Evaluate the correlations of maternal systemic ınflammatory markers such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with gestation age

Objective: In this study, we aim to study the correlation between the maternal systemic inflammatory markers such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) including complete blood count (CBC) variables with gestation age, at the labor of our patients.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed with 1127 patients and their infants. We used the maternal CBC variables analyzed within the last day before active labor. We analyzed the statistical differences between the NLR, PLR, and other CBC variables in terms of gestational age.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the gestational age with NLR and PLR values, (P = 0.414 and P = 0.341, respectively). When we compare the NLR and PLR values in normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD) group, no statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.250; P = 0.995, respectively). In correlation analyses, no statistically significant correlation was detected between NLR and PLR with a birth weight of the infant and gestational age (P = 0.132 and P = 0.344, respectively). A linear, negative, weak correlation, and statistically significant correlation was detected between white blood cell count (WBC) with the infant’s birth weight and gestational week (P < 0.01 and P = 0.024, respectively).Conclusions: Inflammation plays an important role especially at the beginning of the labor. In our study, we showed no correlation of the NLR and PLR with a gestational week or infant’s birth weight at labor. Also, in our research, the NLR and PLR values did not differ statistically among the four groups in terms of the gestational age of delivery with the highest values in the preterm birth (<37 weeks) groups (P = 0.414, P = 0.341, retrospectively). Key words: Gestation week; inflammation; neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; platelet to lymphocyte ratio

Chapter 7 Municipal control as incumbency advantage

This chapter explores whether and how the incumbent party in Turkey benefits electorally from its partisan ties at the sub-national level. This is an especially important question given the dominance of the nationally ruling party, Justice and Development Party, in Turkish electoral politics and growing concerns about the fairness of elections due to the Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) incumbency advantage. The chapter investigates under what conditions and how national incumbent parties benefit electorally from their partisan ties with sub-national governments. It discusses the prevalence of patronage and clientelism referred to by many scholars, who have tried to understand the mechanisms of patron–client relationships in Turkey and their consequences for the party system, the representation of citizen interests, governability and democratic accountability. The chapter provides information about Turkish local governments and their budgetary opportunities, before discussing the possibilities for political manipulation that arise from intergovernmental fiscal ties. It argues that increased municipality healthcare spending brings votes for the AKP nationally

Özdüzenleyici Öğrenmeye Sosyokültürel Bir Bakış Açısı

Self-regulated learning (SRL) involves students’ active and goal-directed control over their behavior, motivation, and cognition in their academic learning. Among the theories of learning, sociocultural perspective provides a unique understanding of SRL by its emphasis on the role of social environment and the mediational means in the development of SRL. The main purpose of this article is to examine SRL from a sociocultural perspective. The first section includes an overview of sociocultural perspective. Next, SRL is described with a discussion of the concept of shared and mediated agency, the social origins of SRL, and the role of mediational means in the development of SRL. The final section is devoted to the conclusion with suggestions for implications.Özdüzenleyici öğrenme, öğrencilerin akademik öğrenme faaliyetleri sırasında davranışlarını, motivasyonlarını ve bilişlerini etkin ve hedefe yönelik biçimde kontrol etmelerini içerir. Öğrenme teorileri arasında sosyokültürel yaklaşım, özdüzenleyici öğrenmenin gelişiminde sosyal çevrenin ve yardımcı araçların rolüne yaptığı vurgu ile bu kavramın anlaşılmasında farklı bir bakış açısı sağlar. Bu makalenin temel amacı, sosyokültürel açıdan öz-düzenleyici öğrenmeyi incelemektir. Bu amaçla, ilk bölümde sosyokültürel bakış açısı hakkında genel bilgi verilmiştir. Sonra, bu bakış açısına göre özdüzenleyici öğrenme tanımlanmıştır. Bu bölümde bireylerin karar verme ve bu kararları uygulama yetisinin paylaşımlı ve aracılı gerçekleşmesi, özdüzenleyici öğrenmenin sosyal kökleri ve gelişiminde yardımcı araçların rolü tartışılmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde ise uygulamaya yönelik öneriler yer almaktadır.      

Testing strategies for k-out-of-n systems precedence constraints

This thesis investigates diagnosis strategies for k-out-of-n systems under the general type precedence constraints. Given the testing costs and the prior working probabilities, the problem is to devise strategies that minimizes the total expected cost of finding the correct state of the system. The true state of the system is determined by sequential inspection of these n components. We try to find good strategies for the problem under general type precedence constraints by adapting an optimal algorithm that works when there are no precedence constraints. We refer to this algorithm Intersection-Precedence and represent the strategy that we obtain efficiently by a Block-Walking Diagram structure. Since no computational results are reported in the literature for this particular problem, in order to benchmark the performance of the Intersection-Precedence algorithm, we develop Tabu Search and Simulated Annealing algorithms that find permutation strategies.We conduct an extensive computational study to compare the results obtained by the alternative algorithms and we observe that Intersection- Precedence algorithm, in general, outperforms the other algorithms

Political determinants of sub-national social spending: a statistical analysis of metropolitan municipality budgets in Turkey

The main question of this thesis is whether incumbency affiliation and political competition have an effect on social spending decisions of the local governments in Turkey, especially through strategic allocation of sub-national resources. The findings provide partial support for strategic fiscal choices of social spending at the local level, especially for metropolitan municipalities that hold partisan ties with national incumbents. While mayors that have partisan ties with national incumbents tend to increase spending on social assistance services in their stronghold provinces, they tend to spend more on health services in face of political competition. Moreover, electoral analysis examines the effect of particularistic social spending decisions on the vote share of political parties at the elections. The spending on health services as well as spending on social assistance increases the vote shares of political parties that hold mayors' position at the national elections

Reactions of anthocyanin rich in maize genotypes to low temperature treatments according to photosynthesis, gas exchange properties, and bio-active compounds

Low temperatures during the early growing stages limit the productivity of maize considerably. Investigating responses of different coloured corns (Zea mays L.) to chilling may reveal alternative genotypes which can be preferred under early sowing conditions of water-shortage farming areas. The aim of this study is determining whether the color factor affects the tolerance to chilling in maize and which properties are effective on the low temperature tolerance. We exposed corns with different colours (white, yellow, red, purple) to different temperatures [8°C, 12°C, 16°C, 25°C (control)] and analysed the effects of temperature on morphological, physiological, bio-active properties and stress indicators. Using 14-day old seedlings, we noted that purple corn had the highest seedling length, seedling weight, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll B and total phenolic content in the 8°C and followed by white (photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll A and carotenoids), yellow (transpiration rate, sub stomatal CO2, and total antioxidant activity) and red corns (water use efficiency, total anthocyanin content and proline). On the other hand, white corn maintained its superiority in other treatments, receiving the highest values in 9 of 17 characteristics at 12°C, in 8 of 17 at 16°C and in 10 of 17 in the control. Performance of purple corn in the 8°C was the most remarkable one in all genotypes and treatments. Based on our results, it has been concluded that white and purple corns are more chilling tolerant genotypes and may be alternative for early sowing conditions in drought farming areas

Urban Public Streets in the Collective Memory: A Case Study Of Uray Street In Mersin

Streets are public spaces that constitute the transportation network of cities, not only as a means of transportation, but also in the spaces they host, which have an important place in the daily life of individuals. It is affected by the social, social and economic transformations and changes we live in, in public spaces, which are an important part of cities, as well as cities. This situation causes the continuity of the urban memory to weaken and even to disappear over time. Collective memory, which has a strong connection with the physical structure of cities and the formation of their identity, is the reading of the signs and symbolic meanings of the physical environment in the cognitive structure of society with social, historical and psychological components. Cities, which are rapidly changing and transforming with new technological and economic advances, are gradually moving away from their own past and losing their identities. With its 'modern' spaces, which are standardized in terms of living spaces and, more accurately, monotonous, the city also destroys and weakens the bond it establishes with its inhabitants. This situation causes the city to lose its memory. This study investigates the changing and transforming position of Uray Street, which has been an important street since the first establishment of Mersin, a port city in the south of Turkey, in the city's memory. For this purpose, in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with individuals in different age groups using Uray Street. The memories of Uray street were questioned by interviewing the users of long-term memory places in the area, and the changes that took place in the Uray street were questioned from the eyes of the owners of these places. The obtained memory data were evaluated and the changes were tried to be determine

Sosyal bilgiler dersi ile bütünleştirilmiş toplumsal cinsiyet temelli etkinliklerin toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı meslek seçimine yönelik tutumlara etkisi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu araştırmada sosyal bilgiler dersinde uygulanan toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı meslek seçimlerine yönelik tutumlarına etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine dayalı etkinliklerin uygulandığı deney grubu ile toplumsal cinsiyet etkinliklerinin uygulanmadığı kontrol grubunun toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı meslek seçimlerine yönelik tutumları arasındaki farkı ortaya koymak amacıyla "statik, ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel deneysel desen" kullanılmıştır Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar dönemi Kocaeli İli Körfez ilçesindeki bir ilkokulda öğrenim görmekte olan 4. sınıf öğrencileri ile oluşturmuştur. Tesadüfi olarak 4-D (29 Öğrenci 13 erkek- 16 kız) sınıfı deney, 4-C (27 Öğrenci, 14 erkek- 13 kız) sınıfı ise kontrol grubu olarak atanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Çetin Gündüz ve Tarhan (2015) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan "Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayalı Meslek Seçimlerine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri analizi aşamasında ilk olarak deney ve kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere ilişkin demografik özelliklerin betimlenebilmesi amacıyla frekans ve yüzde analizi kullanılmıştır. Ardından veri analizi için istatistiksel işlemlere geçilmeden önce verilerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığının incelenmesi amacıyla Kolmogorov- Simirnov testi kullanılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarının Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayalı Meslek Seçimlerine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği' nden son testte aldıkları puanların grup içinde karşılaştırılması amacı ile bağımlı gruplarda t-testi ve Wilcoxon Sıralı Ölçümler Testi kullanılmıştır. Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayalı Meslek Seçimlerine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği'nin toplam puanlarına ilişkin deney ve kontrol gruplarının son test puanları arasında fark olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla ise bağımsız gruplarda t-testi ve Mann Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda deney grubunda yer alan öğrencilerin olumlu tutum boyutunda ön test ve son test puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Olumsuz tutum boyutunda ve ölçeğin toplamında ise ön test ve son test puanları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre, öğrencilerin toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı meslek seçimlerine yönelik olumsuz tutumlarına ilişkin puanlarının uygulanan deneysel işlem sonrası azaldığı bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Kontrol grubunun grup içi ölçümlerine ilişkin sonuçlar incelendiğinde, öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı meslek seçimlerine yönelik öntest ve sontest tutum puanları arasında hiçbir boyutta anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Deney grubu ve kontrol grubunun sontest puanları karşılaştırıldığında ise toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı meslek seçimlerine yönelik olumsuz tutumlarına ilişkin puanların ve toplam puanların deney grubu lehine farklılaştığı bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Bütün bu bulgular birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, sosyal bilgiler dersinde uygulanan toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine dayalı etkinliklerin öğrencilerin toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı meslek seçimlerine yönelik tutumlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal Bilgiler, Cinsiyet, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği, İlkokul Öğrencileri.In this thesis, the effects of gender mainstreaming activities applied in social studies courses on the attitudes of female students towards their profession choices were examined. In the study, in order to reveal the difference between attitudes of the experimental group in which gender activities were applied and the control group in which gender activities were not applied towards gender-based profession choices, " the static- group pretest- posttest design" was used. The study group consisted of 4th-grade students attending a Elementary School in the district of Körfez, Kocaeli, in the spring term of the 2017-2018 academic year. With the decision given randomly, the 4-D class (29 students, 13 boys- 16 girls) were assigned as the experiment group, where the 4-C class (27 students, 14 boys- 13 girls) were assigned as the control group. In the research, "Attitude Scale Towards Gender-Based Profession Choices" developed by Çetin Gündüz and Tarhan (2015) was used as a pretest and posttest. In the data analysis phase, firstly, frequency and percentage analysis were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the students in the experimental and control groups. After that, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine whether the data were distributed normally or not before carrying out statistical operations for data analysis. A non-parametric test, namely Mann-Whitney U test was used in order to determine whether there was any difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups regarding the total scores of the Attitude Scale Towards Gender-Based Profession Choices. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used in order to compare the total post-test scores of the experiment and control groups in the Attitude Scale Towards Gender-Based Profession Choices. Independent samples T-test was used in the other measurements. As a result of the research, it was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in the positive attitude dimension of the students in the experimental group. It was concluded that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in favor of the experimental group in the negative attitude dimension and the total scale. Accordingly, it was found that the scores of students' negative attitudes towards gender-based profession choices decreased after the experimental procedure. When the results of the control group's intra-group measurements were examined, it was concluded that there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test attitude scores of the students based on gender-based profession choices. When the posttest scores of the experimental group and the control group were compared, it was found that the scores on the negative attitudes towards gender-based profession choices and the total scores differed in favor of the experimental group. When all these findings are evaluated together, it can be concluded that gender equality activities applied in social studies course positively affect students' attitudes towards gender based profession choices. Key Words: Social Studies, Sex, Gender, Gender Equality, Primary School Students

Landscape design project of the inner courtyard of the Laodikeia excavation houseLaodikeia kazı evi iç avlu peyzaj tasarım projesi

Laodikeia Ancient City, (that) is a focal point at spatial and functional identity of Denizli City, is a significant historical site that was selected into Temporary List of World Culture Heritage by UNESCO at 2013. For the purpose of Laodikeia Ancient City’s culture heritage of researching, to documented, to store, protecting and leaving to the next generations, restoration and conservation studies are executed along the whole year at Laodikeia Ancient City. Increasing productivity of these considerable works that is beneficial to world culture heritage is too important for Denizli and our country. Excavation house that was build for requirement entirely, has a courtyard where technique staff exists different career group can use on break time and can spend social time. The main theme of the article is the landscape design project of the Laodikeia antique site excavation house and its planning-design and application phases.In this context, excavation house landscape design project was developed due to the aesthetical and fuctional uses as well as the basic needs of the users (such as working, resting etc.) regarding landscape design criteria supplying harmony between nature and built environment. ÖzetDenizli Kenti’nin mekansal ve işlevsel kimliği açısından odak noktası olan Laodikeia Antik Kenti, 2013 yılında UNESCO tarafından Dünya Kültür Mirası Geçici Listesi'ne alınmış önemli bir ören yeridir. Bu açıdan bakılırsa, Laodikeia Antik Kenti'nin araştırılması, belgelenmesi, arşivlenmesine yönelik çalışmalar, kültürel miras kaynaklarının gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması açısından son derece önemlidir. Dünya kültür mirasına büyük katkıları olan bu tür çalışmaların verimli kılınması, Denizli ve ülkemiz için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmanın ana teması; Laodikeia Antik Kenti’ndeki tamamen kullanıcı odaklı ihtiyaç programına yönelik olarak yapılan kazı evi, burada çalışan çeşitli meslek gruplarından oluşan teknik personelin dinlenme anlarında kullanabilecekleri, sosyal anlamda vakit geçirebilecekleri bir iç avlu tasarımıdır.Bu araştırmanın amacı; Laodikeia kazı evi iç avlusunun peyzaj tasarım süreci irdelenerek, estetik ve işlevsel tasarım ilkeleri açısından kullanıcı–ihtiyaç programı bağlamında değerlendirilmesidir.Bu değerlendirmeler, işlevsel ve estetik açıdan kullanıcı kitlesinin çalışma–dinlenme gereksinimlerine cevap verebilcek, yapılı ve doğal çevre arasındaki uyumu gözeten peyzaj tasarım ilkeleri kapsamında proje geliştirilmiştir.