the insurance market and insurancy rates have been examined in correlation with the number of vehicles in Turkey that have Casco. Inquiries have been made regarding the decline of profitability of the casco policies in recent years, along with the comparisons between European Union (EU) countries regarding several risk factors which are used in the calculation of insurance premiums, and mentions of the improvements/depraciations that innovations and recently discovered methods like Internet of things(IoT).Claim control is one of the most critical functions of an insurance company. So much in fact that it can directly affect client satisfaction and premiums while also having such a positive or negative impact on a firm's reputation depending on whether it's been managed correctly. Aside from these aspects, the claim control department is also responsible for the difficult task of keeping expenses under control. The claim department is responsible for the management of challenging areas such as spare part issues, contracted service networks and insurance fraud as well as any improvements that are to be made in these fields while keeping damage costs in check. Thisstudyt includes the pinpointed reasons behind the rising costs, the thorough examination of these reasons and proposals for possible solutions that might help the costs become more manageable in the hope that it may have a positive effect on the profitability of insurance companies.I hereby thanks to Prof. Dr. İdil Özlem Koç for her guidence, suggestions and comments. I would also thanks to Soner Ergücan and Georgios Vrachnos for their support on my work and education life. Lastly ı would like to thank my family for their endless support

Es-Sivasi-Şemsettin Ahmet B. Muhammed B. Arif Ezzili’nin Mevlidi’n - Nebi isimli eseri (inceleme, metin, dizin)

ÖZETÜzerinde çalıştığım eser, Şemseddin Sivâsî’nin Mevlidü’n-Nebî adlı eseridir. Eser, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Hacı Mahmut Efendi Bölümünde 4467 demirbaş numarasıyla kayıtlıdır. Eser, 38 varak olup, her varakta 17 satır bulunmaktadır. Toplam 1195 beyittir. Metinde çerçeve içinde belirtilen başlıklar ve sayfa kenarlarına yazılmış olan ve bulunduğu varaktaki beyitlerle ilgisi bulunmadığı anlaşılan beyitler, beyit sayısına ilave edilmeyip dipnot olarak yazılmıştır. Eser miladî 1580 yılında tamamlanmıştır.Bu tezi hazırlamaktaki amaç eserin konusu ve söz varlığı açısından önemini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Tez dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tezin giriş kısmında mevlid ve mevlid metinlerinden bahsedilmiş, Şemseddin Sivâsî ve eserleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş, eserin diğer nüshaları tanıtılmıştır. İkinci kısımda ise eserin imla özelliklerine örneklerle yer verilmiştir. Çeviriyazıya aktarırken sayfa ve satır numaraları belirtilmiştir. Dizin ise alfabetik ve kök esasına dayalı yapılan bir dizindir. Madde başı yapılan kelimelerin altına o kelimenin aldığı ekler, o kelimeyle ilgili ara madde, deyim ve birleşikler sıralanmıştır.Eser konusu, üslubu ve dil varlığının zenginliği açısından önemlidir. ABSTRACTSummary The literary work that I have studied is Mevlidi’n Nebî by Şemseddin Sivâsî. The work is registered in 4467 accession record, Hacı Mahmut Efendi section, Süleymaniye Library. It has 38 pages and every page consists of 17 lines and 1195 couplets. The couplets which are at the edge of the page and understood that are irrelevant to the couplets in the same page and topics that are implied in a frame are written as a footnote and they are not added to the number of couplets. The work is completed in 1580. The objection of preparing this thesis is to imply its value in terms of its subject and substantiality. It composes of four section. In the first section it makes mention of mawlid and texts of mawlid , informs about Şemseddin Sivâsî and his works, and introduced other copies of the work.In the second section it includes its spelling by demonstrating example. The numbers of the pages and line numbers of the work is implied while transcripted.It’s index is in accordance with the base of a root and alphabetic index. Appendices relevant to those words, line betweens, idioms and combined names are lined under the headwords.The work is substantial with regards to its subject, literary style and amplitud

Es-Sivasi-Şemsettin Ahmet B. Muhammed B. Arif Ezzili’nin Mevlidi’n - Nebi isimli eseri (inceleme, metin, dizin)

Üzerinde çalıştığım eser, Şemseddin Sivâsî’nin Mevlidü’n-Nebî adlı eseridir. Eser, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Hacı Mahmut Efendi Bölümünde 4467 demirbaş numarasıyla kayıtlıdır. Eser, 38 varak olup, her varakta 17 satır bulunmaktadır. Toplam 1195 beyittir. Metinde çerçeve içinde belirtilen başlıklar ve sayfa kenarlarına yazılmış olan ve bulunduğu varaktaki beyitlerle ilgisi bulunmadığı anlaşılan beyitler, beyit sayısına ilave edilmeyip dipnot olarak yazılmıştır. Eser miladî 1580 yılında tamamlanmıştır. Bu tezi hazırlamaktaki amaç eserin konusu ve söz varlığı açısından önemini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Tez dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tezin giriş kısmında mevlid ve mevlid metinlerinden bahsedilmiş, Şemseddin Sivâsî ve eserleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş, eserin diğer nüshaları tanıtılmıştır. İkinci kısımda ise eserin imla özelliklerine örneklerle yer verilmiştir. Çeviriyazıya aktarırken sayfa ve satır numaraları belirtilmiştir. Dizin ise alfabetik ve kök esasına dayalı yapılan bir dizindir. Madde başı yapılan kelimelerin altına o kelimenin aldığı ekler, o kelimeyle ilgili ara madde, deyim ve birleşikler sıralanmıştır. Eser konusu, üslubu ve dil varlığının zenginliği açısından önemlidir. ABSTRACT Summary The literary work that I have studied is Mevlidi’n Nebî by Şemseddin Sivâsî. The work is registered in 4467 accession record, Hacı Mahmut Efendi section, Süleymaniye Library. It has 38 pages and every page consists of 17 lines and 1195 couplets. The couplets which are at the edge of the page and understood that are irrelevant to the couplets in the same page and topics that are implied in a frame are written as a footnote and they are not added to the number of couplets. The work is completed in 1580. The objection of preparing this thesis is to imply its value in terms of its subject and substantiality. It composes of four section. In the first section it makes mention of mawlid and texts of mawlid , informs about Şemseddin Sivâsî and his works, and introduced other copies of the work. In the second section it includes its spelling by demonstrating example. The numbers of the pages and line numbers of the work is implied while transcripted. It’s index is in accordance with the base of a root and alphabetic index. Appendices relevant to those words, line betweens, idioms and combined names are lined under the headwords. The work is substantial with regards to its subject, literary style and amplitud

Tralkoksidim ve proklorazın arpa (hordeum vulgare l. cv efes) köklerinde peroksidaz aktivitesi üzerine etkileri

Tarımda zararlılara karşı yaygın olarak kullanılan pestisitlerin, canlılar üzerinde birçok olumsuz etki yarattığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir fungusit olan prokloraz ile bir herbisit olan tralkoksidimin, ülkemizde yaygın olarak tarımı yapılan arpa (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Efes) köklerindeki stres teşviki ile ortaya çıkan peroksidaz aktivitesi üzerindeki etkileri incelendi. Sterilize edilmiş arpa tohumları distile su (kontrol), tralkoksidim ve proklorazın ticari dozu (50 µM ve 40 µM) ve bunun katları olan farklı konsantrasyonlarda (100-150 µM ve 80-120 µM) çimlendirildi. Arpa kökleri 48. ve 72. saatlerde 0,5-1 cm kesilerek, soğuk fosfat tamponunda ekstre edildi. Kök ekstreleri peroksidaz aktivitelerinin ölçümü için H2O2 ve guaiacol içeren ölçüm tamponunda, spektrofotometrede 470 nm dalga boyunda ölçüldü. Yapılan ölçümlerin sonunda özellikle ticari dozun üzerinde kullanılan tralkoksidim ve proklorazın, bitkide strese yol açarak peroksidaz aktivitesini artırdığı görüldü

Structural Analysis of Reproductive Development in Pistillate Flowers of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L.

In Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) the development of female flowers (pistillate), between floral meristem differentiation and fruit formation was inspected through histological sections and SEM techniques. The reproductive development of the female flower starts when the apical meristem converts into a floral meristem. Four tepals, four stamens and a carpel are developed from the floral meristem in turn. Filaments emerge however, anther development is arrested, and stamens become nonfunctional staminodes. The stigma is of the dry type. The solid style being short and thick consists of an epidermis, a cortex, a vascular bundle and a core of transmitting tissue composed of elongated cells. In the style a funnel-shaped zone extending from within the stigma to the stylar base is visible. The presence of high amounts of sugars and lipid substances within and around the vascular bundles are identified by histochemical techniques. The ovary contains an anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate ovule. Starch grains are present throughout the development of nucellar tissue. The chalazal region of nuclear endosperm forms a short haustorium. Endosperm does not exist in mature seed; the cotyledons are piled with considerably large starch grains. Idioblasts are observed in all stages of development