Masculinity, femininity, and angry drivers: Masculinity and femininity as moderators between driver anger and anger expression style among young drivers

Driver anger and its expression are among the most studied topics in traffic safety literature. However, the function of gender roles, i.e., masculinity and femininity, in driving anger experience and expression has remained mainly unexplored. The present study investigates the association between driving anger and gender roles on the expression of anger among young drivers. Three hundred seventy-nine young drivers filled a questionnaire including the Driving Anger Scale, Bem Sex Roles Inventory, Driving Anger Expression Inventory, and demographic information. Moderated regression analyses showed that masculine gender role and anger provoked by other road users’ discourtesy were positively and femininity negatively related to verbal aggression while driving. Anger related to police presence, slow driving, and masculine gender role were positively related to gesture-based and vehicle-based expression of driver aggression. Hostility and feminine gender role were negatively related to the gesture-based expression of driver aggression, while anger related to witnessing illegal driving and feminine gender role were negatively related to the vehicle-based expression of aggression. The interaction effects between masculinity and hostility, masculinity and slow driving, and femininity and illegal driving were also found on the gesture-based expression of driver aggression. The effects of interaction between masculinity and slow driving and femininity and illegal driving were also found on the vehicle-based expression of driver aggression. Slow driving and femininity had a positive relationship to the adaptive expression of anger in driving. The results suggest that masculinity and femininity moderate the relationship between driving anger and the expression of driving anger among young drivers

Distributive politics and regional development: assessing the territorial distribution of Turkey’s public investment

Turkey is often perceived as a country with low bureaucratic capacity and prone to political manipulation and ‘pork-barrel’. This article tests whether this is the case, by analysing the extent to which politics, rather than equity and efficiency criteria, have determined the geographical allocation of public investment across the 81 provinces of Turkey between 2005 and 2012. The results show that although the Turkish government has indeed channelled public expenditures to reward its core constituencies, socioeconomic factors remained the most relevant predictors of investment. Moreover, in contrast to official regional development policy principles, we uncover the concentration of public investment in areas with comparatively higher levels of development. We interpret this as the state bureaucracy’s intentional strategy of focussing on efficiency by concentrating resources on ‘the better off among the most in need’

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Individual differences in behavioral reactions to H1N1 during a later stage of the epidemic

Summary: Previous studies regarding individuals’ behavioral reactions to the H1N1 epidemic have been conducted nearly exclusively on the pre-pandemic phase of the epidemic or when the vaccine was not available. The prevalence and correlates of behavioral reactions to the H1N1 epidemic in Turkey were investigated by surveying 1045 respondents. The results indicate that behavioral responses can be divided into three classifications: recommended protective behaviors, avoidance behaviors, and ineffective behaviors. The frequency of recommended behaviors was higher than other behaviors, and respondents perceived these behaviors to be more effective. Recommended behaviors were predicted by the following factors: age, being female and married, the individual's beliefs in the effectiveness of the behavior, the perception that one's own behavior influences the infection risk, and the personality factors “Activity” and “Impulsive Sensation Seeking.” Avoidance behaviors were predicted by the following factors: marital status, having small children, beliefs in the effectiveness of the behavior, mistrust of the government's ability to manage the epidemic, State Anxiety, and “Impulsive Sensation Seeking.” Ineffective behaviors were predicted by the following factors: lower socio-economic status, marital status, the presence of chronic illness, the perceived effectiveness of the behavior, and State Anxiety. This study demonstrates that different types of behavioral reactions to the epidemic have different contributing factors and that these differences should be taken into account in public health interventions. Keywords: H1N1 epidemic, Protective behaviors, Avoidance, Individual differences, Turke

The evaluation of treatment responses to the blood stream infections in intensive care unit patients and reasons of treatment failures

Çalışmada yoğun bakımdan edinilmiş KDE olgularında tedavi yanıtlarını ve tedavi başarısızlığı nedenlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gözlemsel, prospektif, kohort çalışması niteliğinde olan çalışma, Ekim 2010-Ekim 2011 tarihleri arasında Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi nde, 4 YBÜ de (Anestezi ve Reanimasyon, İç hastalıkları, Nöroloji, Beyin cerrahisi YBÜ leri) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yoğun bakıma kabul sonrası, ilk KDE atağı nedeniyle izlenen toplam 70 hastanın 20 sinde (%28,6) tedavi başarısı elde edilirken, 50 hastada (%71,4) tedavi, başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmıştır. Tedavi öncesi hastalığın ağırlığını göstermek üzere, bakteriyemi başlangıcından 48 saat öncesinde bakılan APACHE II skorunun; başarısız tedavi grubunda daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Tedavi başlanmasıyla hastalığın ağırlığındaki değişimin izlenmesine ait sonuçların analizi ile, tedavi 3. gününde saptanan APACHE II yüksekliğinin, tedavi başarısızlığına katkısı olan önemli bağımsız değişken olduğu saptanmıştır. Etkene yönelik tedavi ve uygun olmayan ampirik tedavi grubu; uygun olmayan başlangıç tedavi seçimi olarak birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, başarılı tedavi grubunda uygun olmayan başlangıç tedavi seçimi %35, başarısız tedavi grubunda %64 olarak bulunmuştur (p= 0,027). Bu farkın etkene yönelik tedavi seçimindeki yüksek oranlardan kaynaklandığı düşünülmüştür. Antibiyotik başlangıç zamanının bakteriyemi başlangıç gününe göre değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, uygun tedaviye başlamada gecikme (≥2gün) tedavi başarısızlığını artıran bağımsız değişken olarak saptanmıştır. Tedavi başarısızlığının en sık nedenleri eş zamanlı başka bir enfeksiyon odağı ve süper enfeksiyon varlığıdır. Sonuç olarak, yoğun bakımdan edinilmiş KDE de tedavi başarısızlığına etkili, en önemli bağımsız etken, uygun tedavinin geç başlanmasıdır. Ek olarak, tedavi başarısızlığında KDE ye eşlik eden diğer enfeksiyonlar ve süperenfeksiyon varlığı diğer önemli nedenlerdir. Bizim çalışmamız, yoğun bakımdan edinilmiş kan dolaşım enfeksiyonlarında tedavi yanıtını tümüyle değerlendiren ilk çalışmadır. Çalışmamızı sınırlı kılan en önemli faktör; özellikle alt grup değerlendirmesini etkileyen, hasta sayısının düşük olmasıdır.We aimed to investigate the treatment responses of ICU-acquired BSI cases and the reasons of treatment failures. The prospective, observational, cohort study was conducted between October 2010 and October 2011 in 4 ICUs (Anesthesia and Reanimation, Medical, Neurology, Brain Surgery ICUs) of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine. Fifty of total 70 patients had treatment failure (71,4%), while 20 of whom had treatment success (28,6 %). APACHE II scores, used to measure severity of illness 48 h before bacteremia onset were higher in patients with treatment failure. The analyses of the outcomes related to the changes the severity of illness during treatment, indicated that the high levels of APACHE II detected at the third day of the treatment was the important independent variable contributing to the failure of the treatment. As the targeted treatment and the inappropriate empirical treatment were taken as the inappropriate initial treatment , it was 35% in the treatment success group and 64% in the treatment failure group (p= 0,027). The difference may be attributed to the high levels targeted treatment. Antimicrobial treatment starting time was evaluated with respect to the onset of bacteremia and ıt was found that delayed appropriate treatment for ≥2 days, was an independent risk for the failure of the treatment. The statistical analyses revealed that other concomitant infections and superinfection were the most frequent reasons in the treatment failures. In conclusion, delayed appropriate treatment was found to be the most important independent reason for treatment failure in patients with the ICU-acquired BSI. In addition, other concomitant infections and superinfection are mostly observed other significant reasons in the treatment failure. This is the first study that evaluates the treatment responses to ICU-acquired BSI in the widest spectrum. The most important factor that limits our study, especially affecting subgroup analysis, is the relatively small number of patients

ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CORRELATES OF ROAD-TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FATALITY FATES IN OECD COUNTRIES

The relationships between economic conditions, cultural characteristics, personality dimensions, intelligence scores, and road-traffic accident mortality rates were investigated in 30 member and five accession countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Economic indicators included the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, the unemployment rate, and the Gini index. Cultural variables included five Hofstede's cultural dimensions, seven Schwartz cultural value dimensions, NFO-PI-R scales, and the intelligence quotient (IQ). The results showed positive associations between favorable economic conditions (high income per capita, high employment rate, and low income inequality) and high traffic safety. Countries with higher road-traffic accident fatality rates were characterized by higher power distance and uncertainty avoidance as well as embeddedness and emphasis on social hierarchy. Countries with lower road-traffic accident fatality rates were more individualistic, egalitarian, and emphasized autonomy of individuals. Conscientiousness (from NEO-PI-R) and IQ correlated negatively with road-traffic accident fatalities

Determination of copper, lead and cadmium content of Turkish wine samples by potentiometric stripping analysis

Bu çalışmada Potansiyometrik Sıyırma Analizi'nin uygulanması ile Türk şarabı örneklerindeki bakır, kurşun ve kadmiyum içeriklerinin eş zamanlı saptanmasına çalışılmıştır. Şarap örnekleri civa kaplama çözeltisi ile basit bir seyreltme işleminin ardından analizlendiğinde kurşun ve kadmiyum için iyi oluşmuş sinyaller elde edilmiştir. Bu örneklerin bakır içeriğinin saptanması için örnek ön hazırlığı gerekmektedir. Şaraptaki proteine bağlı olan bakır, nitrik asit ilavesi ve 50⁰C'de 30 dakika ısıtılarak serbest hale geçirilir ve ardından analizlenir. Buna alternatif bir yöntem olarak örnek üzerine hidrojen peroksit eklenip, UV ışınlamaya maruz bırakılmış ve böylelikle serbest açığa çıkan bakırın analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ETAAS ile elde edilen verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır