Yapay Zeka ve Nesnelerin İnternetine Dayalı Otomatik Sulama Sistemi

It is not hard to see that the need for clean water is growing by considering the decrease of the water sources day by day in the world. Potable fresh water is also used for irrigation, so it should be planned to decrease fresh water wastage. With the development of the technology and the availability of cheaper and more effective solutions, the efficiency of the irrigation increased and the water loss can be reduced. In particular, Internet of things (IoT) devices have begun to be used in all areas. We can easily and precisely collect temperature, humidity and mineral values from the irrigation field with the IoT devices and sensors. Most of the operations and decisions about irrigation are carried out by people. For people, it is hard to have all the real time data such as temperature, moisture and mineral levels in the decision-making process and make decisions by considering them. People usually make decisions with their experience. In this study, a wide range of information from irrigation field was obtained by using IoT devices and sensors. Data collected from IoT devices and sensors sent via communication channels and stored on MongoDB.With the help of Weka software, the data was normalized and the normalized data was used as a learning set. As a result of the examinations, decision tree (J48) algorithm with the highest accuracy was chosen and artificial intelligence model was created. Decisions are used to manage operations such as starting, maintaining and stopping the irrigation. The accuracy of the decisions was evaluated and the irrigation system was tested with the results. There are options to manage, view the system remotely and manually and also see the system’s decisions with the created mobile application.Dünyadaki temiz su kaynaklarının günden güne azalması göz önüne alındığında temiz su ihtiyacının arttığını görmek zor değildir. Temiz içme suyu aynı zamanda sulama için de kullanılır bu nedenle temiz su israfı azaltma süreci planlanmalıdır. Teknolojinin gelişmesi, daha ucuz ve daha etkin çözümlerin ortaya çıkması ile birlikte, sulama verimliliği artmakta ve su kaybı azalmaktadır. Özellikle, Nesnelerin İnterneti cihazları (IoT) tüm alanlarda kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. IoT cihazlar ve sensörler ile sulama alanından sıcaklık, nem ve mineral değerlerini kolayca ve hassas bir şekilde toplayabiliriz. Günümüzde sulama ile ilgili işlem ve kararların çoğu insanlar tarafından yürütülmektedir. Karar verme sürecinde sıcaklık, nem ve mineral seviyeleri gibi birçok gerçek zamanlı veriye sahip olmak ve bunları dikkate alarak karar vermek insanlar için zordur. İnsanlar genellikle kendi deneyimleriyle karar alırlar. Bu çalışmada, IoT cihazları ve sensörler kullanılarak sulama alanından geniş bir veri toplanmıştır. IoT cihazlarından ve sensörlerden toplanan veriler, iletişim kanallarından sunucuya aktarılır ve MongoDB üzerinde saklanır. Weka yazılımı yardımı ile normalizasyon işlemleri yapılan veriler öğrenme seti olarak kullanılır. Denemeler sonucunca yüksek başarı oranına sahip karar ağacı (J48) algoritması seçilmiş ve yapay zeka modeli oluşturulmuştur. Kararlar, sulamayı başlatmak, sürdürmek ve durdurmak gibi işlemleri yönetmek için kullanılmıştır. Kararların doğruluğu değerlendirilmiş ve sulama sistemi sonuçlarla test edilmiştir. Oluşturulan mobil uygulama ile sistemi uzaktan ve manuel olarak yönetmek, görüntülemek ve ayrıca sistemin vermiş olduğu kararları görebilmek için seçenekler vardır

Effect of heparin in the intraocular irrigating solution on postoperative inflammation in the pediatric cataract surgery

Yelda B Özkurt, Arzu Taskiran, Nadire Erdogan, Baran Kandemir, Ömer K Dog?anDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyPurpose: To evaluate the influence of irrigation of the anterior chamber with heparin sodium on postoperative inflammation after pediatric cataract surgery. Setting: Kartal Training and Research Hospital, First Eye Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.Design: Randomized prospective double-blind study.Methods: Fourteen consecutive eyes from 14 patients aged 8.9 ± 5.9 years, (range 3–18 years) (group 1) and 19 eyes from 19 patients aged 9.1 ± 5.2 (range 1.5–18 years) (group 2) underwent pediatric cataract surgery. Five patients in group 1 were between three and five years old. One patient was 1.5 years old and six patients in group 2 were between three and five years old. During the procedure, group 1 received anterior chamber irrigation with heparin sodium (5 IU/cc) and 1 ml of heparin sodium (concentration 10 IU/ml) added to the irrigating balanced salt solution (BSS Plus; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) while group 2 received BSS without heparin sodium only. Cases aged under three years received anterior vitrectomy in addition to posterior capsulorrhexis. One eye received anterior vitrectomy in group 1 and two eyes received anterior vitrectomy in group 2. Cases with preoperative complications were not included in the study. Early and late postoperative inflammatory complications, including fibrin formation, anterior and posterior synechia, cyclitic and pupillary membrane formation were recorded and compared.Results: Mild anterior chamber reaction was observed in three patients in Group 1, while nine cases in group 2 experienced marked anterior chamber reaction. In four of nine patients from group 2, anterior chamber reaction was severe and resulted in pupillary membrane and synechia despite treatment in the postoperative 7th day, while in all three cases in group 1, reaction disappeared by the 7th day.Conclusion: Anterior chamber irrigation with heparin during pediatric cataract surgery may minimize early inflammatory reaction and decrease the number of postoperative inflammatory related complications.Keywords: pediatric, cataract, surgery, inflammatio

Spontaneous Splenic Artery Aneurysm Rupture Diagnosed at Autopsy: A Case Report

Sudden death of a person whose current illness is unknown to him and his environment is called “sudden death” and an autopsy is needed to understand the cause of death. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of sudden death. When the splenic artery reaches >1 cm in diameter, it is considered an aneurysm. The majority of splenic artery aneurysms (SAA) are asymptomatic and are usually detected incidentally on radiological imaging or autopsy. Except for splenic infarction and bleeding, fatal complications of rupture have been reported between 2% and 10%. In our study, a case in which the diagnosis of SAA rupture as the cause of death was detected at autopsy is presented. In splenic artery aneurysms, which are usually asymptomatic, complications such as rupture, which may result in high mortality, may develop. As a result, it can be encountered in emergency services with clinical pictures that require rapid intervention or in autopsies as sudden unexpected death cases. For these reasons, we think that incidental diagnoses should be kept in mind in cases requiring urgent intervention for clinicians and in postmortem examinations for forensic science experts

Aktivnost arginaze u ovarijskim strukturama krava švicarske smeđe pasmine i njezinih križanaca.

Arginase is the last enzyme of the urea cycle. It catalyses the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornitine and urea. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of arginase activity in ovarian structures such as: Graaf follicles, GF (Medium and Large size, M- and L-size), Corpus Haemorrhagicum (CH), and various types of Corpus Luteum (CL) such as: cyclic CL (CCL), 2-4 month pregnancy CL (2-4 MCL) and 4-7 month pregnancy CL (4-7 MCL). Ovarian tissues of 62 cows (7-10 years old and Brown Swiss or its cross-breeds), collected from a local slaughterhouse, were used as material. The materials were divided into 6 experimental groups, as follows: MGF group (n = 7), LGF group (n = 21), CH group (n = 7), CCL group (n = 6), 2-4 MCL group (n = 9) and 4-7 MCL group (n = 12). Arginase activities were measured as 0.056 ± 0.017, 0.100 ± 0.016, 2.517 ± 0.521, 0.827 ± 0.190, 0.674 ± 0.106 and 0.833 ± 0.093 U/mg protein in all groups, respectively. Arginase activity in the CH group was significantly higher than that in the CCL, 2-4 MCL and 4-7 MCL groups (P<0.001). The lowest enzyme activity was in the MGF and LGF groups. Hence, it was concluded that the arginase enzyme might play a crucial role in cell division, proliferation and differentiation in the ovarian tissues (especially the CH) of mature cows.Arginaza je posljednji enzim u ciklusu ureje koji katalizira hidrolizu L-arginina u L-ornitin i ureju. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prisutnost aktivnosti arginaze u ovarijskim strukturama kao što su Graafovi folikuli, GF (srednje veliki - M i veliki - L), corpus haemorrhagicum (CH) i različiti tipovi corpus luteum (CL) kao što su ciklični (CCL), 2-4 mjeseca graviditetni (2-4 MCL) i 4-7 mjeseci graviditetni (4-7 MCL). Tkiva ovarija od 62 krave (švicarske smeđe pasmine i križanaca u dobi od 7 do 10 godina) prikupljena su u lokalnoj klaonici. Materijali su bili podijeljeni u 6 pokusnih skupina kako slijedi: MGF skupina (n = 7), LGF skupina (n = 21), CH skupina (n = 7), CCL skupina (n = 6), 2-4 MCL skupina (n = 9) i 4-7 MCL skupina (n = 12). Slijedom navedenih skupina, aktivnost arginaze bila je 0,056 ± 0,017, 0,100 ± 0,016, 2,517 ± 0,521, 0,827 ± 0,190, 0,674 ± 0,106 i 0,833 ± 0,093 U/mg. Aktivnost arginaze u CH skupini bila je signifikantno viša u odnosu na skupine CCL, 2-4 MCL i 4-7 MCL (P<0,001). Najniža aktivnost enzima bila je u skupinama MGF i LGF. Zaključeno je o mogućoj ključnoj ulozi aktivnosti enzima arginaze u diobi stanica, proliferaciji i diferencijaciji ovarijskih tkiva (osobito CH) kod odraslih krava

The correlation between birth weight and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), kisspeptin-1 (KISS-1), and three-dimensional fetal volume

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between birth weight, and maternal serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and kisspeptin-1 (KISS-1) levels, and first-trimester fetal volume (FV) based on three-dimensional ultrasonography. Materials and methods: The study included 142 pregnant women at gestational week 11 degrees-13(6). All fetuses were imaged ultrasonographically by the same physician. Maternal blood samples were collected at the time of ultrasonographic evaluation and analyzed for IGFBP-1 and KISS-1 levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Maternal and neonatal weights were recorded at birth. Birth weight 90th percentiles was defined as small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA), respectively. Results: Median crown-rump length (CRL), FV, and maternal serum IGFBP-1 and KISS-1 levels were 58.2 mm (35.3-79.2 mm), 16.3 cm(3) (3.8-34.4 cm(3)), 68.1 ng mL(-1) (3.8-377.9 mL(-1)), and 99.7 ng L-1 (42.1-965.3 ng L-1), respectively. First-trimester IGFBP-1 levels were significantly lower in the mothers with LGA neonates (p .05). The maternal IGFBP-1 level during the first trimester was a significant independent factor for SGA and LGA neonates (Odds ratio (OR): 0.011, 95%CI: 1.005-1.018, p < .001; and OR: 1.297, 95%CI: 1.074-1.566, p = .007, respectively). There was no significant relationship between SGA or LGA, and CRL, FV, or the KISS-1 level. Conclusions: As compared to the maternal KISS-1 level, the maternal IGFBP-1 level during the first trimester might be a better biomarker of fetal growth. Additional larger scale studies are needed to further delineate the utility of IGFBP-1 as a marker of abnormal birth weight

Dokuz Tip Mizaç Ölçeği Ergen (DTMÖ-E) Formunun Geçerlik- Güvenirliği ve Ergenlerde Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu İle Mizaç Tipleri Arasındaki İlişki

The purpose of this study is developing adolescent form (11-16 years old) of Nine Types Temperament Scale (NTTS) depending on Nine Types Temperament Model (Study 1) and evaluating and searching the relationship between Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Types of NTTM (Study 2). Sample of Study I consist of 1240 students who are between 11 and 16 years old. Pilot form of the Scale which consists of 90 items is tested with confirmatory factor analysis and with convergent and discriminant validity and the last version of the measure which consist of 82 items is prepared. Basic Personality Traits Inventory (BPTI) which depends on Fife Factor Model is used for Criterion-related validation. Results show that NTTS-A is valid and reliable measure for evaluating temperament types between 11-16 years adolescents. Their fit index is calculated as χ2 /df &lt;3; SRMR, 0.06; RMSEA, 0.045; CFI, 0.909: TLI, 0901 supported to validity data. Sample of Study II consist of 56 adolescents who are diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV diagnosis criteria and 56 students who does not get diagnosed with ADHD or mental retardation/medical disorder. Temperament types of participants are evaluated by the agency of Study-I and NTTS-A, which is developed appropriate for Turkish culture. Indication of the study shows that there are more NTT7 and NTT8 in NTTM types between adolescents with ADHD than the group, who are not diagnosed with ADHD. As a result, it is discussed that traits which belong to some temperament types could have a predisposing effect on emergence of ADHD, experiencing these traits extreme severely could cause a view similar to ADHD and ADHD which is a neurodevelopmental disease could interact with temperament traits of person, in that way it could illustrate ADHD clinic. Available findings support critics about that students are labelled as ADHD specially in the last years in education environment even if they have mostly not developmental problems and students are diagnosed easily with limited observations. However, it is asserted that diagnosis based on temperament, treatment and psychosocial support programmes could be formed and effects of ADHD, which is a factor interacting with temperament traits, on personality structure of adolescents on their development process, could be predicted. Our study has the feature of being the first measure developing study which is intended to evaluate temperament types of adolescents between 11-16 years old and also it is has the feature of being the first study which searches relationship between NTTM types and ADHD.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Dokuz Tip Mizaç Modeli (DTMM)’ne dayalı olarak erişkinler için geliştirilen Dokuz Tip Mizaç Ölçeğinin (DTMÖ) 11-16 yaş arası ergen formunu (DTMÖ-E) geliştirmek (Çalışma I) ve DTMM tipleri ile Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve değerlendirmektir (Çalışma II). Çalışma I’in örneklemi 11-16 yaş aralığındaki 1240 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. 90 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin pilot formu doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, yakınsak ve ayırma (diskriminant) geçerliği ile test edilmiş ve ölçeğin 82 maddelik son hali hazırlanmıştır. Ölçüt geçerliği için ise Beş Faktör Modeli’ne dayanan Temel Kişilik Özellikleri Envanteri (TKÖE) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, DTMÖ-E’nin 11-16 yaş arası ergenlerin mizaç tiplerini değerlendirmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu göstermektedir. Uyum indeksleri χ2 /df &lt;3; SRMR, 0.06; RMSEA, 0.045; CFI, 0.909: TLI, 0901 olarak geçerlik verilerini destekler nitelikte hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma II’nin örneklemi ise DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre DEHB tanısı almış 56 ergen ve mental retardasyon / tıbbi rahatsızlık ve DEHB tanısı bulunmayan 56 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların mizaç tipleri, Çalışma-I ile Türk kültürüne uygun olarak geliştirilen DTMÖ-E aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, DEHB’li ergenler arasında DTMM tiplerinden DTM7 ve DTM8’in DEHB tanısı almayan gruba göre daha fazla bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bazı mizaç tiplerine ait özelliklerin DEHB ortaya çıkmasına yatkınlaştırıcı etkisinin olabileceği, bu özelliklerin aşırı şiddette yaşanmasının DEHB benzeri bir görünüm ortaya çıkarabileceği ve nörogelişimsel bir hastalık olan DEHB’in kişinin mizaç özellikleri ile etkileşerek DEHB kliniğini sergileyebileceği tartışılmıştır. Mevcut bulgular, eğitim çevrelerinde öğrencilerin özellikle son yıllarda sıklıkla gelişimsel bir sorun olmadığı halde DEHB olarak etiketlenmesi ve sınırlı gözlemlerle kolay tanı konmasıyla ilgili eleştirileri destekleyebilecek niteliktedir. Bunun yanı sıra DTMM’nin yaklaşımı sayesinde mizaç temelli tanı, tedavi ve psikososyal destek programlarının oluşturulabileceği ve mizaç özellikleriyle etkileşen bir faktör olarak DEHB’in ergenlerin gelişim süreçlerinde kişilik yapısına nasıl bir etkide bulunacağının öngörülebileceği öne sürülmektedir. Çalışmamız, Türkiye’de 11-16 yaş arasındaki ergenlerin mizaç tiplerini değerlendirmeye yönelik ilk ölçek geliştirme çalışması olmanın yanı sıra, DTMM tipleri ile DEHB arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen ilk çalışma olma özelliğindedir

JET EĞİTİM UÇAĞI ÖN GÖVDESİNİN CEVAP YÜZEY YÖNTEMİ VE GENETİK ALGORİTMA İLE ENİYİLENMESİ

The aerodynamic design of an aircraft's forebody geometry has a significant impact on its performance and stability. Although most studies on aircraft performance have focused on optimizing wing-like structures, the contribution of an effective forebody design to aircraft performance could be as significant as that of wing-like structures. A well-designed forebody can reduce the wave drag and improve the directional characteristics at high angles of attack. The forebody optimization of a jet trainer aircraft in terms of supersonic cruise performance and directional stability is investigated in this thesis. While doing so, two objectives are considered: the wave drag and directional stability. The response surface methodology is used to generate the aerodynamic database, and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm–II is used to search for Pareto-optimal solutions. The open-software flow solver SU2 is used to obtain turbulent flow solutions. It is shown that the optimization study enhances the aircraft's performance in terms of wave drag up to 2% and directional stability up to 30%.Aerodinamik ön gövde tasarımı, hava aracı performansı ve kararlılığı açısından önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Şu ana kadar hava aracı performansı üzerine yapılan çalışmalar genellikle kanat-benzeri yapıların eniyileştirilmesi üzerine olmasına rağmen, verimli bir ön gövde tasarımının hava aracı performansına katkısı, kanat- benzeri yapıların tasarımından gelen katkı kadar etkili olabilir. İyi tasarlanmış bir ön gövde, dalga sürüklemesini azaltabilir ve yüksek hücum açılarında yanal kararlılığın iyileştirilmesini sağlayabilir. Bu tezde, bir jet eğitim uçağının ön gövde en iyileştirmesi incelenmiştir. Çalışma gerçekleştirilirken, iki adet amaç fonksiyonu dikkate alınmıştır: dalga sürüklemesi ve yönel kararlılık. Türbülanslı akış çözümleri, açık-yazılım akış çözücüsü olan SU2 ile elde edilmiştir. Cevap yüzey yöntemi, aerodinamik veri tabanı oluşturmak için kullanılmış ve Pareto-optimal çözümler ise baskın olmayan sıralama genetik algoritması-II ile elde edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen en iyileştirme çalışması, hava aracını dalga sürüklemesi ve yönel kararlılık bakımından iyileştirmektedir.Yapılan eniyileştirme çalışması sonucunda hava aracının performansında dalga sürüklemesi açısından %2’ye, yönel kararlılık açısından %30’a varan iyileştirme gözlemlenmiştirM.S. - Master of Scienc

Solunumsal Patojen Virusların Ifat Ve Multiplex Pcr Yöntemleri İle Tanısı

Accurate detection of respiratory viruses is important to guide antiviral therapy, prevent nosocomial spread, provide surveillance and in some cases, decrease hospital costs and lengths of stay. By using standard laboratory methods, such as staining with fluorescent antibodies (FAT) and isolation by culture, viruses have been detected in 13 to 45 % of children with symptoms of respiratory illness. In this study; two diagnostic methods used for respiratory viruses have shown acute respiratory tract infection symptoms in childrens. Detection of IgM antibodies from blood by fluorescent-antibody (FATEuroimmun GmbH Germany) and Multiplex RT PCR assays (Hexaplex Plus, Prodesse Inc. USA) for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus type A (FluA), influenza virus type B (FluB), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), human metapneumovirus (MPV) and adenovirus (AdV) from nasopharyngeal samples. A multiplex quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (RT-PCR) was developed and used to rapidly detect and quantitative RNA of seven viruses in nasopharyngeal specimens in a single test. Primers and probes originated from highly conserved regions of each viral genome. Six and a half primer pairs were mixed for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of RNA from seven different respiratory viruses. This was carried out in 46 nasopharyngeal and bloods specimens from children with respiratory illnesses collected over a 1-year period. The median age of the patients from whom the specimens were collected was 16.4 ± 4.5 months (range 2 months to 13 years); Fifty-two percent of samples were from male patients, and 48 % were from female patients. Of these 46 blood specimens, 13 (28.3 %) were positive by FAT (2 for RSV, 9 for FluA-H1N1, H3N2, 8 for FluB, 3 for PIV3). Of these 46 nasopharyngeal specimens, 8 (17.4 %) were positive by Multiplex PCR (1 for RSV, 8 for FluA, 1 for FluB, 3 for PIV3, 5 for MPV, and 1 for both FluA and 5 for hMPV, AdV absent in Hexaplex Plus). The number of specimens positive only by PCR among specimens positive by PCR and/or FAT was 1 (50.0 %) of 2 for RSV, 8 (88.9 %) of 9 for FluA, 3 (100 %) of 3 for PIV3 (P < 0.001). Use of both Multiplex PCR and FAT to identify viral respiratory pathogens in children will lead to improved diagnosis of respiratory illness

Solunumsal Patojen Virusların Ifat Ve Multiplex Pcr Yöntemleri İle Tanısı

Accurate detection of respiratory viruses is important to guide antiviral therapy, prevent nosocomial spread, provide surveillance and in some cases, decrease hospital costs and lengths of stay. By using standard laboratory methods, such as staining with fluorescent antibodies (FAT) and isolation by culture, viruses have been detected in 13 to 45 % of children with symptoms of respiratory illness. In this study; two diagnostic methods used for respiratory viruses have shown acute respiratory tract infection symptoms in childrens. Detection of IgM antibodies from blood by fluorescent-antibody (FATEuroimmun GmbH Germany) and Multiplex RT PCR assays (Hexaplex Plus, Prodesse Inc. USA) for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus type A (FluA), influenza virus type B (FluB), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), human metapneumovirus (MPV) and adenovirus (AdV) from nasopharyngeal samples. A multiplex quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (RT-PCR) was developed and used to rapidly detect and quantitative RNA of seven viruses in nasopharyngeal specimens in a single test. Primers and probes originated from highly conserved regions of each viral genome. Six and a half primer pairs were mixed for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of RNA from seven different respiratory viruses. This was carried out in 46 nasopharyngeal and bloods specimens from children with respiratory illnesses collected over a 1-year period. The median age of the patients from whom the specimens were collected was 16.4 ± 4.5 months (range 2 months to 13 years); Fifty-two percent of samples were from male patients, and 48 % were from female patients. Of these 46 blood specimens, 13 (28.3 %) were positive by FAT (2 for RSV, 9 for FluA-H1N1, H3N2, 8 for FluB, 3 for PIV3). Of these 46 nasopharyngeal specimens, 8 (17.4 %) were positive by Multiplex PCR (1 for RSV, 8 for FluA, 1 for FluB, 3 for PIV3, 5 for MPV, and 1 for both FluA and 5 for hMPV, AdV absent in Hexaplex Plus). The number of specimens positive only by PCR among specimens positive by PCR and/or FAT was 1 (50.0 %) of 2 for RSV, 8 (88.9 %) of 9 for FluA, 3 (100 %) of 3 for PIV3 (P < 0.001). Use of both Multiplex PCR and FAT to identify viral respiratory pathogens in children will lead to improved diagnosis of respiratory illness