Envejecimiento de la población: la sostenibilidad de las pensiones de jubilación contributivas.

La demografía española tiende a ser una población muy envejecida dentro de unos años debido al escaso número de nacimientos de las últimas decadas. En un futuro próximo, la población activa será incapaz de pagar las pensiones de jubilación con sus contribuciones. El sistema de pensiones sufre constantes reformas debido a la necesidad de adecuarlo a la realidad. Con el Pacto de Toledo se creó la Hucha de las Pensiones y con el depósito de ese Fondo se está abonando las pagas extras de las pensiones de jubilación de los últimos años. El Fondo de reserva disminuye y el saldo resultante servirá para abonar 5 mensualidades. Es necesaria una reforma del sistema ya que, dentro de unos años, resultará insostenible el sistema debido a factores demográficos y la longevidad de los jubilados actuales y futuros gracias a los cuidados sanitarios, asistencia social y avances médicos

Prefoldins contribute to maintaining the levels of the spliceosome LSM2–8 complex through Hsp90 in Arabidopsis

Although originally identified as the components of the complex aiding the cytosolic chaperonin CCT in the folding of actins and tubulins in the cytosol, prefoldins (PFDs) are emerging as novel regulators influencing gene expression in the nucleus. Work conducted mainly in yeast and animals showed that PFDs act as transcriptional regulators and participate in the nuclear proteostasis. To investigate new functions of PFDs, we performed a co-expression analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Results revealed co-expression between PFD and the Sm-like (LSM) genes, which encode the LSM2–8 spliceosome core complex, in this model organism. Here, we show that PFDs interact with and are required to maintain adequate levels of the LSM2–8 complex. Our data indicate that levels of the LSM8 protein, which defines and confers the functional specificity of the complex, are reduced in pfd mutants and in response to the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin. We provide biochemical evidence showing that LSM8 is a client of Hsp90 and that PFD4 mediates the interaction between both proteins. Consistent with our results and with the role of the LSM2–8 complex in splicing through the stabilization of the U6 snRNA, pfd mutants showed reduced levels of this snRNA and altered pre-mRNA splicing patterns.Fil: Esteve Bruna, David. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Carrasco López, Cristian. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Blanco Touriñán, Noel. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Iserte, Javier Alonso. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Calleja Cabrera, Julián. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Perea Resa, Carlos. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Úrbez, Cristina. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Carrasco, Pedro. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Yanovsky, Marcelo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Blázquez, Miguel A.. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Salinas, Julio. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Alabadí, David. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Españ

Extremophiles as Plant Probiotics to Promote Germination and Alleviate Salt Stress in Soybean

Bacteria isolated from extreme environments have been shown to promote plant growth under challenging conditions. This study aimed to examine the performance of the extremophilic microorganisms under salt stress and their ability to improve the tolerance of soybean plants to this stress. In vitro experiments showed that bacteria belonging to the genera Stenotrophomonas and Exiguobacterium were halophilic and displayed plant growth-promoting activities under salt stress. For instance, these two species enhanced soybean germination rate between 35 and 43% in comparison with non-inoculated seeds. In addition, inoculation allowed soybean roots to double their size, both in length and in dry biomass, under 250 mM NaCl. The plant physiological responses correlated with changes in plant gene expression during developmental and stress responses. The expression of a growth marker gene (Glyma.03G226000) increased in the presence of halophilic bacteria both under salt stress (5- to 24-fold) and under non-stress conditions (17- to 25-fold). Soybean genes responsive to stress, such as Glyma.02G228100, Glyma.04G180400, Glyma.08G189600, and Glyma.17G173200, were highly induced by salt in bacteria-inoculated roots. This work showed that the extremophilic bacteria used in these experiments could be used as potential bio-inoculants to help alleviate salt stress and plant growth.Peer reviewe

DELLA functions evolved by rewiring of associated transcriptional networks

DELLA proteins are land-plant specific transcriptional regulators that transduce environmental information to multiple processes throughout a plant’s life. The molecular basis for this critical function in angiosperms has been linked to the regulation of DELLA stability by gibberellins and to the capacity of DELLA proteins to interact with hundreds of transcription factors. Although bryophyte orthologues can partially fulfil functions attributed to angiosperm DELLA, it is not clear whether the capacity to establish interaction networks is an ancestral property of DELLA proteins or is associated with their role in gibberellin signalling. Here we show that representative DELLAs from the main plant lineages display a conserved ability to interact with multiple transcription factors. We propose that promiscuity was encoded in the ancestral DELLA protein, and that this property has been largely maintained, whereas the lineage-dependent diversification of DELLA-dependent functions mostly reflects the functional evolution of thei

The promiscuity of DELLA proteins was acquired during early land plant evolution

Trabajo presentado en el congreso EMBO Workshop An Integrated View of Land Plant Evolution, celebrado en el National Institute of Science Education and Research en Bhubaneswar (India) del 8 al 11 de noviembre de 2022DELLA proteins are land-plant speci%c transcriptional regulators that transduce environmental information to multiple processes throughout a plant’s life. The molecular basis for this critical function in angiosperms has been linked to the regulation of DELLA stability by gibberellins and to the capacity of DELLA proteins to interact with hundreds of transcription factors (TFs). However, it is not clear whether this promiscuity is an ancestral property of DELLA proteins or it is associated with their role in gibberellin signaling. We have found that representative DELLAs from the main plant lineages display a conserved ability to interact with multiple TFs. However, we have detected an extensive diversi%cation in the output target genes and biological processes regulated by these interactions, by comparing the DELLA-dependent transcriptomes across different land-plant lineages. We propose that promiscuity was already encoded in the ancestral DELLA protein, and that this molecular property has been largely maintained, while the lineage-dependent diversi%cation of DELLA- dependent biological functions mostly re#ects the functional evolution of their interacting partners

DELLA functions evolved by rewiring of associated transcriptional networks

DELLA proteins are land-plant specific transcriptional regulators that transduce environmental information to multiple processes throughout a plant’s life1–3. The molecular basis for this critical function in angiosperms has been linked to the regulation of DELLA stability by gibberellins and to the capacity of DELLA proteins to interact with hundreds of transcription factors4,5. Although bryophyte orthologues can partially fulfil functions attributed to angiosperm DELLA6,7, it is not clear whether the capacity to establish interaction networks is an ancestral property of DELLA proteins or is associated with their role in gibberellin signalling8–10. Here we show that representative DELLAs from the main plant lineages display a conserved ability to interact with multiple transcription factors. We propose that promiscuity was encoded in the ancestral DELLA protein, and that this property has been largely maintained, whereas the lineage-dependent diversification of DELLA-dependent functions mostly reflects the functional evolution of their interacting partners

A bHLH-Based Feedback Loop Restricts Vascular Cell Proliferation in Plants

Control of tissue dimensions in multicellular organisms requires the precise quantitative regulation of mitotic activity. In plants, where cells are immobile, tissue size is achieved through control of both cell division orientation and mitotic rate. The bHLH transcription factor heterodimer formed by TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5 (TMO5) and LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHVV) is a central regulator of vascular width-increasing divisions. An important unanswered question is how its activity is limited to specify vascular tissue dimensions. Here we identify a regulatory network that restricts TMO5/LHW activity. We show that thermospermine synthase ACAULIS5 antagonizes TMO5/LHW activity by promoting the accumulation of SAC51-LIKE (SACL) bHLH transcription factors. SACL proteins heterodimerize with LHW therefore likely competing with TMO5/LHW interactions prevent activation of TMO5/LHW target genes, and suppress the over-proliferation caused by excess TMO5/LHW activity. These findings connect two thus-far disparate pathways and provide a mechanistic understanding of the quantitative control of vascular tissue growth.The authors would like to thank the genetic mapping facility at Miguel Hernandez University (Elche) run by Jose L. Micol and Maria Rosa Ponce and the microscopy service of the Universidad Politecnica of Valencia. We also thank J. Agusti, D. Alabadi, D. Esteve, C. Ferrandiz, M. de Lucas, and F. Madueno for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. B.D.R. was funded by long-term FEBS and Marie Curie (IEF-2009-252503) Fellowships, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO VIDI 864.13.001), and by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO G0D0515N and 12D1815N). D.W. was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (ERA-CAPS project EURO-PEC, 849.13.006) and the European Research Council (Starting Grant "CELLPATTERN," contract no. 281573). M.P. was funded by La Caixa fellowship. J.C. was the recipient of grant BIO2011-23828 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Vera Sirera, FJ.; De Rybel, B.; Urbez Lagunas, C.; Kouklas, E.; Pesquera, M.; Álvarez Mahecha, JC.; Minguet, E.... (2015). A bHLH-Based Feedback Loop Restricts Vascular Cell Proliferation in Plants. Developmental Cell. 35(4):432-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2015.10.022S43244335