Clinical evaluation of antiviral combination treatment in cats with feline herpesvirus-1 infection

Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) can cause lifelong problems such as rhinotracheitis and ocular disease due to latency and reactivation in affected cats. The particular effects of antiviral drugs have been separately investigated in previous studies for decades and little is known about the combination treatment in active FHV-1 infection. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of antiviral combination on clinical effectiveness in cats with naturally occurring FHV-1 infection. 28 cats suffering from clinical signs of sneezing, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, and eye/nose discharge were involved in this study following FHV-1 DNA detection by PCR assay in oculo-oropharyngeal samples. The treatment protocol was as follows: oral famciclovir and L-lysine, ophthalmic acyclovir, and subcutaneous amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. The symptoms improved each day and total recovery success rate was 80% reduction in clinical scores at the end of the treatment on day 10 (p0.05). The arginine to lysine ratio decreased in favour of lysine (p<0.01). As a result, the antiviral combination treatment with famciclovir, L-lysine and ophthalmic acyclovir, and antibacterial drug appears to be clinically effective for the treatment of naturally occurring active FHV-1 infection in cats. In addition, any adverse clinical effect has not been determined associated with the antiviral combination during the study

Visseral leishmaniasisli üç staffordshire bull terrier köpekte amfoterisin- bnin etkinliği, klinik-patolojik değişkenler ve oksidatif stres belirteçleri

BuçalışmadavisseralLeishmaniasisli(VL)üçStaffordshireBullTerrierköpekteLeishmaniaenfeksiyonuveAMB (amfoterisin-B)tedavisininhematolojik,biyokimyasalveoksidatifstresparametreleriüzerineetkilerinideğerlendirmek amaçlandı.Buköpeklerkilokaybı,halsizlikvederilezyonlarıilekliniğegetirildi.Kaninkala-azartestkitiVLliköpeklerde pozitifti.VisseralLeishmaniasisliolgularaAMB0.6-1.5mg/kg/haftadozunda4aysüreileuygulandı.Leishmaniaetkenleri olgu1ve2deALTdüzeyindeartışabağlıolarakkaraciğerhasarına,olgu3teeritrosit,hemoglobinvehematokritdüzeyde azalmayaveMDAdaartışaveGSH-PxdeazalmayanedenoldufakatVLliköpeklerdenormalürevekreatinindüzeyinebağlı olarakböbrekfonksiyonlarınıetkilemedi.AMBtedavisinekademeliyanıtgözlendi.TedaviseyrininsonundaVLliolgular klinikolarakiyileşti.Sonuçolarak6aysüreiletakiptekliniknüksolmamasınabağlıolarakvisseralLeishmaniasisitedavi etmekiçin4aysüreliAMBuygulamasınınetkiliolabileceğikanısınavarıldı.ThisstudywasaimedatevaluatingtheeffectsofLeishmaniainfectionandAMB(amphotericin-B)treatmenton hematological,biochemicalandoxidativestressparametersinthreeStaffordshireBullTerrierdogswithvisceral leishmaniasis(VL).Thesedogswerepresentedwithweightloss,weakness,andcutaneouslesions.Caninekala-azar detectionkitwaspositiveindogswithVL.AMBwasadministeredtocaseswithVLatadoseof0.6to1.5mg/kg/weekfor4 months.LeishmaniaagentscausedtheliverinjuryduetoincreaseintheALTlevelincases1and2,decreaseinerythrocyte, hemoglobin,andhematocritlevelandincreasein theMDA,anddecreaseintheGSH-Pxincase3,butLeishmaniaagents didnotaffectthekidneyfunctionsduetonormalureaandcreatininelevelinthedogswithVL.Agradualresponsetothe AMBtreatmentwasobserved.Attheendoftreatmentcourse,caseswithVLweretreated clinically.Itwasconcludedthat the AMBadministration for4monthsmightbeeffectivetotreatVLduetonoclinicalrecurrencefor6-monthfollow-up period

Visseral leishmaniasis’li üç staffordshire bull terrier köpekte amfoterisin B’nin etkinliği, klinik-patolojik değişkenler ve oksidatif stres belirteçleri

Haydardedeoğlu, Ali Evren ( Aksaray, Yazar )This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Leishmania infection and AMB (amphotericin-B) treatment on hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in three Staffordshire Bull Terrier dogs with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). These dogs were presented with weight loss, weakness, and cutaneous lesions. Canine kala-azar detection kit was positive in dogs with VL. AMB was administered to cases with VL at a dose of 0.6 to 1.5 mg/kg/week for 4 months. Leishmania agents caused the liver injury due to increase in the ALT level in cases 1 and 2, decrease in erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit level and increase in the MDA, and decrease in the GSH-Px in case 3, but Leishmania agents did not affect the kidney functions due to normal urea and creatinine level in the dogs with VL. A gradual response to the AMB treatment was observed. At the end of treatment course, cases with VL were treated clinically. It was concluded that the AMB administration for 4 months might be effective to treat VL due to no clinical recurrence for 6-month follow-up period.Bu çalışmada visseral Leishmaniasis’li (VL) üç Staffordshire Bull Terrier köpekte Leishmania enfeksiyonu ve AMB (amfoterisin-B) tedavisinin hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve oksidatif stres parametreleri üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmek amaçlandı. Bu köpekler kilo kaybı, halsizlik ve deri lezyonları ile kliniğe getirildi. Kanin kala-azar test kiti VL’li köpeklerde pozitifti. Visseral Leishmaniasis’li olgulara AMB 0.6-1.5 mg/kg/hafta dozunda 4 ay süre ile uygulandı. Leishmania etkenleri olgu 1 ve 2’de ALT düzeyinde artışa bağlı olarak karaciğer hasarına, olgu 3’te eritrosit, hemoglobin ve hematokrit düzeyde azalmaya ve MDA’da artışa ve GSH-Px’de azalmaya neden oldu fakat VL’li köpeklerde normal üre ve kreatinin düzeyine bağlı olarak böbrek fonksiyonlarını etkilemedi. AMB tedavisine kademeli yanıt gözlendi. Tedavi seyrinin sonunda VL’li olgular klinik olarak iyileşti. Sonuç olarak 6 ay süre ile takipte klinik nüks olmamasına bağlı olarak visseral Leishmaniasis’i tedavi etmek için 4 ay süreli AMB uygulamasının etkili olabileceği kanısına varıldı

The Protective Effects of Peganum harmala Extract on Lung and Kidney in Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation and Perforation in Rats

Sepsis is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction, tissue damage and hyper-inflammation. Peganum harmala (PH) is a plant considered for its antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogen and antiinflammatory properties. This study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of PH extract on tissues and cytokines in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in rats. Forty rats were divided into five groups. Groups were sham-operated (control), CLP, 90 mg/kg PH-treated CLP, 180 mg/kg PH-treated CLP and 180 mg/kg PH-treated control healthy. Animals were sacrificed at the 16th h of the study. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed in lung, kidney and blood samples. Both 90 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg doses of PH decreased the level of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and high dose of PH reduced the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the serum compared to CLP group. The PH also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the total levels of glutathione (GSH) in the lung and kidney tissues of septic rats. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lung and kidney tissues was reduced in both PH treated CLP groups. The histopathological results were in accordance with the biochemical results. The CLP + 180 mg/kg PH group had the lowest inflammation score in the lung. In conclusion, the administration of PH has prevented the oxidative stress, the cytokine response and the inflammation in CLP-induced septic rats

Effects of photoperiod on thyroid gland development and function in growing chicks: A biochemical and morphometric study

Context: Light treatment has a regulatory role in some growth-related functions, including thyroid development in chicks. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different photoperiod treatments on thyroid organ weight and serum thyroid hormone concentrations of broilers by use of biochemical and histological methods. Methods: After the hatching, 120 broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into two main groups according to sex. Both groups were then split into two sub-groups based on photoperiod treatment: 16 h (i.e. 16 h light:8 h dark) and 24 h (24 h light:0 h dark). Thyroid gland and blood samples of six animals from each group were obtained after slaughtering at 7-day intervals from Day 14 after hatching to Day 42. Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by the chemiluminescence method for all groups. Thyroid weight, bodyweight and thyroid follicle diameter were also measured. Key results: Thyroid weight:bodyweight ratio generally started to increase from Day 14 to Day 42, with no significant (P > 0.05) difference among the groups at the same age. For both male and female broiler chicks, morphometric measures increased as birds grew. Serum FT3 and TSH concentrations slightly decreased and serum FT4 concentrations increased in growing chicks of both sexes. Conclusions: Extending the photoperiod from 16 to 24 h had no effects on thyroid gland development or functions in terms of both biochemical and morphometric parameters in broiler chicks. Implications: Continuous light has minimal effects on thyroid functions of growing broiler chicks to Day 42.Context: Light treatment has a regulatory role in some growth-related functions, including thyroid development in chicks. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different photoperiod treatments on thyroid organ weight and serum thyroid hormone concentrations of broilers by use of biochemical and histological methods. Methods: After the hatching, 120 broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into two main groups according to sex. Both groups were then split into two sub-groups based on photoperiod treatment: 16 h (i.e. 16 h light:8 h dark) and 24 h (24 h light:0 h dark). Thyroid gland and blood samples of six animals from each group were obtained after slaughtering at 7-day intervals from Day 14 after hatching to Day 42. Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by the chemiluminescence method for all groups. Thyroid weight, bodyweight and thyroid follicle diameter were also measured. Key results: Thyroid weight:bodyweight ratio generally started to increase from Day 14 to Day 42, with no significant (P > 0.05) difference among the groups at the same age. For both male and female broiler chicks, morphometric measures increased as birds grew. Serum FT3 and TSH concentrations slightly decreased and serum FT4 concentrations increased in growing chicks of both sexes. Conclusions: Extending the photoperiod from 16 to 24 h had no effects on thyroid gland development or functions in terms of both biochemical and morphometric parameters in broiler chicks. Implications: Continuous light has minimal effects on thyroid functions of growing broiler chicks to Day 42

Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin on Alveolar Bone Resorption After Experimental Periodontitis in Rats: A Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Study

DUMAN, SUAYIP BURAK/0000-0003-2552-0187; Kara, Adem/0000-0002-5766-6116WOS: 000357205800006PubMed: 25812911Background: the present study aims to investigate the effects of systemic melatonin administration on alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (control, experimental periodontitis [Ped], and experimental periodontitis treated with melatonin [Mel-Ped]). For periodontitis induction, first molars were ligatured submarginally for 4 weeks. After ligature removal, rats in the Mel-Ped group were treated with a daily single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight melatonin for 15 consecutive days. At the end of the study, intracardiac blood samples and mandible tissues were obtained for histologic, biochemical, and radiographic analysis. Serum markers related to bone turnover, calcium, phosphorus, bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), and terminal C telopeptide of collagen Type I (CTX) were analyzed. Myeloperoxidase levels were determined in gingival tissue homogenates, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) activation was analyzed in the mandible samples stereologically. Alveolar bone loss was also evaluated radiographically in the mandible samples of each group. Results: Melatonin treatment decreased serum CTX levels and increased b-ALP levels. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were not statistically different among groups (P >0.05). Alveolar bone resorption and myeloperoxidase activity were statistically higher in the Ped group compared to the Mel-Ped group (P <0.05). Immunohistochemical staining of RANKL and osteoclast activity were significantly lower in the Mel-Ped group compared to the Ped group (P <0.05). Conclusion: This study reveals that melatonin treatment significantly inhibits regional alveolar bone resorption and contributes to periodontal healing in an experimental periodontitis rat model