An assessment in terms of mechanization of timber harvesting operations in Artvin forest regional directorate

Bu çalışmada Artvin Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü (OBM)’nde gerçekleştirilen odun hammaddesi üretim çalışmaları mekanizasyon açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla 2004-2009 yılları arasında bölge müdürlüğünde odun hammaddesi üretimi, bölge müdürlüğünün sahip olduğu üretim makineleri, odun hammaddesi üretiminde mekanizasyon kullanım oranı ve bölgedeki kış üretimi incelenmiştir. Sonuçta; Artvin OBM, odun hammaddesi üretim çalışmalarında mekanizasyon kullanımı açısından ülkemizin dikkat çeken bölge müdürlüğü olduğu, son 5 yıl dikkate alındığında bölgede üretilen odun hammaddesinin yaklaşık % 30’unun mekanizasyona dayalı yöntemlerle bölmeden çıkarıldığı belirlenmiştir. Yörede odun hammaddesi üretim çalışmalarında kullanılan üretim makinelerinin ekonomik ömürlerini tamamlaması nedeniyle eskiyen hava hatları ve orman traktörleri yeni model hava hattı ve traktörler alınarak yenilenmesi, makinelerin daha etkin ve ekonomik olarak kullanılması açısından gereklidir.In this paper, timber harvesting operations of Artvin Forest Regional Directorate (FRD) have been evaluated in terms of mechanization. For this purpose, timber harvesting at regional directorate, timber harvesting machinery owned by regional directorate, mechanization ratio in harvesting and winter harvesting in the region between 2004 and 2009 have been examined. As a result, it has been found out that Artvin FRD is one of the remarkable regional directorates of our country in terms of mechanization in timber harvesting operations, and that mechanization ratio is almost 30% on logging of wood raw material. As the harvesting machines used during timber harvesting in the area have completed their economic lives, the skylines and forest tractors worn have to replace with new model skylines and tractors, so that machines can be used more effectively and economically

UTILISING GIS FOR DOCUMENTATION, CONSERVATION, AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY CAMPUS IN ANKARA AS A MODERN PERIOD LIVING HERITAGE PLACE

The Middle East Technical University (METU) Ankara Campus is one of the earliest and most prominent modern-period university campuses that resulted from an architectural competition in the 1960s in Turkey. However, METU Campus, as a modern-era heritage place, faces various threats, including pressure for new urban development. In addition, the increasing number of students and contemporary educational needs require changes in the physical infrastructure and campus settings. Thus, all these threaten the tangible and intangible values of the Campus. In this regard, conserving the METU Campus requires a multidimensional approach that considers a wide range of values and problems; herein, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) becomes a useful tool for dealing with this complex work. Accordingly, the METU Campus GIS Project [METU_GIS] was developed to document and understand the multidimensional characteristics of the METU Campus, assess its values, and propose solutions to current issues while considering its values and potentials. Accordingly, the METU_GIS defines conservation policies and strategies that ensure the conservation and sustainability of the Campus as a living modern heritage place. Furthermore, the METU_GIS is a GIS-based conservation management plan created for a modern period campus for the first time in Turkey. Hence, it became an essential basis and a tool for conserving and managing the METU Campus as a modern living heritage place. All in all, the METU_GIS proves that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are essential tools that can be used in the documentation, conservation, and monitoring of modern heritage places

Percutaneous approaches in valvular heart diseases [Kalp kapak hastaliklarinda perkütan yaklaşimlar]

Valvular heart diseases still continue to be an important health problem. Surgical replacement of cardiac valves keeps a widely used treatment method for the present. However, the efficiency of minimal invasive and percutaneous methods targeted to repair and replacement of the diseased valves has been searched for nowadays. The first clinical experiences and early stage outcomes on the applicability of these methods are encouraging. Nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that percutaneous valvular interventions are at their development stages. Long term confidence and efficiency studies of these treatment modalities are needed. The present review emphasizes the studies on percutaneous techniques initiated in the treatment of valvular heart diseases. ©Copyright 2009 by AVES Yayincilik Ltd

Flow cytometric analysis of the effects of methotrexate and vepesid on the HEp-2 cell cycle

Objective: To determine the mechanism of action of Methotrexate and Vepesid on the HEp-2 cells isolated from human laryngeal cancer cells morphologically and flow cytometrically (G1, G2, S and PI). Materials and Methods: The HEp-2 continuous cell line was used. Cultivation of the cells was realized in EMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum at an atmosphere of 37şC with 5% $CO_2$. Six different concentrations of Vepesid and Methotrexate were prepared by diluting with deionized water (5 $\mu$g/ml, 50 mg/ml, 500 $\mu$g/ml). The morphological and cell cycle parameters of HEp-2 cells were determined by inverted microscope and flow cytometer respectively. Results: In the morphological examination, Vepesid was found to have a more significant cytopathologic effect on the cells than Methotrexate, whereas in the flow cytometric examination, it was found that whilst Methotrexate stopped the cells at the S and G2 phases, Vepesid did that only at the G1 phase. Conclusion: Both the flow cytometric and cell morphological analysis showed Vepesid to be more effective than Methotrexate on HEp-2 cells. Results of studies conducted show the mechanism of action of these drugs to be dependent on the origin of the cell and on the drug type.Objective: To determine the mechanism of action of Methotrexate and Vepesid on the HEp-2 cells isolated from human laryngeal cancer cells morphologically and flow cytometrically (G1, G2, S and PI). Materials and Methods: The HEp-2 continuous cell line was used. Cultivation of the cells was realized in EMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum at an atmosphere of 37şC with 5% $CO_2$. Six different concentrations of Vepesid and Methotrexate were prepared by diluting with deionized water (5 $\mu$g/ml, 50 mg/ml, 500 $\mu$g/ml). The morphological and cell cycle parameters of HEp-2 cells were determined by inverted microscope and flow cytometer respectively. Results: In the morphological examination, Vepesid was found to have a more significant cytopathologic effect on the cells than Methotrexate, whereas in the flow cytometric examination, it was found that whilst Methotrexate stopped the cells at the S and G2 phases, Vepesid did that only at the G1 phase. Conclusion: Both the flow cytometric and cell morphological analysis showed Vepesid to be more effective than Methotrexate on HEp-2 cells. Results of studies conducted show the mechanism of action of these drugs to be dependent on the origin of the cell and on the drug type

Investigation of the anticancerogenic effect of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L.

The anticancerogenic activity of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. against continuous cell culture of HEp-2 cells derived from human laryngeal cancer was investigated. The effects of the essential oil was compared with the anticancerogenic effects of the Methotrexate (MTX) and Vepesid. The various concentrations of MTX, Vepesid and the essential oil on cells was examined by the morphological changes they induced on the cells and by flow cytometry analysis. The oils like MTX and Vepesid induced cytopathological changes. Whilst the essential oil terminated the cells of the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle, MTX was achieve at the S and G2 phases and Vepesid of the G1 phase was observed. These results show that the essential oil obtained from the M. officinalis L. has anticancerogenic effects