Choice of address terms in conversational setting

A choice of an address term signals the relationship between language and society and how a person imagines his/her relationship with the addressee within this society. Address terms, therefore, provides sociolinguistic information about the interlocutors as well as pragmatic aspect of the situation. Previous research have focused on the effect of power and solidarity in the choice of address terms. This study, on the other hand, focuses on the address terms used during spontaneous conversation taking place in a no-power situation. The primary concern of the study is to identify the potential effects of a bilingual situation and a different culture. This study investigated the address terms school children use in a reciprocal situation, which are further analyzed regarding the potential effect of age, gender and being monolingual or bilingual in this issue. For this purpose, the group conversations of 56 monolingual Turkish speaking and 48 monolingual Turkish-Danish speaking children were analyzed. The address terms are coded and classified as emerged from the data. The results have shown that monolingual children use a great variety of address terms while bilingual children dwell on first names more frequently. Choice of address forms are governed by politeness, and positive and negative face. The results will lead to awareness-raising on pragmatic aspects of conversations and social relationship and will have implications on educational context especially in bilingual settings

Gebelik sirasinda uzun dönem etil alkol, metil alkol ve etilen glikol?e maruz kalmanin yeni doğan yavrular üzerine toksik etkisinin incelenmesi

Yüksek LisansBu çalışmada, gebelik süresince etil alkol, metil alkol ve etilen glikole maruz kalan sıçanlardan doğan yavrular erişkin döneme geldiklerinde ağırlık, hot plate, rotarod ve porsolt testleri açısından etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada her iki cinsten toplam 40 adet Wistar sıçan ortalama ağırlıkları eşit olacak şekilde 4 gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1 kontrol (n=10), grup 2 etil alkol (n=10), grup 3 metil alkol (n=10), grup 4 etilen glikol (n=10) olarak belirlendi. Grup 2'ye günlük 4 g/kg etil alkol, grup 3 deki hayvanlara metil alkol, grup 4 deki hayvanlara 3 g/kg etilen glikol gebelik süresince verilerek doğan yavrular erişkin döneme geldiklerinde bu maddelerin kilo, denge, depresyon ve ağrı eşiği üzerine oluşturdukları etkiler incelendi. Etil alkol, metil alkol, etilen glikol verilen gruplar ağırlık açısından kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, 2. grupta anlamlı bir fark gözlenmezken 3. ve 4. gruplarda artma yönünde fark gözlendi. Hot plate, rotarod ve porsolt testleri açısından her üç grupta da kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmediği görüldü. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda çalışmamızda kontrol grubundaki hayvanlar ile etil alkol, metil alkol ve etilen glikol verilen gruptaki hayvanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadığını saptamış olup verilen dozların yetersiz olabileceğini ve ilerki çalışmalar da farklı dozlar ve farklı uygulama yolları kullanarak daha net sonuçlar elde edebileceğimizi düşünüyoruz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Embriyo toksisite, etil alkol, metil alkol, etilen glikol.THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF THE ETHANOL, METHANOL AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL ON THE OFFSPRINGS OF RATS SUBJECTED TO THESE SUBSTANCES DURING THE PREGNANCY SUMMARY In this study, the effects of ethanol, methanol and ethylene glycol on the offsprings of rats subjected to these substances during the pregnancy period, were investigated in terms of body weight, hot plate, rotarod and porsolt tests at the adulthood. Forty Wistar rats of either sex were randomized into 4 groups (n=10): Group 1, control; Group 2, ethanol (4g/kg/day); Group 3, methanol (4g/kg/day) and Group 4, ethylene glycol (3g/kg/day). The treatments were administered during the whole pregnancy period. At the adulthood of these offsprings (8 weeks), body weight, pain threshold, rotarod and porsolt test performances were investigated. When the groups that were given ethanol, methanol and ethylene glycol were compared with the control group in terms of body weight, a significant difference was not observed in group 2; however an increase was observed in groups 3 and 4. A statistically significant difference was not observed in three groups in the terms of hot plate, rotarod and porsolt tests when they were compared with the control group. As a result of our study, we determined that there is no statistically significant difference between the control group and the groups which were given ethanol, methanol and ethylene glycol. Key words: Embryo toxicity, ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol

Changes in dimension of neurovascular canals in the mandible and maxilla : a radiographic finding in patients diagnosed with MRONJ

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the morphological features of neurovascular canals and foramina of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) and healthy individuals by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The CBCT images of 58 patients under bisphosphonate therapy diagnosed with MRONJ and age gender- matched controls were retrospectively evaluated. The diameter of mandibular and nasopalatine canal and mandibular, mental and lingual foramina were measured on several sections of CBCT. The value of mental index (MI) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) were also assessed. The mean value of diametric measurements for all neurovascular canals and foramina in MRONJ patients were narrower than controls. Left mandibular foramen was the most affected area (p<0.001). There were significantly difference in all measurements of mental foramen, lingual foramen and mandibular incisive canal between two groups (p<0.05). PMI of MRONJ subjects were also significantly differences in both sides (p<0.05). In MRONJ patient, neurovascular canals and foramina are affected due to the alterations in bone remodeling. Therefore, the diametric measurement of neurovascular canals and assessment of MI and PMI on CBCT, is a potentially useful method for detection of early changes associated with bisphosphonate therapy and for predict areas where new necrosis may occur

Acute cyanide poisoning caused by apricot kernel

[No Abstract Available

Natural Language Interfaces to Data

Recent advances in NLU and NLP have resulted in renewed interest in natural language interfaces to data, which provide an easy mechanism for non-technical users to access and query the data. While early systems evolved from keyword search and focused on simple factual queries, the complexity of both the input sentences as well as the generated SQL queries has evolved over time. More recently, there has also been a lot of focus on using conversational interfaces for data analytics, empowering a line of non-technical users with quick insights into the data. There are three main challenges in natural language querying (NLQ): (1) identifying the entities involved in the user utterance, (2) connecting the different entities in a meaningful way over the underlying data source to interpret user intents, and (3) generating a structured query in the form of SQL or SPARQL. There are two main approaches for interpreting a user's NLQ. Rule-based systems make use of semantic indices, ontologies, and KGs to identify the entities in the query, understand the intended relationships between those entities, and utilize grammars to generate the target queries. With the advances in deep learning (DL)-based language models, there have been many text-to-SQL approaches that try to interpret the query holistically using DL models. Hybrid approaches that utilize both rule-based techniques as well as DL models are also emerging by combining the strengths of both approaches. Conversational interfaces are the next natural step to one-shot NLQ by exploiting query context between multiple turns of conversation for disambiguation. In this article, we review the background technologies that are used in natural language interfaces, and survey the different approaches to NLQ. We also describe conversational interfaces for data analytics and discuss several benchmarks used for NLQ research and evaluation.Comment: The full version of this manuscript, as published by Foundations and Trends in Databases, is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/190000007

Turist rehberlerine yönelik etik dışı davranışlar: Antalya ili örneği

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı Antalya ilinde faaliyet gösteren profesyonel turist rehberlerinin mesleğin icrası sürecinde maruz kaldığı etik dışı davranışların belirlenmesidir. 100 adet turist rehberinden anket tekniği elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda etki dışı davranışların seyahat acentası/tur operatörü kaynaklı ve turist / turist grupları kaynaklı olarak iki boyut içerdiği, seyahat acentası kaynaklı etik dışı davranışların daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte maruz kalınan etik dışı davranışların rehberlerin yaş grupları ve hizmet sundukları dil bağlamında farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir

Lovelock: Towards Smart NIC-hosted Clusters

Traditional cluster designs were originally server-centric, and have evolved recently to support hardware acceleration and storage disaggregation. In applications that leverage acceleration, the server CPU performs the role of orchestrating computation and data movement and data-intensive applications stress the memory bandwidth. Applications that leverage disaggregation can be adversely affected by the increased PCIe and network bandwidth resulting from disaggregation. In this paper, we advocate for a specialized cluster design for important data intensive applications, such as analytics, query processing and ML training. This design, Lovelock, replaces each server in a cluster with one or more headless smart NICs. Because smart NICs are significantly cheaper than servers on bandwidth, the resulting cluster can run these applications without adversely impacting performance, while obtaining cost and energy savings