Current Therapeutic Approaches for Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is classically defined as a high-grade spindle-shaped neoplasm with malignant cells that produce osteoid. It is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. It is <1% of all cancers diagnosed, approximately 3.4% of all childhood cancers. The age-adjusted incidence of osteosarcoma is bimodal, with an initial peak in adolescence and then a second peak in patients over 60 years of age. Osteosarcoma is divided into two main groups. In most of the osteosarcomas, the etiological agent cannot be determined and it is called primary osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma, which develops due to etiologies such as Paget’s disease, radiotherapy or osteonecrosis, is called seconder osteosarcoma. Osteosarcomas are most commonly located in the appendicular skeleton. The most common settlement here is the knee circumference. The distal femur and proximal tibia are the most common locations in the knee. A multidisciplinary approach is indicated in the management of osteosarcoma. The treatment is multimodal, including systemic chemotherapy and local therapy. In this section, we will outline the current standard of care for the systemic and surgical approach to osteosarcoma treatment, as well as an overview of current studies

Comparative Evaluation of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Parameters in Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the AgNOR parameters for the discrimination of benign from malignant breast tumors via a new approach -the total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TAA/NA). Material and methods. Three groups, consisting of control (n = 14), benign (n = 18) and malignant (n = 28) participants were included in the study. The AgNOR staining technique was performed and both mean AgNOR number and TAA/NA ratio were evaluated.Results. While the differences between the control and patient groups were statistically significant for AgNOR number (p 0.05). For the ratio of TAA/NA, the differences between the control and benign group (p < 0.001), control and malignant group (p < 0.001), and malignant and benign patient groups were significant. (p < 0.05).Conclusion. We consider that the evaluation of the TAA/NA rate, when compared with the AgNOR number, can be more sensitive and useful tool for distinguishing benign from the malignant breast lesions

An easy and practical prognostic parameter: tumor-stroma ratio in Luminal, Her2, and triple-negative breast cancers

OBJECTIVE: The stroma surrounding the tumor cells is important in tumor progression and treatment resistance, besides the properties of tumor cells. Studies on the tumor stroma characteristics will contribute to the knowledge for new treatment approaches. METHODS: A total of 363 breast cancer patients were evaluated for the tumor-stroma ratio. The percentage of stroma was visually assessed on hematoxylin-eosin stained slides. The cases of tumor-stroma ratio more than 50% were categorized as tumor-stroma ratio high, and those less than 50% and below were categorized as tumor-stroma ratio low. RESULTS: Tumor-stroma ratio-high tumors had shorter overall survival (p=0.002). Disease-free survival tended to be shorter in tumor-stroma ratiohigh tumors (p=0.082) compared with tumor-stroma ratio-low tumors. Tumor-stroma ratio was an independent prognostic parameter for the total group of patients (p=0.003) and also axillary lymph node metastasis and tumor-stroma ratio was statistically associated (p=0.004). Also, tumor- stroma ratio was an independent prognostic parameter in node-positive Luminal A and B subgroups for overall survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Tumor-stroma ratio is an independent prognostic parameter that can be evaluated quite easily in all molecular subtypes of all breast cancers and does not require extra cost and time to evaluate

Bulgar ve Türk arpa çeşit ve hatlarının Güneydoğu Bulgaristan koşullarındaki verimlilik potansiyelleri

The study was conducted in 2006-2009 in the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture, Karnobat. The aim was to identify the productive capacity of the feed barley varieties and advanced lines. The results show that promising winter feed barley lines with the highest yields were CRF 47, CRF 292 and CRF 146в.The study was conducted in 2006-2009 in the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture, Karnobat. The aim was to identify the productive capacity of the feed barley varieties and advanced lines. The results show that promising winter feed barley lines with the highest yields were CRF 47, CRF 292 and CRF 146в.Yemlik arpa çeşit ve hatlarının verimlilik kapasitelerinin tanımlanması amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma 2006-2009 yılları arasındaki 3 yıllık periyotta Karbonat’daki Tarım Enstitüsü’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar hüksek verime sahip kışlık yemlik arpa soylarının CRF 47, CRF 292 and CRF 146в olduklarını göstermiştirYemlik arpa çeşit ve hatlarının verimlilik kapasitelerinin tanımlanması amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma 2006-2009 yılları arasındaki 3 yıllık periyotta Karbonat’daki Tarım Enstitüsü’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar hüksek verime sahip kışlık yemlik arpa soylarının CRF 47, CRF 292 and CRF 146в olduklarını göstermişti

Prospective observational study on antibiotic-associated bloody diarrhea: report of 21 cases with a long-term follow-up from Turkey

WOS: 000303826200012PubMed ID: 22433794Objective Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis is a distinct form of antibiotic-associated bloody diarrhea (AABD) in which Clostridium difficile is absent. Although the cause is not exactly known, reports have suggested the role of Klebsiella oxytoca and/or C. difficile. Materials and Methods Between 2001 and 2006, stool samples of 21 consecutive patients with AABD were cultured for common enteric pathogens and K. oxytoca, and were tested for the presence of parasites and C. difficile toxin A + B within the first 24 h of their initial admission and a colonoscopy was performed when available. The patients were followed up prospectively by telephone interviews. Results The occurrence of symptoms ranged between 6 h and 14 days following the first dose of the antibiotic responsible and the duration of the AABD ranged between 6 h and 21 days. The antibiotic responsible was oral ampicillin/sulbactam in 18 (85%) cases. C. difficile toxin A + B production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and K. oxytoca growth in stool cultures were detected in six (29%) and 11 (51%) of 21 patients, respectively. Endoscopic morphology and histology in a limited number of patients revealed no more than a nonspecific inflammation and acute colitis, respectively. Conclusion This study confirms that antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis, as a distinct entity in relation to K. oxytoca, is seen in half of the patients with AABD. Most of the cases are seen within a week following the antibiotic use. Almost all of the patients did not develop any flares during the long-term antibiotic-free follow-up. In some of the patients with AABD, there was coexistence of K. oxytoca with C. difficile toxin A + B. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24: 688-69

Bulgar ve Türk kışlık arpa çeşit ve hatlarının abiyotik stres koşullarında sürdürülebilirliği

Cold resistance, drought resistance and water and temperature regime of 43 Bulgarian and Turkish winter barley varieties and lines were determined in field and laboratory conditions during the period 2005-2009. 50% of the study material was found to have a good and high resistance to cold. The highest coefficient of drought resistance was found in 9 of the studied lines. Among the tested winter barley varieties and lines those with high and medium cold resistance were found to dominate the study group. The highest biological drought tolerance are Bulgarian lines DRF 206-2 and DRT 279-2 and the Turkish lines AVD-24 and MB-A 51. These lines may be included in the breeding program to create varieties with high resistance to cold and drought resistance.2005-2009 arası dönemde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada 43 Bulgaristan ve Türkiye kışlık arpa çeşit ve hatlarının soğuk toleransı, kuraklık toleransı ve su ve sıcaklık rejimleri arazi ve laboratuar ortamında belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan materyalin %50’sinin soğuğa karşı yüksek dirence sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. E yüksek kuraklık direnci katsayısı çalışılan arpa hatlarının 9 tanesinde belirlenmiştir. Test edilen kışlık arpa varyeve ve hatları arasında yüksek ve orta derecede soğuk direncine sahip olanların çalışılan grup içinde baskın oldukları belirlenmiştir. En yüksek biyolojik kuraklık toleransı olan hatların Bulgaristan hatları olan DRF 206-2 ve DRT 279-2 ile Türkiye hatları olan AVD-24 ve MB-A 51 olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu hatların, soğuğa karşı yüksek direnç ve kuraklık toleransına sahip çeşitlerin elde edileceği üretim programlarına dahil edilebilecek hatlar oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır

Primary Patency Rates of Endovascular Interventions in Hemodialysis Patients with Central Venous Stenosis and Occlusions

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the primary patency rate of endovascular interventions in hemodialysis patients who had central venous stenosis or occlusion. Material and Methods: Twenty-seven hemodialysis patients, who underwent endovascular intervention between January 2013 and January 2018 for central venous stenosis or total obstruction, were included in the study. Endovascular interventions consisted of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or stent implantation. Primary patency rate of endovascular intervention at the sixth and twelfth months were evaluated. Results: Stent implantation and PTA were used in 5 patients and 22 patients, respectively. 14 patients had stenosis and 13 patients had occlusion. The total procedural success rate was 81%, 86% in stenosis and 77% in occlusion. There was no procedure-related complication. The primary patency for PTA at 6 and 12 months were 40% and 10%, respectively. For stent implantation, primary patency rate at 6 and 12 months was 70% and 30%, respectively. Conclusion: Endovascular interventions for central venous stenosis and occlusion are safe, with low rates of technical failure and they can be first-line treatment for central venous stenosis or occlusion in hemodialysis patients

İnfektif endokarditin epidemiyolojik, klinik ve prognostik sonuçları: 90 atağın retrospektif kohortu

To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and echocardiographic features, as well as the prognosis and long- term outcome of patients with infective endocarditis. Methods: The clinical records and follow-up data of 90 endocarditis episodes in 86 patients diagnosed with definite and possible infec- tive endocarditis according to the modified Duke criteria in a tertiary university hospital, between 1998 and 2016, were reviewed. Results: Fifty-six patients were male (65.1%), and the mean age was 49.9 ± 14.3. Native valve endocarditis constituted 62.2% of the cases, while the remaining patients had prosthetic valve endocarditis. The aortic (34.4%) and mitral (24.4%) valves were infected more frequently. Streptococci (27.7%) and staphylococci (24.4%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. Embolic complications (35.5%) were the leading cause of morbidity, followed by valve insufficiency (28.8%) and heart failure (21.1%). Valve replacement surgery was performed in 28 patients (31%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 15.1% (n = 13). Chronic renal failure (P = .042) and degenerative valves (P = .036) were significantly associated with mortality. Among 43 of the 73 cases available for telephonic survey, 36 (83.7%) patients were alive and without disease, with a median follow-up of 52.9 (4-163) months. Twenty-five (69.4%) of these patients were younger than 55 years, and 24 (66.6%) had native valve endocarditis. Conclusion: Underlying cardiac conditions and chronic renal failure increase mortality in infective endocarditis, regardless of the patho- gen. Long-term survival seems promising in cases with native valve endocarditis and in younger patients with low rates of comorbidities.İnfektif endokardit tanısıyla izlenen hastaların epidemiyolojik, klinik, mikrobiyolojik, ekokardiyografik özellikleri, prognozu ve uzun dönem sonuçlarını değerlendirmek. Yöntemler: 1998 ve 2016 yılları arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde modifiye Duke kriterlerine göre kesin ve olası infektif endokardit tanısı konan 86 hastanın 90 endokardit atağının klinik kayıtları ve takip verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda hastaların 56’sı (%65,1) erkek ve ortalama yaş 49,9 ± 14,3 idi. Doğal kapak endokarditi olguların %62,2’sini oluştururken, diğerlerinde protez kapak mevcuttu. En sık aort (%34,4) ve mitral (% 24,4) kapak tutulumu saptandı. Etken olarak strep- tokoklar (%27,7) ve stafilokoklar (%24,4) en sık izole edilen mikroorganizmalardı. Tüm komplikasyonlar içinde embolik komplikasyonlar (%35,5) ilk sırada yer almış, bunu kapak yetmezlikleri (%28,8) ve kalp yetmezliği (%21,1) izlemiştir. Hastaların 28’ine (%31) kapak replasman operasyonu yapılmış ve tüm hastalar içinde 13 hasta (%15,1) hastane takibinde kaybedilmiştir. Mortalite kronik böbrek yetmezliği (P = ,042) ve dejeneratif kapak hastalarında (P = ,036) istatistiksel olarak daha anlamlı bulundu. Taburculuk sonrası prognoz ve uzun dönem sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde sağ kalan 73 hastanın 43’üne ulaşılabilmiş ve bu hastalardan 36’sının (%83,7) ortalama 52,9 ay (4-163) hayatta ve genel durumlarının iyi olduğu, 25 hastanın (%69,4) <55 yaş, 24’ünün (%66,6) doğal kapak endokarditi tanısıyla izlenmiş olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: İnfektif endokardit hastalarında altta yatan kalp hastalıkları ve kronik böbrek yetmezliği patojenden bağımsız olarak mortalit- eyi arttırmaktadır. Doğal kapak endokarditi ve komorbiditeleri daha az olan genç yaş hastalarda ise uzun dönem sağkalım umut verici görünmektedir