The effect of sugar and sugary food/beverage consumption on some anthropometric measurements: A study on preschool children: Şeker ve şekerli yiyecek/içecek tüketiminin bazı antropometrik ölçümler üzerine etkisi: Okul öncesi çağı çocukları üzerine bir çalışma

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of sugar and sugary food/beverage consumption on the anthropometric measurement values of pre-school children.Method: The study is a descriptive study conducted on 307 children aged 4-6 years attending pre-school education institutions in Kırıkkale city centre. Children were interviewed with their families and a questionnaire including questions about their demographic characteristics, eating habits, frequency of food consumption and amount of food was applied, and anthropometric measurements were taken. SPSS 22.0 program was used in the statistical analysis of the obtained data.Findings: 51.8% of the children participating in the study were boys and 48.2% were girls. Obesity rate is higher in boys (31.5%) than girls (25.0%). It was observed that children most frequently consumed sugar (20.8%), sweets (25.4%), chocolate (31.9%) and biscuits (28.7%) 3-4 days a week. A low-strength positive correlation was found between the consumption of carbonated beverages and all anthropometric measurements of children (p<0,05). It was determined that there was a low-strong and positive correlation between children's body weight, waist circumference mid-upper arm circumference values and fructose and sucrose intakes (p<0,05); and moderate-low-strong and positive correlation between their BMI and fructose and sucrose intakes (p<0,05). Conclusion: As a result of the study, obesity is high in the pre-school children. It was determined that the consumption of carbonated beverages and the intake of fructose and sucrose were associated with an increase in body weight, mid-upper arm circumference, waist circumference and BMI. (Extended English summary is at the end of this document) ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, şeker ve şekerli yiyecek/içecek tüketiminin okul öncesi çağı çocuklarının antropometrik ölçüm değerleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir.Yöntem: Çalışma, Kırıkkale merkezde okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 4-6 yaş grubu 307 çocukta yürütülen tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Çocuklara, aileleri ile görüşülerek demografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıklarını sorgulayan sorular ile besin tüketim sıklığı ve miktarını sorgulayan anket uygulanmış, antropometrik ölçümleri alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizlerinde SPSS 22.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan çocukların %51.8’i erkek, %48.2’si kızdır. Kızlara (%25.0) göre erkeklerde (%31.5) obezite görülme oranı daha yüksektir. Çocukların en sık haftada 3-4 gün şeker (%20.8), şekerleme (%25.4), çikolata (%31.9) ve bisküvi (%28.7) tükettikleri görülmüştür. Çocukların gazlı içecek tüketimi ile tüm antropometrik ölçümleri arasında düşük kuvvetli pozitif yönlü ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Çocukların vücut ağırlığı, bel çevresi, üst orta kol çevresi ölçümleri ile fruktoz ve sakkaroz alımları arasında düşük kuvvetli ve pozitif yönlü (p<0.05), BKİ ile fruktoz ve sakkaroz alımları arasında ise orta-düşük kuvvetli ve pozitif yönlü ilişki belirlenmiştir (p<0.05).Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda okul öncesi çocuklarda obezitenin yüksek olduğu, özellikle gazlı içecek tüketiminin ve fruktoz ve sakkaroz alımının vücut ağırlığı, üst orta kol çevresi, bel çevresi ve BKİ artışı ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Investigating evolutionary trade-offs for designing novel strategies to slow down evolution of antibiotic resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. The straightforward solution to this problem is developing new antibiotics that can kill all of the drug resistant bugs, alas; this has not been possible so far due to economic and natural limitations. Another plausible solution to this problem is the effective use of already existing antibiotics by designing novel treatment strategies. However, efforts towards finding such strategies have not been rewarding to the date due to our limited knowledge about the origins of antibiotic resistance at the molecular and population levels. In order to tackle this problem, we performed an extensive laboratory evolution experiment where we evolved drug sensitive E.coli populations against 22 different clinically important antibiotic compounds and systematically phenotyped and genotyped evolved populations. Benefiting from this extensive data set, we identified common genetic targets for resistance conferring mutations and resulting phenotypic changes. Our analysis allows us design effective multidrug treatments strategies that can slow down evolution of antibiotic resistance. We hope that, the methodologies that were developed throughout this study will also be helpful for finding effective therapies for combating cancer and immune disease

Evaluation of problematic use of mobile phones and quality of sleep among high school students

It was aimed to evaluate the problematic use of mobile phones and quality of sleep among high school students. This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 1,131 high school students studying at Sivrihisar, a district of Eskisehir, in December 2012. The questionnaire form include the sociodemographic characteristics, problematic use of mobile phones and quality of sleep. Bianchi-Phillips problematic use of mobile phones (PUMP) scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used. Median score of PUMP was higher in students using cigarette, using headphones, having a lover and changing the mobile phone frequently (p<0.05 for each). Quality of sleep was found to decline with increasing median scores on PUMP scale.Results of the present study suggest that problematic use of mobile phones declines the quality of life among high school students from Sivrihisar. Adolescents and their family should be informed about use of mobile phones

Strength of selection pressure is an important parameter contributing to the complexity of antibiotic resistance evolution

Revealing the genetic changes responsible for antibiotic resistance can be critical for developing novel antibiotic therapies. However, systematic studies correlating genotype to phenotype in the context of antibiotic resistance have been missing. In order to fill in this gap, we evolved 88 isogenic Escherichia coli populations against 22 antibiotics for 3 weeks. For every drug, two populations were evolved under strong selection and two populations were evolved under mild selection. By quantifying evolved populations' resistances against all 22 drugs, we constructed two separate cross-resistance networks for strongly and mildly selected populations. Subsequently, we sequenced representative colonies isolated from evolved populations for revealing the genetic basis for novel phenotypes. Bacterial populations that evolved resistance against antibiotics under strong selection acquired high levels of cross-resistance against several antibiotics, whereas other bacterial populations evolved under milder selection acquired relatively weaker cross-resistance. In addition, we found that strongly selected strains against aminoglycosides became more susceptible to five other drug classes compared with their wild-type ancestor as a result of a point mutation on TrkH, an ion transporter protein. Our findings suggest that selection strength is an important parameter contributing to the complexity of antibiotic resistance problem and use of high doses of antibiotics to clear infections has the potential to promote increase of cross-resistance in clinics

Effects of boric acid on the growth performance and nutritional content of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

*Öz, Mustafa ( Aksaray, Yazar )In this study, boric acid was added to the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed at ratios of 0.00%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20%. The feeding period of this study continued for 90 days. The effect of boric acid on the growth parameters and nutritional composition of rainbow trout were investigated. In this research, effects on live weight gain (LWG), amount of feed intake, feed conversion rate (FCR), protein efficiency rate (PER), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate, economic conversion rate (ECR), and economic profit index (EPI) were evaluated as growth parameters. As for nutritional contents, the total crude protein, lipid, raw ash, and humidity ratios were calculated. Rainbow trout with an initial weight of 92.04 g reached up to 195.05 ± 1.69 g, 202.69 ± 1.94 g, 217.53 ± 2.84 g, 195.25 ± 2.18 g, and 181.20 ± 1.89 g, respectively in the different levels of boric acid at the end of the trial period. The best growth performance was obtained in the group with 0.05% boric acid added, while the lowest growth performance was observed in the group with 0.20% boric acid added. It was concluded based on the results of this study that the amount of boric acid up to 0.05% in the fish feed positively affected the growth parameters and the addition of higher amounts had either no benefit or negative effects on the growth performance of rainbow trout. Furthermore, boric acid in feed affected the nutritional composition of fish meat

Cisplatin ile İndüklenen Kardiyotoksisite Üzerine Curcumin ve Beta Karoten’in KoruyucuEtkileri: Deneysel Sıçan Modeli

Ama&ccedil;: Cisplatin (CDDP), etkili bir antineoplastik ila&ccedil; olarak kullanılmasına rağmen, kardiyotoksik etkiye sahiptir. Curcumin (CMN) ve beta-karoten (BC), biyolojik sistemleri CDDP&rsquo;nin ind&uuml;klediği hasara karşı koruyan antit&uuml;m&ouml;r aktiviteye sahiptir. Bu &ccedil;alışma, sı&ccedil;an kalp dokularında CDDP ile ind&uuml;klenen kardiyotoksisite &uuml;zerine, CMN ve BC&#39;nin olası koruyucu rollerini değerlendirmek i&ccedil;in ger&ccedil;ekleştirildi.Gere&ccedil; ve Y&ouml;ntemler: Toplam 49 yetişkin dişi Wistar albino sı&ccedil;an, eşit olarak aşağıdaki gibi yedi gruba ayrıldı: kontrol (ila&ccedil;sız), susam yağı (1 mg / kg), CDDP (haftada bir kez, iki defa tek doz olarak CDDP enjeksiyon, g&uuml;nde 5 mg/kg), BC (100 mg/kg), CDDP+BC (CDDP enjeksiyonundan 30 dk. &ouml;nce BC ile &ouml;n-muamele), CMN (200 mg/kg) ve CDDP+CMN (CDDP enjeksiyonundan 30 dk. &ouml;nce CMN ile &ouml;n muamele). Bu muameleler, CDDP i&ccedil;in intraperitoneal olarak ve CMN ve BC i&ccedil;in gavaj ile uygulandı. Oksidatif/antioksidan belirte&ccedil;ler, inflamatuar sitokinler ve histopatolojik değişiklikler incelendi.Bugular: Bu değişiklikler, CDDP grubunda diğer gruplar ile karşılaştırıldığında, malondialdehit (MDA) seviyesinde belirgin bir artış, katalaz (CAT) ve s&uuml;peroksit dismutaz (SOD) aktivitelerinde anlamlı azalmalar ve ayrıca t&uuml;m&ouml;r nekroz fakt&ouml;r (TNF)-&alpha;, interl&ouml;kin (IL) -1&beta; ve interl&ouml;kin (IL) -6&#39;da anlamlı bir y&uuml;kselmeyi i&ccedil;ermekte idi. Histopatolojik olarak, CDDP ile ind&uuml;klenen ciddi miyokardiyal dejeneratif değişiklikler g&ouml;zlendi. Ancak, yukarıda belirtilen parametrelerdeki CDDP kaynaklı bozukluklar, BC ve &ouml;zellikle CMN uygulamaları ile anlamlı &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;de d&uuml;zeldi. İstatistiksel analiz SPSS Versiyon 15.0 programı kullanılarak yapıldı.Normal olarak dağıtılmış veriler, tek y&ouml;nl&uuml; varyans analizi (ANOVA) testi ve ardından Tukey post-hoc testi ile analiz edildi. Normal olmayan dağılımlı veriler nonparametrik Kruskal-Wallis H testi ve ardından gruplar arasında Dunn-Bonferroni testi ile karşılaştırıldı. Farklılıklar p &lt;0,05 d&uuml;zeyinde anlamlı kabul edildi.Sonu&ccedil;lar: Bu &ccedil;alışma, sı&ccedil;anlarda CDDP tedavisinin belirgin bir şekilde kardiyotoksisiteye neden olduğunu, ancak CMN veya BC ile yapılan tedavinin bu kardiyotoksisiteyi d&uuml;zelttiğini g&ouml;sterdi. Ayrıca, bu bulgular CDDP kaynaklı kardiyotoksisiteye karşı kalp dokularında CMN ile tedavinin, BC&#39;den daha y&uuml;ksek kardiyoprotektif etkiye sahip olduğu ortaya &ccedil;ıkardı. Kontrol grubundaki hayvanların kardiyak dokularının genel yapısı, &ccedil;oğunlukla tek oval ve merkezi olarak yerleştirilmiş &ccedil;ekirdeklerden oluşan birka&ccedil; miyositi olan d&uuml;zenli olarak d&uuml;zenlenmiş kardiyak miyofiberler olarak ortaya &ccedil;ıkmıştır. Susam yağı grubunun kalp histolojisi kontrol grubuna benzerdi. CDDP uygulamasından sonra kalbin mikroskobik incelemesinde kalp dokusunda sitoplazmik vakuolizasyon, kanama ve interstisyel &ouml;dem g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;. Sadece BC ve CMN ile tedavi edilen gruplarda sitoplazmik vakuolizasyon, hemoraji ve daha orta d&uuml;zeyde &ouml;dem gibi benzer histolojik bulgular g&ouml;zlendi. CDDP + CMN grubunda CDDP+BC ve CDDP grupları ile karşılaştırıldığında normal bir histolojik g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m g&ouml;sterdiği g&ouml;zlendi.Anahtar Kelimeler: beta-karoten, cisplatin, curcumin, kardiyotoksisiteTurObjective:Cisplatin (CDDP) has been known to be an effective antineoplastic drug; however, it has a cardiotoxic effect. Curcumin (CMN) and beta-carotene (BC) have been suggested to protect biological systems against CDDP-induced damage. The current study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective roles of CMN and BC on CDDP-induced cardiotoxicity in rat cardiac tissues.Methods: A total of 49 adult female Wistar albino rats were equally divided into seven groups as follows: control (no medication), sesame oil (1 mg/kg), CDDP (single dose injection two times as once a week, 5 mg/kg/week), BC (100 mg/kg), CDDP+BC (pretreated BC for 30 min before CDDP injection), CMN (200 mg/kg), and CDDP+CMN (pretreated CMN for 30 min before CDDP injection). These treatments were applied intraperitoneally for CDDP and with gavage for CMN and BC. The oxidative/antioxidant indicators, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological alterations were examined.Results: These alterations included a marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, significant decrease in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and significant elevation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&alpha;, interleukin (IL)-1&beta;, interleukin (IL)-6 in the CDDP group compared with the other groups. Histopathologically, CDDP-induced severe myocardial degenerative changes were observed. However, the CDDP-induced disturbances in the above-mentioned parameters significantly improved by treatment with BC and particularly CMN.Conclusion: This study indicated that CDDP treatment markedly caused cardiotoxicity; however, treatment with CMN or BC ameliorated this cardiotoxicity in rats. Furthermore, these findings revealed that treatment with CMN has a higher cardioprotective effect than that with BC against CDDP-induced cardiotoxicity in rat cardiac tissues. (Anatol J Cardiol 2018; 19: 213-21)Keywords: cisplatin, cardiotoxicity, curcumin, beta-carotene, rat heart tissue</p