Tabu #1 : bilimsel makale yazmak çok zordur(!)

Target Group: Undergraduate student who has never made a scientific research, especially Astronomy students. Objective: To show this group, making a scientific research and resulting it is not much difficult. Method: Making a research on practical, and writing an article. Result: Young scientists who trust themselves, can make a scientific research, made a few support to the Oceon of Science.peer-reviewe

Astronomide yaygin öğrenim arayişlari ve meyvesi beyaz cüce

Executing Expansive Learning, which means learning without any schedule, place or intructor, has confused every astronomers' mind. For us, as the students of different universities and perspectives, it was confusing how to share our knowledge and experience. The astronomy students who met at the 4th National Astronomy Student Congress in 2006, started a solution based on share of knowledge and experience. This report tells us the story of Beyaz Cüce workgroup which created as a result of sharing the knowledge and ideas.peer-reviewe

Lıberty opportunıty problem wıth lıberalısm

Bu çalışma liberalizmin özgürlük düşüncesiyle ilgilidir. Sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik birçok teoride üzerinde durulan özgürlük kavramı liberalizm içinde önemli bir yer işgal etmektedir. Liberalizm özgürlükçü ve birey merkezli bir doktrindir ve birey-devlet ilişkisini birey özgürlüğünü esas alarak kurgulamıştır. Bununla birlikte özgürlük kavramı sadece liberalizme ait gibi gösterilmiştir. Ve liberal özgürlük tezlerinin mükemmel olduğu izlenimi oluşturulmuştur. Ancak bu özgürlük tezleri problemli olan kısımlara sahiptir. Çalışmanın amacı liberalizmin özgürlük düşüncesindeki problemli olan kısımları ortaya koymak ve liberalizm konusunda doğru bir kavrayış oluşturulmasına katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu nedenle liberalizmin özgürlük düşüncesi bireysel ve toplumsal olmak üzere iki temel noktadan hareketle incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda imkânı bakımından sorgulanmıştır. Son olarak liberalizmin vaat ettiği toplumsal düzenin gerçekleştirilmesi için öncelikle bu problemlerin çözülmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.This study is associated with the idea of liberty in liberalism. Liberty concept which has been adressed by a good many social, political and economic theories has an important seat in liberalism. Liberalism is a libertarian and individual centered doctrin and it has constructed the relation between individualstate based on the liberty of the individual. Nevertheless, the concept of liberty has been shown to be merely liberalism. And the impression that liberal Liberty theses are perfect is being created. However, these Liberty theses have problematic parts. The aim of the study is to reveal the problematic issues related to the idea of liberty in liberalism and to contribute to forming a right understanding about it in liberalism. For this reason, the idea of liberty in liberalism has been examined both individual and social perspective. At the same time it was questioned in terms of possibility. Finally, for the realization of the social order promised by liberalism, it is firstly achieved that these problems must be solved

Üçüz Açik Ya Da Ikiz Iraksama : Dinamik Panel Analizi

Üçüz açık hipotezi, bütçe açığı, cari işlemler açığı ve tasarruf açığının birlikte yaşanması durumunu ifade etmektedir. Bütçe açığı ile cari işlemler açığının varlığı ve bu iki etkinin karşılıklı etkileşimi, literatürde Keynesyen yaklaşım ve Ricardocu yaklaşım açısından oldukça geniş biçimde ele alınmıştır. İkiz açık literatürüne özel sektör tasarruf açığını da dahil ederek ifade edilen "üçüz açık" konusunda yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır ve geçiş ekonomilerinde var olan kırılganlık ile birlikte üçüz açık altında ekonomi politikasının yürütülmesine ilişkin sorunlar oldukça geniş bir yer kaplamaktadır. Bu çalışma 24 geçiş ülkesi açısından üçüz açığın varlığını dinamik panel veri analizi ile ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak çalışmada cari açık ve tasarruf açığı arasında bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.Triple deficit hypothesis points out coexistence of budget deficit, current account deficit and privatesavings deficits. In the literature, in terms of Keynesian and Ricardian approach, existing of budget deficit and current account deficit and the relationship between them are widely examined. The literature on three deficits which develops twin deficit hypothesis by involving private sector saving gaps is limited. Moreover, the problems about political economy of three deficits that occur with fragility of transition economies lay on rather wide area. Our study aims to examine three deficit hypothesis for 24 transition economies over 2002-2013 period by employing dynamic panel data analysis. We find evidence of an interaction between current account deficit and savings-investment deficit

Similar Symptomatology Can Mislead; A Temporal Epilepsy Case Reverting From Vascular Surgery

With the increasing use of imaging technics, many patients have been found to have twisted vessels. Treating these vessels by many surgical procedures, the symptomatology regresses. However, the patient must be well evaluated and the etiology must be clear before the surgery, A 50-year-old female patient was consulted. In her history, she was complaining from vertigo, imbalance, and syncope like episodes once or twice a week with a discomfort increasing from her stomach. Bilateral advanced degree of carotid tortuosity was demonstrated in her imagings. Her neurological and auditory examinations were normal. Routine electroencephalography was in normal limits. Three hour sleep deprivation electroencephalography revealed sharp wave activities on temporal region of the left hemisphere. After initiation of 400 mg/day Carbamazepine, she had no complaint in her 1st and 3rd month visits. As a conclusion, although advancing technology and imaging technics help us to diagnose, anamnesis and semiology are more essential

Analyzing the Effect of Comorbidities and Drug Usage in Clopidogrel Unresponsive Patients

INTRODUCTION: OBJECTIVE: Clopidogrel is a widely used antiplatelet in vascular events. However multiple drug prescriptions increase the risk for drug-drug interactions. The purpose of the study is to rule out the factors leading to clopidogrel responsiveness including the comorbidities and drugs. METHODS: In this retrospective study, ischemic stroke patients who were being treated with clopidogrel for at least one year were eligible for enrollment.Clopidogrel resistance was measured with MEA. The comorbities and the medical treatment of the patients were noted. RESULTS: 92 patients were included the study. 49 % of them were male and the median age was 69,19±12,08. 44.6 % of the patients were unresponsive to clopidogrel. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus were not associated with a decreased response to clopidogrel. Similarly, we did not observe any drug-drug interactions between clopidogrel and oral antidiabetics, insulin, antihypertensives, antilipidemics and proton pump inhibitors. Age and gender were also not associated with clopidogrel responsiveness. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that 45% of patients had a decrease response to clopidogrel. However we found no relation between clopidogrel resistance and the factors mentioned in previous studies. This could be attributed to other unknown factors leading to drug resistance

FED ve TCMB Politika Davranışlarının Karşılaştırılması

Ekonomiler genellikle; sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik gelişme, fiyat istikrarı, tam istihdam ve ödemeler dengesi tutarlılığını sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçları sağlamak için maliye ve para politikası araçları koordineli şekilde uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülke ekonomilerinin refah seviyesini tehdit eden enflasyonun dengelenmesinde kullanılan para politikalarını Türkiye ve ABD ekonomileri özelinde çözümlemektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, enflasyon ve işsizlik oranlarının TCMB ve FED tarafından belirlenen politika faizini ne yönde etkilediğini çözümlemek için ayrı ayrı modellemelere tabi tutulmuştur. Söz konusu ilişki 2014:M1-2022:M9 dönemi politika faizi, enflasyon ve işsizlik verileri kullanılarak ARDL Sınır Testi modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen ampirik bulgulara göre, Türkiye ekonomisinde uzun dönemde işsizlik politika faizini artırmakta iken; eflasyonun istatistiksel olarak faiz üzerinde herhangi bir etkisine rastlanmamaktadır. ABD ekonomisinde ise uzun dönemde işsizlik ve enflasyonun politika faizi üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuca ulaşılamamaktadır

An internal cerebral artery dissection presented with anterior choroidal artery infarction

Anterior choroidal artery (AchA) is a branch of internal carotid artery. AchA infarcts are frequently presented by lacunar syndromes. Hemiparesis is the most common presenting symptom. Horner syndrome and cranial nerve palsies are unusual findings for AChA infarcts. In case of presentation with these, etiopathogenesis should be reconsidered and reevaluated. A 42 year old man was admitted to our neurology clinic with right hemiparesis. He had Horner syndrom and hypoglossal nerve palsy. An acute AChA infarction was seen in cranial and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As there was a suspicious sign of carotid dissection in extracranial MR angiography, digital substraction angiography was performed and dissection of left carotid artery in the subpetrosal region was observed. The patient was diagnosed with left carotid artery dissection and was started on oral anticoagulan therapy. Presentation of an acute AChA infarction due to the dissection of ICA is rarely observed. ICA dissections can sometimes be presented by Horner syndrome and/or cranial nerve palsies. Especially in young stroke patients, dissection should be considered even if the patient does not mention headache

Factors Influencing Mortality of Metastatic Bladder Cancer: A Single-Center Experience

Objectives: Bladder cancer predominantly affects the elderly and exhibits poor survival in the metastatic stage, where the five-year survival rate is approximately 15% with contemporary regimens. Geriatric patients with metastatic bladder cancer generally have low-performance status and multiple comorbid diseases, therefore they often are unable to receive optimal therapy. We aimed to evaluate the rate of metastatic bladder cancer patients receiving systemic treatment, chemotherapy regimens, response to treatments, survival data, and factors influencing mortality. Methods: Patients with metastatic bladder cancer who were treated at our clinic between January 2011 and October 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Factors affecting survival were evaluated using the long-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using cox regression. Results: A total of 121 patients with metastatic disease were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 68 (41-86) years. The median overall survival was 9 months. Overall one-, two- and five-year survival rates were 31%, 17%, and 0.5%, respectively. 52 (43%) of the patients died without receiving any systemic treatment at the metastatic stage. The median overall survival was 3.3 months in patients who received no systemic therapy at the metastatic stage, while it was 11.6 months in patients who received at least one line of therapy (p<0.01). The presence of liver metastasis (HR 1.9; %95 CI 1.17 to 3.09; p<0.01) and the absence of systemic treatment in the metastatic stage (HR 4.26; %95 CI 2.81 to 6.46; p<0.01) were among the independent risk factors for mortality. The rate of patients aged 65 and over was higher in the group not receiving chemotherapy (71.2% vs 47.8%, p=0.01). While 76.9% of the patients who did not receive chemotherapy had recurrent disease, this rate was 49.3% in the group receiving chemotherapy (p<0.01). Conclusion: Nearly half of the patients with metastatic bladder cancer died without any systemic treatment. Independent risk factors associated with mortality included absent treatment and the presence of liver metastasis. Patients who did not receive treatment were older and had higher rates of recurrent metastatic disease

A Neuroborreliosis Case Presenting with Asymmetric Painful Radiculoneuritis

Lyme disease (LD) is a tick-borne multisystem disease caused by infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. LD is associated with numerous neurologic, rheumatologic, and cardiac manifestations. Neurologic manifestations are seen in 12-15% of untreated patients. LD is endemic in North America and Northern Europe. It is easy to diagnose LD in an endemic area if tick bite is recognized and the typical lesion erythema migrans is seen; however, it is a diagnostic challenge if the typical lesion is not seen in a country in which LD is not endemic. These cases may be underdiagnosed in Turkey because of the imitator nature of the disease and the belief that LD does not exist in Turkey. We report a patient who presented with acute asymmetrical paraparesis and was diagnosed and treated as having LD and discuss our case accompanied a literature review