Numerical conservative solutions of the Hunter--Saxton equation

In the article a convergent numerical method for conservative solutions of the Hunter--Saxton equation is derived. The method is based on piecewise linear projections, followed by evolution along characteristics where the time step is chosen in order to prevent wave breaking. Convergence is obtained when the time step is proportional to the square root of the spatial step size, which is a milder restriction than the common CFL condition for conservation laws

Sustainable development and indigeneity: Teachers of English in lower secondary school in Norway and their views on using indigeneity as a part of teaching sustainable development.

Denne avhandlingen undersøker integreringen av urfolksfortellinger innenfor rammen av bærekraftig utvikling i engelskundervisning i ungdomsskolen i Norge. Etter som utdanningsreformen vektlegger de tverrfaglige temaene, tar denne forskningen for seg engelsklærerens oppfatninger og implementering av urfolksperspektiver og bærekraft i deres læreplaner. Ved å bruke kvalitative metoder gjennomfører studien semi-strukturerte intervjuer med lærere for å utforske deres forståelse av bærekraftig utvikling og urfolksfortellinger, samt undervisningsmaterialene de bruker. Funnene indikerer at selv om lærerne anerkjenner betydningen av å koble urfolkskunnskap med bærekraftige praksiser, større de på betydelige utfordringer med å integrere disse fortellingene effektivt i undervisningsprosessen, hovedsakelig på grunn av begrensede ressurser og utilstrekkelig opplæring. Studien fremhever de potensielle fordelene ved å inkorporere urfolksperspektiver for å berike undervisningen av bærekraft i engelskutdanningen, og foreslår at slik integrering fremmer en mer inkluderende og kulturelt mangfoldig forståelse av globale bærekraftutfordringer. Den oppfordrer til forbedret støtte til læreplaner og ressurser for å utstyre lærere med nødvendige verktøy for å effektivt navigere i denne tverrfaglige utdanning. Denne forskningen bidrar til den pågående diskursen om utdanningsstrategier som tar sikte på å fremme informerte, etisk og inkluderende globalt medborgerskap gjennom økt engasjement med urfolkskunnskap og bærekraftig utvikling.This thesis investigates the integration of Indigenous narratives within the context of sustainable development in English language teaching in lower secondary schools in Norway. As educational reforms emphasize interdisciplinary topics, the research examines English teachers' perceptions and implementing of Indigenous perspectives and sustainability in their curricula. Utilizing qualitative methods, the study conducts semi-structured interviews with teachers to explore their understanding of sustainable development and Indigenous narratives, as well as the teaching materials they employ. Findings indicate that while teachers recognize the importance of linking Indigenous knowledge with sustainable practices, they encounter significant challenges in integrating these narratives effectively into the teaching process, primarily due to limited resources and insufficient training. The study highlights the potential benefits of incorporating Indigenous perspectives to enrich the teaching of sustainability in English education, suggesting that such integration promotes a more inclusive and culturally diverse understanding of global sustainability challenges. It calls for enhanced curricular support and resources to equip teachers with the necessary tools to effectively navigate this interdisciplinary educational approach. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on educational strategies that aims to foster informed, ethical, and inclusive global citizenship through enhanced engagement with Indigenous knowledge and sustainable development

The behaviour of anadromous Arctic charr during their first marine migration

Climate change-induced alterations of aquatic ecosystems, increased water temperature and human activity are substantial stressors to anadromous Arctic charr, and these are all expected to increase in the future. The knowledge of the marine behaviour of anadromous Arctic charr, especially post-smolts, is limited and few studies has described their residency at sea in detail. Therefore, more studies are needed to get a complete understanding of anadromous Arctic charr’s feeding migration and how stressors as climate change and human activity interact with this life-history strategy. The use of electronic tags in behavioural studies have recently revealed the marine migratory behaviour of Arctic charr, but these studies include almost solely adult individuals. In this thesis, I have investigated the migratory behaviour of 50 Arctic charr first-time migrants (post-smolt) in the Balsfjord, northern Norway, during their first summer at sea. Fish were tagged with acoustic tags with depth sensors and monitored by 76 acoustic receivers in both fresh water (n = 72) and at sea (n = 4) in the period 28th June–08th October 2018. Arctic charr post-smolts were found to reside between 0–78 days at sea and experienced high survival with 82 % (n = 37) of the fish returning to fresh water. Fish were observed to re-enter their native river for assumed overwintering. Fish detections at four cross-fjord transects indicated the littoral habitat to be the most utilized habitat compared to the pelagic. Post smolts showed a fidelity to depths between 0–3 m while at sea and a diel shift in depth use was observed. Furthermore, fish depth use varied between fjord sections and throughout the summer. Fish resided within 45 km from their native river, within the fjord system and utilized mostly mid-fjord areas and the eastern side of Balsfjord. Despite within-fjord residency, fish moved distances beyond 300 km during the summer and these total travelled distances correlated positively with fish size. This study is one of the first to provide a detailed description of the spatiotemporal marine area use of Arctic charr post-smolts. The results presented here provide important information for coastal area management and conservation of anadromous Arctic charr populations and may also act as a reference during the ongoing climate change

THE SVALBARD AIRPORT TEMPERATURE SERIES

In the Isfjorden region of Spitsbergen in the Svalbard archipelago, the air temperature has been observed continuously at different sites since 1911 (except for a break during WW II). The thermal conditions at these various sites turned out to be different so that nesting the many series together in one composite time series would produce an inhomogenous long-term series. By using the SNHT (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test) the differences between the sites were assessed and the series adjusted accordingly. This resulted in an homogenised, composite series mainly from Green Harbour (Finneset in Grønfjorden), Barentsburg (also in Grønfjorden), Longyearbyen and the current observation site at Svalbard Airport. A striking feature in the series is a pronounced, abrupt change from cold temperature in the 1910s to warmth in the 1930s, when temperature reached a local maximum. This event is called the early 20th century warming. Thereafter the temperature decreased to a local minimum in the 1960s before the start of another increase that still seems to be ongoing. For the whole series, statistically significant positive trends were detected by the Mann-Kendall test for annual and seasonal values (except for winter). Quite often the Norwegian Meteorological Institute receives queries about long-term temperature series from Svalbard. Hopefully, the Svalbard Airport composite series will fulfil this demand for data. It may be downloaded free of charge from the Institute’s home page: http:// sharki.oslo.dnmi.no and should be used with reference to this article.

VR Memory Palaces: Can Walking Improve Memorization?

The method of loci is an ancient, tried and tested mnemonic technique, utilizing human spatial awareness to remember large amounts of non-spatial information.Though traditionally performed in the mind, imagined walking through a memory palace utilizes parts of the brain primarily used for visuospatial cognition. Studies comparing method of loci accuracy in VR to traditional screens have shown promising results. However, most previous work has neglected the potential importance of large scale movement. To determine if large scale physical movement during execution of loci would increase its effectiveness we performed a within-subject study. We developed a prototype virtual reality system in which two virtual environments were built; one for standing still and the other for moving through, allowing for natural locomotion on a large scale. In a 7140 square meter football stadium, nine participants performed the method of loci with 32 items in which virtual items were physically moved around the memory palace. Afterwards they were instructed to use loci to recall the items. Two months later, the participants repeated the experiment, this time standing still and moving items at a distance. Both sessions included a written memorization test to potentially recreate results of similar studies. We were not able to prove any statistically significant difference between the two conditions (p=0.2353). However, we were able to observe a statistically significant difference in performance in VR as compared to traditional desktop use. We make the case that large scale navigation aids immersion and does not become a distracting factor. We also gathered empirical insights into participants’ choices, leading us to propose a new, improved method to better understandthis topic.Masteroppgave i informasjonsvitenskapINFO390MASV-INF

Listening Circle - a path to better listening skills

“What do you mean, listen?” Listening is an essential part of language and communication skills. It is crucial for teachers, as it is for students. However, students have demonstrated low listening comprehension and reported that learning how to listen was not part of their school curriculum

Eye closure sensitivity as a novel EEG marker of MERRF

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A chip off the old block or not? An analysis of parents' influence on their children's choice of educational field

The intergenerational mobility in education length is well-documented. However, the number of people having a master’s degree in Norway has increased in the past years. An innovative study is instead to investigate the mobility for the educational fields between generations. This thesis is investigating the parents’ influence on their children’s choice of educational fields for higher education. The hypotheses state that increased parental incomes increase the probability of children choosing a similar education as the parents, that the children are more influenced by the parent having the same gender, and that the influence of choosing similar education, self-recruitment, is stronger for prestigious educations. The thesis uses Norwegian register data from Statistics Norway, and the analysis is done by using the multinomial logistic regression, which is directly used through the analytical tool, microdata.no. The average marginal effects of children choosing a similar education as the parents, by changes of either hourly wage or hour spent at work, are interpreting the results. By a wage increase, the results show an increased probability of children choosing a similar education as the parents, and these probability increases are higher for educations of high prestige. However, the results do not confirm the same-gender hypothesis