Els fetus pateixen els efectes de la nicotina

El consum de tabac durant l'embaràs exposa al fetus a possibles efectes deleteris de la nicotina que poden afectar els resultats perinatals i la salut del nen. La nicotina sembla afectar el desenvolupament neurològic normal del fetus al principi de la vida. A més, s'ha observat que l'exposició del fetus dins de l'úter al consum de tabac per part de la mare podria induir una síndrome d'abstinència neonatal a la nicotina.El consumo de tabaco durante el embarazo expone al feto a posibles efectos dañinos de la nicotina que pueden afectar a los resultados perinatales y a la salud del niño. La nicotina parece afectar el desarrollo neurológico normal del feto al principio de la vida. Además, se ha observado que la exposición del feto, dentro del útero, al consumo de tabaco por parte de la madre podría inducir un síndrome de abstinencia neonatal a la nicotina

El mate provoca síndrome d'abstinència durant la lactància

El mate és una infusió molt comuna en alguns països d'Amèrica del Sud, feta amb les fulles del mate assecades, torrades i polvoritzades. Científics de la UAB han observat un nounat, fill d'una gran consumidora de mate, que presentava tremolors, irritabilitat, plor agut, i altres troballes neurològiques lleus. Es va comprovar la relació d'aquests símptomes amb una exposició crònica a la cafeïna i la teobromina, substàncies que abunden al mate.El mate es una infusión muy común en algunos países de Sudamérica, hecha con las hojas del mate secas, tostadas y pulverizadas. Científicos de la UAB han observado un neonato, hijo de una gran consumidora de mate, que presentaba temblores, irritabilidad, llanto agudo, y otros hallazgos neurológicos leves. Comprobaron la relación entre estos síntomas y una exposición crónica a la cafeína y la teobromina, substancias que abundan en el mate.Mate is a very common infusion in many South American countries. It's prepared by steeping dried leaves of yerba mate in hot water. UAB researchers have observed a neonatal baby, whose mother is a heavy consumer of mate, who presented increased jitteriness and irritability, high-pitched crying, and other mild neurological anormalities. Their observation have demonstrated a relation between these symptoms and a chronic exposition to caffeine and theobromine, two very abundant substances in mate

El consum d'alcohol durant l'embaràs altera la producció d'hormones placentàries

El trastorn de l'espectre alcohòlic fetal és la principal causa de retard mental evitable i no genètica. Fins a dia d'avui el diagnòstic de l'exposició a l'alcohol s'ha basat en qüestionaris i biomarcadors de consum d'alcohol. Malgrat això, no existeixen biomarcadors relacionats amb el dany cel·lular causat per l'exposició prenatal a l'alcohol. En aquest sentit, la placenta és un òrgan essencial en la transferència de nutrients (i substàncies d'abús) i té una funció endocrina fonamental pel correcte desenvolupament embrionari. Per aquest motiu, el principal objectiu de l'estudi va ser identificar nous biomarcadors placentaris en nens exposats a alcohol.El trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal es la principal causa de retraso mental evitable y no genética. Hasta día de hoy el diagnóstico de la exposición al alcohol se ha basado en cuestionarios y biomarcadores de consumo de alcohol. Sin embargo, no existen biomarcadores relacionados con el daño celular causado por la exposición prenatal al alcohol. En este sentido, la placenta es un órgano esencial en la transferencia de nutrientes (y sustancias de abuso) y tiene una función endocrina fundamental para el correcto desarrollo embrionario. Por este motivo, el principal objetivo del estudio fue identificar nuevos biomarcadores placentarios en niños expuestos a alcohol.Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is the main cause of preventable non- genetic mental retardation. Until today the diagnosis of alcohol exposure has been based on questionnaires and biomarkers of alcohol consumption. It is important to identify biomarkers related to cellular damage caused by prenatal ethanol exposure. In this sense, the placenta is the main organ involved in the transfer of essential nutrients (and substance abuse) and also has a pivotal role on endocrine function during embryonic development. For this reason, the main objective of the study was to identify new placental biomarkers in children exposed to alcohol

Efficacy and Feasibility of an Osteopathic Intervention for Neurocognitive and Behavioral Symptoms Usually Associated With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.

post-print294 K

Prediction of Childhood Asthma Using Conditional Probability and Discrete Event Simulation

Abstract: Asthma prevalence in children and adolescents in Spain is 10-17%. It is the most common chronic illness during childhood. Prevalence has been increasing over the last 40 years and there is considerable evidence that, among other factors, continued exposure to cigarette smoke results in asthma in children. No statistical or simulation model exist to forecast the evolution of childhood asthma in Europe. Such a model needs to incorporate the main risk factors that can be managed by medical authorities, such as tobacco (OR = 1.44), to establish how they affect the present generation of children. A simulation model using conditional probability and discrete event simulation for childhood asthma was developed and validated by simulating realistic scenario. The parameters used for the model (input data) were those found in the bibliography, especially those related to the incidence of smoking in Spain. We also used data from a panel of experts from the Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) related to actual evolution and asthma phenotypes. The results obtained from the simulation established a threshold of a 15-20% smoking population for a reduction in the prevalence of asthma. This is still far from the current level in Spain, where 24% of people smoke. We conclude that more effort must be made to combat smoking and other childhood asthma risk factors, in order to significantly reduce the number of cases. Once completed, this simulation methodology can realistically be used to forecast the evolution of childhood asthma as a function of variation in different risk factors

The Effects of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse on Maternal Nutritional Profile during Pregnancy

Abstract The consumption of alcohol and drugs of abuse among pregnant women has experienced a significant increase in the last decades. Suitable maternal nutritional status is crucial to maintain the optimal environment for fetal development but if consumption of alcohol or drugs of abuse disrupt the intake of nutrients, the potential teratogenic effects of these substances increase. Despite evidence of the importance of nutrition in addicted pregnant women, there is a lack of information on the effects of alcohol and drugs of abuse on maternal nutritional status; so, the focus of this review was to provide an overview on the nutritional status of addicted mothers and fetuses. Alcohol and drugs consumption can interfere with the absorption of nutrients, impairing the quality and quantity of proper nutrient and energy intake, resulting in malnutrition especially of micronutrients (vitamins, omega⁻3, folic acid, zinc, choline, iron, copper, selenium). When maternal nutritional status is compromised by alcohol and drugs of abuse the supply of essential nutrients are not available for the fetus; this can result in fetal abnormalities like Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). It is critical to find a strategy to reduce fetal physical and neurological impairment as a result of prenatal alcohol and drugs of abuse exposure combined with poor maternal nutrition. Prenatal nutrition interventions and target therapy are required that may reverse the development of such abnormalities. KEYWORDS: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD); Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR); alcohol; drugs of abuse; fetal nutrition; maternal nutrition; pregnanc

Models for the Study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Overview

Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated to different physical, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological impairments collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The underlying mechanisms of ethanol toxicity are not completely understood. Experimental studies during human pregnancy to identify new diagnostic biomarkers are difficult to carry out beyond genetic or epigenetic analyses in biological matrices. Therefore, animal models are a useful tool to study the teratogenic effects of alcohol on the central nervous system and analyze the benefits of promising therapies. Animal models of alcohol spectrum disorder allow the analysis of key variables such as amount, timing and frequency of ethanol consumption to describe the harmful effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In this review, we aim to synthetize neurodevelopmental disabilities in rodent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes, considering facial dysmorphology and fetal growth restriction. We examine the different neurodevelopmental stages based on the most consistently implicated epigenetic mechanisms, cell types and molecular pathways, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of murine models in the study of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the different routes of alcohol administration, and alcohol consumption patterns applied to rodents. Finally, we analyze a wide range of phenotypic features to identify fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes in murine models, exploring facial dysmorphology, neurodevelopmental deficits, and growth restriction, as well as the methodologies used to evaluate behavioral and anatomical alterations produced by prenatal alcohol exposure in rodents

Murine Models for the Study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Overview.

Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated to different physical, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological impairments collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The underlying mechanisms of ethanol toxicity are not completely understood. Experimental studies during human pregnancy to identify new diagnostic biomarkers are difficult to carry out beyond genetic or epigenetic analyses in biological matrices. Therefore, animal models are a useful tool to study the teratogenic effects of alcohol on the central nervous system and analyze the benefits of promising therapies. Animal models of alcohol spectrum disorder allow the analysis of key variables such as amount, timing and frequency of ethanol consumption to describe the harmful effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In this review, we aim to synthetize neurodevelopmental disabilities in rodent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes, considering facial dysmorphology and fetal growth restriction. We examine the different neurodevelopmental stages based on the most consistently implicated epigenetic mechanisms, cell types and molecular pathways, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of murine models in the study of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the different routes of alcohol administration, and alcohol consumption patterns applied to rodents. Finally, we analyze a wide range of phenotypic features to identify fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes in murine models, exploring facial dysmorphology, neurodevelopmental deficits, and growth restriction, as well as the methodologies used to evaluate behavioral and anatomical alterations produced by prenatal alcohol exposure in rodents