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KRONOS OG TOPOS: Tidslige og romlige skjæringspunkter i Henrik Ibsens Bygmester Solness og Et dukkehjem

Erik Østeruds artikel behandler forholdet mellem mytisk tid, eksistentiel tid og historisk tid i Et dukkehjem og Byggmester Solness. Østeruds pointe er ikke bare, at aksen mellem fortid og fremtid er nuets forudsætning, men at den dybde og tæthed, som fortiden og fremtiden giver til nuet, er forudsætningen for det krav om selvoverskridelse og forvandling, der karakteriserer Ibsens hovedpersoner.&nbsp

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Extracts from Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Blubber

Intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-n3-PUFA) is commonly recognized to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). In previous studies, cold-pressed whale oil (CWO) and cod liver oil (CLO) were given as a dietary supplement to healthy volunteers. Even though CWO contains less than half the amount of LC-n3-PUFA of CLO, CWO supplement resulted in beneficial effects on anti-inflammatory and CVD risk markers compared to CLO. In the present study, we prepared virtually lipid-free extracts from CWO and CLO and evaluated the antioxidative capacity (AOC) and anti-inflammatory effects. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to test the AOC, and the results indicated high levels of antioxidants present in all extracts. The anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts were tested with lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated THP-1 cells, measuring its ability to reduce cytokine and chemokine secretion. Several CWO extracts displayed anti-inflammatory activity, and a butyl alcohol extract of CWO most effectively reduced TNF-α (50%, ) and MCP-1 (85%, ) secretion. This extract maintained a stable effect of reducing MCP-1 secretion (60%, ) even after long-term storage. In conclusion, CWO has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that may act in addition to its well-known LC-n3-PUFA effects

Cold-pressed minke whale oil reduces circulating LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, lipid oxidation and atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a Western-type diet for 13 weeks

Abstract Background Long-chain n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n3-PUFA) are well known for their anti-inflammatory activity and their impact on cardiovascular disease. Cold-pressed whale oil (CWO) has half the amount of LC n3-PUFA compared to cod liver oil (CLO). Still, there has been observed more pronounced beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease markers from intake of CWO compared to intake of CLO in human intervention studies. Extracts from CWO deprived of fatty acids have also been shown to display antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intake of a high-fat Western-type diet (WD) supplemented with CWO would prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Methods Seventy female ApoE−/− mice were fed a WD containing 1% CWO, CLO or corn oil (CO). Atherosclerotic lesion formation, body and tissue weights, hepatic gene expression together with serum levels of LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL, total antioxidant status and various serum cardiovascular disease/proinflammatory markers were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, and Shapiro-Wilk’s test was performed to determine the distribution of the variables. Statistical difference was assessed using One-Way ANOVA with Tukeys’ post hoc test or Kruskal-Wallis test. The hepatic relative gene expression was analysed with REST 2009 (V2.0.13). Results Mice fed CWO had less atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch compared to mice fed CO. Levels of LDL/VLDL-cholesterol and ox-LDL-cholesterol were also markedly reduced whereas total antioxidant levels were enhanced in mice fed CWO compared to CO-fed mice. In addition, CWO-fed mice gained less weight and several hepatic genes involved in the cholesterol metabolism were up-regulated compared to CO-fed mice. Conclusion In the present study mice fed a WD supplemented with 1% CWO had reduced formation of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch, reduced serum LDL/VLDL-cholesterol and ox-LDL-cholesterol, increased serum total antioxidant status and reduced body weight compared to mice fed a WD supplemented with 1% CO

Additional file 1: of Cold-pressed minke whale oil reduces circulating LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, lipid oxidation and atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a Western-type diet for 13 weeks

Table S1. Predesigned TaqMan® Gene Expression assays # Reference genes used to normalize the results. (DOCX 14 kb

Prosessering av sjømat – Endring i næringsinnhold, biotilgjengelighet og helseeffekter

Source at https://nofima.no/Rapporten oppsummerer hvordan prosessering kan påvirke innholdet av næringsstoffer i sjømat, samt hvordan biotilgjengeligheten til ulike stoffer kan endres som følge av prosessbetingelsene. I tillegg er det kort redegjort for vitenskapelig status på helseeffektene av sjømatkonsum, samt hvilke ernæringsmessige faktorer som gjør sjømat til et særegent næringsmiddel. Økt prosesseringsgrad av sjømat tenderer mot å redusere innholdet av enkelte næringsstoffer, særlig vannløselige lavmolekylære forbindelser da disse stoffene lettere kan lekke ut av næringsmiddelet. I tillegg kan varme denaturere eller dekomponere forbindelser, og pH-endringer kan også ødelegge enkelte stoffer. Varmebehandling kan imidlertid føre til økt biotilgjengelighet, og dermed har prosessering en ambivalent effekt ved at næringsinnholdet reduseres, mens biotilgjengeligheten kan øke. Med unntak av omfattende prosessering som for eksempel for sjømatprodukter som lutefisk og surimi, der majoriteten av vannløselige forbindelser er fjernet, er det reduserte næringsinnholdet trolig ikke tilstrekkelig til å gi en signifikant innvirkning på sjømatens helsefremmende effekt.The report summarizes how processing of seafood influences the nutritional content of seafood and how various processing conditions may affect the bioavailability of individual nutrients. In addition, a short description of the latest scientific documentation on the health benefits of seafood consumption is included, as well as the nutritional traits that makes seafood a special food. Increased degree of seafood processing generally tends to reduce the content of some nutrients, especially low molecular water soluble components which are susceptible to leaching. Application of heat may thermally degrade components and pH extremes may also destroy several components. However, processing may increase the bioavailability of macronutrients, and thus processing has an ambivalent effect by decreasing nutritional content and increasing bioavailability. With the exception of very extensive processing, such as processing of “lutefisk” and surimi products which removes the majority of soluble substances, the nutritional decrease in the majority of processing conditions is probably not sufficient to make a significant impact on the health benefits of seafood consumption, and any effect would be challenging to test and find in a human study

Circadian rhythms of hemostatic factors in tetraplegia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study of melatonin

Study design: This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study of melatonin in complete tetraplegia. Objectives: Tetraplegic patients have an increased risk of venous thrombosis despite prophylaxis, blunted variations in melatonin and altered circadian variation of several hemostatic markers. To examine whether melatonin could modify the regulation of hemostasis, we measured plasma melatonin and several markers of hemostasis in tetraplegic subjects with or without melatonin supplement. Setting: The study was conducted in the Section for Spinal Cord Injury, Sunnaas Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway. Methods: Six subjects with long-standing complete tetraplegia were included in this cross-over study with 2 mg of melatonin or placebo given 4 days before sampling. We also included six able-bodied men without any intervention. Plasma samples were then collected frequently during a 24-h awake/sleep cycle. The plasma concentrations of melatonin and the various markers were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: The 24-h profiles of prothrombin fragment 1+2 and von Willebrand factor, but not D-dimer, activated FVII, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, differed (Po0.05) between tetraplegic patients and able-bodied subjects. The absolute plasma concentration of activated FVII was higher (Po0.05) among the able-bodied compared with the tetraplegic groups. Supplementation of melatonin had no impact on these findings. Conclusions: We found differences in circadian variation of several hemostatic markers between able-bodied and tetraplegics. These differences were apparently unrelated to fluctuations in the melatonin concentrations, suggesting little or no role of melatonin in the regulation of hemostasis in tetraplegia