Effect of immunocastration vaccine administration at different doses on performance of feedlot holstein bulls

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı dozlarda GnRH aşısının Holştayn erkek buzağılarında besi performansı ve karkas randımanı üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada, 94 baş Holştayn ırkı erkek buzağı kullanılmış ve rastgele 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Besinin 1. ve 60. gününde kontrol grubuna plasebo olarak 1 mL %0.9'luk tuzlu su çözeltisi derialtı yolla enjeksiyon yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Besinin aynı günlerinde, Deneme-1 grubundaki buzağılara 1 mL ve 1 mL, Deneme-2 grubundaki buzağılara 1.5 mL ve 1.5 mL ve Deneme-3 grubundaki buzağılara ise 1.5 mL and 1 mL olmak üzere iki doz immunokastrasyon aşısı (Bopriva®) derialtı yolla enjeksiyon yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Besi 180 gün sürüştür. Farklı dozlarda immunokastrasyon aşısı uygulamasının entansif koşullarda yetiştirilen Holştayn erkek danalarında, canlı ağırlık ve karkas randımanı üzerine etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir (P>0.05). Buna karşın immunokastrasyon aşısı uygulamasının besinin 61-120 (P0.05). However, it reduced fattening performance between 61-120 days (P<0.05) and 1-180 days (P<0.01). As a result, it was decreased the fattening performance that administration of Bopriva® at different doses as a GnRH vaccine in Holstein male bulls; whereas it was determined that numerically increase in average daily live weight gain was found in the Trial-2 group than the other groups to which the immunocastration vaccine was applied

Genetic parameters and genetic trend of some yield traits of Holstein Friesian cattle population in Tropical Region (Teke)

This study was conducted to determine the milk yield and reproduction characteristics, genetic trend, and breeding values of Holstein cattle reared in Teke region (Antalya, Burdur, Denizli, and Isparta provinces) of Turkey. In this study, 9844 lactation and reproductive records of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle for the period of 2010 to 2017 were used. For this purpose, variance components and the heritability were calculated based on calving interval (CI) and number of inseminations per conception (NIC) from fertility characteristics and lactation length (LL), 305-day milk yield (305 DMY), and dry period (DP). It was determined that CI, NIC, LL, 305 DMY, and DP were 0.11, 0.10, 0.11, 0.33, and 0.01, respectively. The genetic trend of 305 DMY was 111.5 kg/year. The average breeding value was negative between 2005 and 2009 and positive between 2010 and 2015. In conclusion, the fact that especially 305 DMY heritability was generally higher in this study than the values reported by other studies conducted in Turkey and the genetic trend for 305 DMY was positive and high indicates that breeding value of Holstein cattle in the Teke region is high. Therefore, it can be recommended to continue the pedigree breeding of Holstein cattle in this region, keep pedigree and yield records meticulously, estimate breeding values for selecting animals with superior yield characteristics and using them in future generations, and include current biotechnological methods in breeding program to increase the efficiency in selection. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V

Kıl keçilerinin döl ve süt verimi özellikleri üzerine genetik olmayan faktörlerin etkisi

The aim of this study was to determine the potential effect of non-genetic factors on certain production characteristics of Hair goats raised under semi-intensive management and dry- sub humid conditions, and to investigate phenotypic correlations between these traits. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the effect of non-genetic factors on gestation length (GL), number of services per conception (NSPC), lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY) and daily milk yield (DMY), while the Chi-square method was used to evaluate other fertility parameters. The pregnancy rate, birth rate and single-birth rate in the Traditional Group were higher, while the infertility rate and NSPC were lower, than those in the Artificial Group (P<0.001). Furthermore, it was determined that LL, LMY and DMY increased (P<0.001), the NSPC decreased (P<0.001), and birth and twinning rates fluctuated (P<0.01) as age increased. The best fertility and milk yield characteristics were in the ≥5 year-old-goats and live weights of 45.0-49.9 kg. In addition, it was determined that kid yield was increased in the goats synchronized with intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluorogestone acetate and in those bred via the traditional method.Bu çalışmanın amacı, yarı entansif ve kurak az nemli iklim koşullarında yetiştirilen Kıl keçilerinin döl verimi ve süt verimi üzerine genetik olmayan faktörlerin etkisini belirlemek ve bu faktörler arasındaki fenotipik korelasyonu araştırmaktır. Gebelik süresi (GL), gebelik başına düşen tohumlama sayısı (NSPC), laktasyon uzunluğu (LL), laskyason süt verimi (LMY) ve günlük süt verimi (DMY) üzerine genetik olmayan faktörlerin değerlendirilmesinde Genear linear model, diğer döl verim parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesinde ise Chi-square metodu kullanılmıştır. Tabii tohumlama yapılan gruptaki keçilerin gebelik oranı, doğu m oranı ve tek doğum oranı suni tohumlama uygulananlardan daha yüksek iken, NSPC sayısı daha düşüktür. Yaş arttıkça LL, LMY ve DMY artmış (P<0.001), NSPC azalmış (P<0.001), tek ve ikiz doğum oranları ise dalgalanma göstermiştir (P<0.01). En iyi döl verimi ve süt verimi nin 5 ve daha yukarı yaşlı ve 45.0-49.9 kg canlı ağırlığındaki keçilerde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fluorogestone acetate içeren intravajinal sünger ile senkronizasyon ile tabii tohumlama uygulaması nın keçilerde oğlak verimini arttırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Parçacık paket dönüşümü bazlı yeni koklear implant stratejisi

Koklear implant sağırlık derecesindeki duyma kaybı olan insanların duyma seviyesini artırmaktadır. Farklı disiplinlerdeki çok sayıda araştırmacı kullanılan bu implant üzerinde çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Implant içerisinde kullanılan ses işleme algoritmaları genel olarak farklı frekans bandlarındaki sinyal gücünü açığa çıkarmak ve bunları kodlamak sureti ile çalışır. Bu çalışmamızda, daha iyi ses işleme kapasitesine sahip ve Parçacık Paket Dönüşümü bazlı yeni bir model ve yaklaşım öneriyoruz. Önerdiğimiz algoritma ses anlaşırlığı üzerinde önemli etkiler getirmektedir. Ayrıca elektrot seçiminde Parçacık Paket Dönüşümü entropi yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır ve bu sayede algoritmanın gürültüye karşı dayınımı artırılmıştır. Cochlear implants (CI) improve partial hearing to profoundly deaf people. Many investigators from various disciplines can be made combined efforts for progression on these implants. The speech processing strategy in modern CI?s extracts and encodes amplitude information in a number of frequency bands. In this paper, we proposed an approach to improve the performance of speech enhancement techniques based on wavelet packet (WP) algorithm. To influence on speech intelligibility, the WP algorithm was modified to increase the effects of the strategies. Then this entropy based modification was applied for electrode selection

Effects of Traditional System and Intensive Fattening on the Fattening Performance, Slaughtering and Carcass Characteristics in the Akkaraman Yearling

This research was intended to determine the fattening performance and carcass characteristics of Akkaraman male lambs fattened under traditional system and intensive fattening system.  Each treatment groups (traditional system I, control, traditional system II) contained 20 Akkaraman male lambs and experiment lasted 70 days. Initial and final body weights of lambs were 32.47, 38.07, 37.73; 46.08, 53.26, 46.87 kg for traditional system I, control, traditional system II, respectively. Daily weight gains were 0.190, 0.220, 0.200 kg, and amounts of forage and concentrate feed consumed per 1 kg weight gain were  4.995, 5.045, 3.715 kg; and 4.165, 4.436, 5.710 kg for traditional system I, control, traditional system II, respectively. Amounts of daily concentrate and forage consumption were 0.999, 1.110, 0.743 kg; and 0.833, 0.976, 1.142 kg for traditional system I, control, traditional system II, respectively. Hot carcass, cold carcass weights and dressing percentages were 22.18, 24.68, 22.77 kg (P&lt;0.05); 21.72, 24.18, 22.32 kg (P&lt;0.05); and 0.48, 0.50, 0.50 % (P&lt;0.05) for traditional system I, control, traditional system II, respectively. Some carcass characteristics obtained from experiment were as follows; 51.34, 52.44, 52.56 % for meat in carcass, 14.19, 13.85, 13.26 % for fat in whole carcass, 19.74, 18.26, 18.69 % for bone in carcass,  8.03, 8.49, 8.62 % for fat in tail, 0.63, 0.37, 0.35 % (P&lt;0.01) for fat on kidney, 0.52, 0.41, 0.59 for internal fat, 27.00, 26.84, 27,41 % for leg, 15.99, 15.69, 15.92 % for foreleg, 4.91, 4.88, 5.09 % for back, 4.85, 5.37, 4.87 % for loin, 24.68, 24.66, 24.21 for others, respectively. In conclusion, even though traditional sheep raisers claimed that they fatten very well, it was observed that nutrient requirement of animal was not met under traditional fattening system. Fattening period lasted long because adaptation period to concentrate feed was very long. Control group performed better compared with other groups

Phytoremedi̇ati̇on of heavy metals, using the fresh water ferns Azolla filiculoides Lam

Because of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment, accumulation of heavy metals and toxic effects may occur in living organisms in this area. In Our Study, some physiological and morphological changes were investigated on different concentrations of Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Cadmium (Cd) heavy metals of Azolla filiculoides plant for 8 days period. In our study, growth rates (RGR) and lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in plant samples treated with heavy metals. In order to detect the heavy metal contents, the samples were dissolved in the microwave sample preparation device and the element quantities were determined in the ICP-MS device. At the same time, antioxidant activities of Azolla filiculoides plant were determined by DPPH radical reduction, chelating metal ions and total phenol amount. When the results were evaluated, it was determined that as the heavy metal concentration increased, the accumulation amount of the plant increased and the highest accumulation was at a concentration of As 50 mgl-1 (103763 μgg-1). It has been determined that as the heavy metal concentration applied to the plant increases, the growth rate decreases in all samples. MDA increased as the heavy metal concentration increased. As for the As control, the amount of MDA was found to be 3,143 nmol/g while it was found to be 8,015 nmol/g at the concentration of 50 mg l-1. When the plant DPPH radical reduction reviewed; A. filiiculoides cleared the free radical in the medium by 100% at a concentration of 1 mg ml-1, while at the same concentration BHA 80%, α-tocopherol 74% and BHT 68% cleared. At a concentration vii of 1 mg ml-1, A. filiiculoides had a metal chelating capacity of 91.35%, while EDTA at the same concentration had a metal chelating capacity of 94%. In addition, β-carotene content of Azolla filiculoides was found to be 0,478 μg mg-1, lycopene amount 0.074 μg mg-1, and average total phenol content was found to be 367,95 μg mg-1. Consequently;.it is believed that the plant can be used effectively for the purpose of plant removal in heavy metal contaminated areas and that the study will contribute to the phytoremediation studies in this context.Sucul ortamlarda oluşan ağır metal kirliliği neticesinde, bu alanda yaşayan canlılarda ağır metaller birikimi ve toksik etki meydana gelebilirr. Çalışmamızda farklı konsantrasyonlardaki Arsenik (As), Kurşun (Pb), Nikel (Ni) ve Kadmiyum (Cd) ağır metallerinin 8 günlük periyotta Azolla filiculoides bitkisinde meydana getirdikleri bazı fizyolojik ve morfolojik değişiklikler araştırılmıştır. Çalışmamızda ağır metal uygulanan bitki örneklernde büyüme oranları (RGR), ve lipid peroksidasyonu markeri malondialdehit (MDA) tayin edilmiştir. Ağır metal içeriklerini tespit etmek için mikrodalga numune hazırlama cihazında örnekler çözülerek, element miktarları ICP-MS cihazında belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda Azolla filiculoides bitkisinin antioksidan aktiviteleri DPPH radikali indirgemesi, metal iyonları şelatlama ve total fenol miktarı metotları ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde ağır metal konsantrasyonu arttıkça bitkinin akümülasyon miktarının arttığı, en yüksek akümülasyonun As 50 mgl-1‘lik konsantrasyonda (103763 μgg-1) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bitkiye uygulanan ağır metal konsantrasyonu arttıkça tüm örneklerde büyüme oranının azaldığı, belirlenmiştir. MDA ağır metal konsantrasyonu arttıkça strese bağlı olarak artış göstermiştir. As kontrol örneğinde MDA miktarı 3,143 nmol/g iken 50 mgl-1‘lik konsantrasyonda 8,015 nmol/g bulunmuştur. Bitkinin DPPH radikali indirgemesi incelendiğinde; 1 mg ml-1 konsantrasyonda A. filiiculoides ortamdaki serbest radikali %100 oranında temizlerken, aynı konsantrasyonda BHA %80, α-tocopherol %74 ve BHT %68 oranında temizlemiştir. v 1 mg ml-1 konsantrasyonda A. filiiculoides %91,35 metal şelatlama kapasitesine sahipken, aynı konsantrasyonda EDTA %94 metal şelatlama kapasitesine sahiptir. Ayrıca Azolla filiiculoides türünün β-karoten içeriği 0,478 μg mg-1, likopen miktarı 0,074 μg mg-1 ve toplam fenolik miktarına ise ortalama 367,95 μg mg-1 tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçta; ağır metallerle kirlenmiş alanlarda bitkinin, bitkisel giderim amacıyla etkili şekilde kullanılabileceği ve çalışmanın bitkisel arıtım (fiteromediasyon) çalışmalarına bu bağlamda katkı sağlayacağına inanılmaktadır

The Investigation of yield and morphological characteristics of Hamdani sheep in Van Area; I. various yield characteristics of sheep

Bu araştırma, Hamdani koyun ırkının döl, süt ve yapağı verimleri ile bazı yapağı özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, döl verimi özellikleri için 105, süt verimi özellikleri için 64 ve yapağı verimi ve özellikleri için 91 baş koyun kullanılmıştır. Koyunlarda östrus, gebelik, doğum oranları ile bir doğuma düşen ortalama kuzu sayısı sırası ile %98, %98, %92 ve 1.04 olarak belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak laktasyon süt verimi, günlük süt verimi, laktasyon süresi ve sütte yağ oranı sırasıyla 142.36 kg, 615.94 g, 229.88 gün ve %7.45 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kirli yapağı verimi, yapağı randıman, yapağıda uzunluk, incelik, kıvrım ve sortimenti sırasıyla 2.41 kg, %56.91, 18.04 cm, 30.15 ?, 2.50 ve 50 S olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Hamdani koyunlarının, döl verimi, yapağı verimi ve bazı yapağı özelliklerinin bölgedeki diğer koyun ırklarınki ile benzerlik gösterdiği ancak süt veriminin bölgedeki diğer koyun ırklarından daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.The aim of this study was to determine fertility, milk and wool yields with some wool characteristics of Hamdani sheep. In this study 105 for fertility, 64 for milk production and 91 for wool yield and characteristic were utilized. Estrus, pregnancy and lambing rates and average lamb number per lambing were 98%, 98%, 92% and 1.04 respectively. Mean milking yield during lactation period, daily milk yield, lactation period, and percentage of milk fat were 142.36 kg, 615.94 g, 229.88 d and 7.45% respectively. Dirty wool weight, percentage of clean wool, wool length, thinness, curliness and sortimenti were 2.41 kg, 56.91%, 18.04 cm, 30.15&amp;#956;m, 2.50 and 50 S, respectively. In conclusion, fertility, wool yield and some wool characteristics of Hamdani sheep were similar to other sheep breed raised in the region but milk yield was higher than other sheep breed raised in the region

The investigation of yield and morphological characteristics of Hamdani sheep in Van area; II. growth, survival rate, fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs

Bu araştırma Hamdani kuzularında büyüme, yaşama gücü, besi performansı, kesim ve karkas özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Büyüme performansının belirlenmesinde 87, besi performansının belirlenmesinde 21, kesim ve karkas özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde 12 baş Hamdani kuzusu kullanılmıştır. Kuzular da doğum ağırlığı 4.66 kg, 90.gündeki (sütten kesim) ağırlığı 21.59 kg’dır. 0-90.gün arası dönemde ortalama günlük canlı ağırlık artışı 192 g, sütten kesimdeki (90.Gün) yaşama gücü %95.05 olarak bulunmuştur. Doğum ağırlığına ve büyümenin bazı dönemlerindeki beden ağırlığına doğum tipinin etkisi p<0.01 düzeyinde önemli olmuştur. Kuzuların 70 günlük besi süresince günlük canlı ağırlık artışı 206 g, günlük tükettikleri kesif ve kaba yem miktarları 0.16 kg ile 1.26 kg olarak saptanmıştır. 39.22 kg canlı ağırlıkta kesilen kuzuların soğuk karkas randımanı %46.61, kuyruk yağı 2.55 kg, kuyruk yağının karkasa oranı %13.59 ve MLD kesit alanı 17.25 cm2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu verilere dayalı olarak; Hamdani kuzularının büyüme, yaşama gücü, besi performansı, kesim ve karkas özellikleri yönünden bölgede yetiştiriciliği yapılan Akkaraman, Morkaraman ve Norduz gibi yağlı kuyruklu ırklara benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hamdani koyun ırkında farklı besi metotları kullanılarak besi performansının ve ideal kesim ağırlığının tespit edilmesi için yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu, ayrıca bölgenin ekonomik ve pazar şartları dikkate alınarak, Hamdani koyun ırkının veriminin iyileştirilmesi yönünde çalışmalar yapıldığında, Hamdani koyunun bölge yetiştiricilerine ekonomik yönden yarar sağlayacağı kanaatine varılmıştır.This study was carried out to determine growth, survival rate, fattening performance, slaughtering and carcass characteristics of Hamdani lambs. 87 lambs for growth performance, 21 lambs for fattening performance, 12 lambs for slaughtering and carcass characteristics were used. Mean birth weight of lambs was 4.66 kg and weaning weight at 90th day was 21.59 kg. Average daily live weight gain at 0-90 d was 192 g, survival rate of lambs at weaning (90th day) was 95.05%.The effect of birth type on birth weight and live weight gains at some part of growth was significant (p&lt;0.01). Mean daily weight gain was 206 g throughout the experiment. Daily amounts of forage and concentrate feed consumptions were 0.16 kg and 1.26 kg, respectively. The dressing percentage was 46.61 for lambs slaughtered at 39.22 kg of body weight. Mean tail fat, the size of MLD and tail fat/carcass ratio were 2.55 kg, 17.25 cm2 and 13.59%, respectively. In conclusion, growth performance, survival rate, fattening performance, slaughtering and carcass characteristics of Hamdani lambs were similar to lambs of other fat tail sheep such as Akkaraman, Morkaraman and Norduz. There is a need for the determination of ideal slaughtering weights at different fattening methods. Moreover, it was thought that Hamdani sheep can provide considerable economic benefits if studies are carried out to improve production traits of Hamdani sheep based on the needs of economic and marketing conditions of the region