Kur’an Tilavetinde Usul ve Esaslar

Mustafa Kılıç, Kur’an Tilavetinde Usul ve Esaslar adlı eserinde Kur’ân okunuşu esnasında okuyucunun yaptığı hatalar ve bu hataların giderilmesi adına hangi yolların izleneceğini aktarmıştır. Yazar eseri iki ana bölümden oluşturmuş, ilk bölümde okuyucunun konuyu daha iyi anlayabilmesi adına “harfler” konusundan başlamıştır. Ardından mahreç, sıfat ve lahn konularıyla, sonrasında gelecek bölüm için alt yapı oluşturmuştur. Bu sırada geçmişten günümüze kadar Kıraat âlimlerinin belirlediği bazı okuyuş hatalarını ele alarak bunların izahını yapmıştır. Bu izahların hemen ardından hataların sebeplerini ve çözüm yollarını Kur’ân’dan örnek ayetlerle izah etmiştir. Genel olarak kültürümüzde tecvit denildiğinde ârızî sıfatlara indirgemek gibi bir yanlışın olduğu fakat bundan daha elzem olan mahreç ve lâzımî sıfatlar konusu olduğunun altını çizmiştir. Ve yine sıfat ve mahreç konusunun Kur’ân’ı doğru okuma noktasında ilk sırada yer aldığının altını çizmektedir. Yazarın bu konu üzerinde çokça durma sebebi tilavetin ibadet boyutuna da etki etmesidir. Nitekim yazar önsözün ilk cümlesinde: “Tilaveti ibadet olan Ku’ân’ın doğru okunması da önem arz etmektedir.” diye izah etmektedir. Teorik bilgileri anlaşılabilecek sadelikte anlatan yazar, ardından pratik yapma esnasında çokça yapılan hatalar üzerinden nüanslar vermiştir. Ardından Arap dilindeki harflerin sayısındaki ihtilaflara varıncaya kadar birçok konuyu izah etmiştir. Ortaya konulan ihtilaflar konusunda yazar genel kabul görenlerin yanında çok az taraftarı olan görüşleri dahi zikretmiştir. Tabi bunları zikrederken ihtilaf konularında savunulan görüş ve bu görüşe karşı olan alimlerin görüşlerini sarih bir şekilde ortaya koymuştur. Diğer taraftan yazar Kur’ân tilaveti sırasında “temsili kıraatin” önemine vurgu yapmaktadır. Tabi bunların hepsi bir araya geldiği zaman bir usul oluşacağı, bu usulün ise “fem-i muhsin” kişi olan hocadan alınması gerektiğini belirtmiştir. İkinci bölüm ise her harfin tüm yönüyle tanıtımı yapılmaya yapımlı ve bu konuda büyük başarı sağlanmıştır. Oluşturulan tablolar sayesinde ise okuyucunun daha rahat anlamasını hadeflemiştir. Dolayısıyla bu kitap, izlediği metot, kapsamlı içeriği ve sonuçları bakımından literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu değerlendirmede, Kılıç’ın Kur’an Tilavetinde Usul ve Esaslar isimli çalışması yöntem ve içerik olarak ele alınmış, yazarın yorumları ve ulaştığı sonuçlar incelenmiştir

One-pot synthesis of oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates from epoxides and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate: theoretical evidence for an asynchronous concerted pathway

The one-pot reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with epoxides having phenyl, benzyl and fused cyclic alkyl groups in different solvents under mild reaction conditions without additives and catalysts was studied. Oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates were obtained in ratios close to 1:1 in the cyclization reactions. The best yields of these compounds were obtained in dichloromethane (DCM). Together with 16 known compounds, two novel oxazolidinone derivatives and two novel cyclic carbonates were synthesized with an efficient and straightforward method. Compared to the existing methods, the synthetic approach presented here provides the following distinct advantageous: being a one- pot reaction with metal-free reagent, having shorter reaction times, good yields and a very simple purification method. Moreover, using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory the mechanism of the cycloaddition reactions has been elucidated. The further investigation of the potential energy surfaces associated with two possible channels leading to oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates disclosed that the cycloaddition reaction proceeds via an asynchronous concerted mechanism in gas phase and in DCM

Large eddy simulations of the turbulent channel flow over dimpled surfaces

Reducing skin friction has a key role in the efficiency of rail, highway, and airway transport vehicles or naval systems such as ships and underwater vehicles. In recent years, there is a growing interest in investigating turbulent drag-reducing capabilities of dimpled surfaces, which have great potential as a passive solution, while there still exists highly conflicting views and drag reduction rates reported in the literature as well as a lack of information about the drag reduction mechanism. In this study, large-eddy simulations (LES) were performed to investigate the characteristics and physical mechanism of the fluid flow over dimpled surfaces in a fully developed channel flow. The Reynolds number based on the channel height and the mean bulk velocity was nearly 5600 for all cases examined. Within the framework of the study, various dimple depth to diameter ratios as well as different dimple arrangements and geometries were considered. The detailed mean and instantaneous flow fields, turbulent kinetic energy budget and spectral characteristics of the flow are presented. The study revealed the potential of the dimpled surface in reducing skin friction and provided critical information about the flow features affecting the performance of the dimples

(1RS,2RS,3SR,5RS,7RS)-2,5-Dichloro-8-oxabicyclo­[5.1.0]octan-3-ol

In the title compound, C7H10Cl2O2, the seven-membered ring displays a chair conformation. In the crystal, the hy­droxy H atom is equally disordered over two orientations, and links with an adjacent mol­ecule via an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond in both cases. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is also a feature of the crystal structure

Novel Quinoline-Based Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives: Synthesis, DFT Calculations, and Investigation of Antitubercular, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities

The discovery of new antimicrobial agents as a means of treating drug-resistant microbial pathogens is of utmost significance to overcome their immense risk to human well-being. The current investigation involves the development, synthesis, and assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of novel quinoline derivatives incorporating a thiosemicarbazide functionality. To design the target compounds (QST1–QST14), we applied the molecular hybridization approach to link various thiosemicarbazides to the quinoline core with a sulfonyl group. Upon the synthesis and completion of structural characterization via spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 15N NMR, IR, and HRMS), the title molecules were extensively evaluated for their potential antitubercular, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. N-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-(quinolin-8-ylsulfonyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (QST4), the most effective compound against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, was also tested on isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates with katG and inhA promoter mutations. Based on molecular docking studies, QST4 was also likely to demonstrate its antimycobacterial activity through inhibition of the InhA enzyme. Furthermore, three derivatives (QST3, QST4, and QST10) with preferable antimicrobial and drug-like profiles were also shown to be nontoxic against human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. All compounds were optimized by the density functional theory method using B3LYP with the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. Structural analysis, natural bond orbital calculations of donor–acceptor interactions, molecular electrostatic potential analysis, and frontier molecular orbital analysis were carried out. Quantum chemical descriptors and charges on the atoms were determined to compare the strengths of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed and their stabilities. We determined that the sulfur atom forms a stronger intramolecular hydrogen bond than the nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine atoms in these sulfonyl thiosemicarbazide derivatives

Hymenoscyphus caudatus, Türkiye mikobiyotası için yeni bir askomiset kaydı

Hymenoscyphus caudatus (P. Karst.) Dennis is given as new record for the mycobiota of Turkey. The macro and micromorphological characters of the species are provided together with the localities of collection, collector numbers and the photographs related to its macro and micromorphologies.Hymenoscyphus caudatus (P. Karst.) Dennis Türkiye için yeni kayıt olarak verilmiştir. Türün makro ve mikromorfolojik karakterleri, toplanma lokaliteleri, toplayıcı numaraları ve makro ve mikromorfolojilerine ait fotoğrafları ile birlikte verilmiştir

Reduced graphene oxide supported nickel-palladium alloy nanoparticles as a superior catalyst for the hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes under ambient conditions

Addressed herein is the superior catalytic performance of reduced graphene oxide supported Ni30Pd70 alloy nanoparticles (rGO-Ni30Pd70) for the direct hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes to alkanes, which surpasses the commercial Pd/C catalyst both in activity and stability. A variety of cyclic or aromatic alkenes and alkynes (a total of 17 examples) were rapidly reduced to the corresponding alkanes with high yields (>99%) via the presented direct hydrogenation protocol under ambient conditions. Compared to the commercially available Pd/C (10 wt%) catalyst, the rGO-Ni30Pd70 catalyst provided higher yields in shorter reaction times under the optimized conditions. Moreover, the rGO-Ni30Pd70 catalysts were more stable and durable than the commercial Pd/C catalysts by preserving their initial activity after five consecutive runs in the hydrogenation reactions

Thecotheus lundqvistii, Türkiye için yeni bir koprofil askomiset kaydı

The fimicolous Thecotheus Boud. species, Thecotheus lundqvistii Aas., is reported in Turkey for the first time. A brief description of the species and the photographs related to its macro and micromorphologies are provided.Gübre üzerinde gelişim gösteren bir Thecotheus Boud. türü, Thecotheus lundqvistii Aas., Türkiye’de ilk kez rapor edilmiştir. Türün kısa betimlemesi ve makro ve mikromorfolojilerine ilişkin fotoğrafları verilmiştir

Management of otolaryngology outpatients in COVID-19 pandemic

n this review, we discuss patient management in otolaryngology outpatient clinics during COVID-19 pandemic and present the practices of our own clinic with different examples from different continents. During the pandemic process, outpatient admissions should be postponed and medical services should be provided by telephone or e-mail to prevent healthcare workers from becoming infected. In case of required admissions, after the appropriate triage for COVID-19, the patient must be examined using personal protective equipment. In the pandemic process, the protection of qualified workforce within the health system is the highest priority for the communities. Therefore, guides have been published for healthcare workers to provide health services by protecting themselves from this disease in their daily practices. However, there is no widely accepted guideline worldwide, yet. With the accumulation of experiences to be reported from many continents, a generally accepted guide on how to continue outpatient services, invasive procedures, and elective surgeries can be developed during the pandemic process