Molecular investigation of feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) and feline calicivirus in cats with respiratory system problem

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence / prevalence of these infections in FHV (Feline Herpesvirus) and FCV (Feline Calicivirus) suspected samples, to correlate them with reported symptoms and molecular characterization of these viruses. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a total of 119 specimens were collected from 70 from cats clinically showing respiratory system problem, 31 nasal, 30 conjunctival, 8 oral, 7 orafarengeal and 11 rectal swaps and 32 EDTA blood samples. Viral nucleic acid extraction was performed from the samples and the presence of these infections was investigated by PCR. Samples with positive results were subjected to sequence analysis for molecular characterization. Results: Sampled cats were evaluated as positive for 45.71% (32/70) FHV-1 and 10% (7/70) FCV. 4,29% (3/70) of these cats were positive for both infections. FHV-1 infection was more common in cats with respiratory system findings. While age-conscious cats were observed in all age groups; especially oral and / or orafarengeal swap samples were found to be sensitive samples in the diagnosis of both infections. Conclusion: These infections, as well as being seen in infected cats, can also be detected in healthy-looking animals and it should be noted that this should not be ignored in the transmission of these infections. Therefore, in order to reduce the severity of the clinical symptoms, to minimize the scattering and persistence, it is necessary to focus on the regular vaccination of the cats that live together, especially in the community. In addition, factors other than FHV and FCV (bacteria such as M.felis, C.felis, B.bronchoseptica) can be found in cats with respiratory, eye and oral lesions and these factors should be checked in infected cats

The in vivo and in vitro comparative nephrotoxicity of cefazolin and gentamicin

Biochemical, histopathological and cell culture evaluations compared the nephrotoxicity of cefazolin with that of gentamicin. New Zealand rabbits were dosed with 250 mg cefazolin/animal im twice daily, 3 mg gentamicin/kg im twice daily, or 0.9% NaCl solution for 10 d. The rabbits in drug-treated groups had necrosis of proximal kidney tubules and elevated urinary-gamma glutamyl transferase (uGGT) levels. The results of the histopathological examinations, uGGT analyses and effects in cell culture indicated the nephrotoxicities of both antibiotics were similar

A lumpy skin disease case in the southeast Turkey: A threat for Eurasia

WOS: 000466326300027Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a pox disease of cattle characterised by fever, nodules on the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs, emaciation, enlarged lymph nodes, oedema of the skin, and sometimes death. A disease form was observed in cattle in the Southeast Anatolia in 2013 and 2014 and suspected for LSD suspected by clinical examination. In this study, LSD has been defined by molecular virologic and histopathologic tests. A necropsy was undertaken and tissue samples were taken. Also, blood and tissue samples with biopsy punches were taken from animals having symptoms. Tissue and blood samples were examined molecularly and histopathologically while tissue samples were examined histopathologically. Positive amplification was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction and confirmed by sequencing in the extracted DNA's derived from tissues. Tissue samples were compatible with LSD histopathologically. The first official notification of LSD in Sanliurfa province of the Southeast of Turkey is determined. As a result, LSD could be treated northern territories in suitable climate conditions

Molecular investigation of Feline Herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) and Feline Calicivirus in cats with respiratory system problem

Amaç: Bu çalışmada FHV (Feline Herpesvirus) ve FCV (Feline Calicivirus) şüpheli örneklerde söz konusu enfeksiyonların varlığı/yaygınlığının araştırılması, bildirilen semptomlarla ilişkilendirilmesi ve bu virusların moleküler karakterizasyonu amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu amaçla klinik olarak solunum sistemi problemi gösteren toplam 70 kediden 31 nasal, 30 konjunktival, 8 oral, 7 orafarengeal ve 11 rektal swap ile 32 EDTA’lı kan örneği olmak üzere toplam 119 örnek alınmıştır. Alınan örneklerden viral nükleik asit ekstraksiyonu yapıldı ve söz konusu enfeksiyonların varlığı PCR ile araştırıldı. Pozitif bulunan örnekler moleküler karakterizasyon için dizin analizi işlemine tabi tutuldu. Bulgular: Örneklenen kedilerin toplam %45,71’i (32/70) FHV-1 ve %10’u (7/70) FCV nükleik asit varlığı yönünden pozitif olarak tespit edildi. Toplam pozitifliği bildirilen bu kedilerin, %4,29’i (3/70) her iki etken için birlikte pozitif olarak değerlendirildi. Örneklenen solunum sistemi bulgulu kedilerde FHV-1 enfeksiyonun daha yaygın olduğu görüldü; yaş bilgisi olan kedilerde enfeksiyonların her yaş grubunda oluştuğu gözlenirken; özellikle oral ve/veya orafarengeal swap örneklerinin her iki enfeksiyonun teşhisinde de duyarlı örnekler olduğu tespit edildi. Öneri: Bu enfeksiyonların, enfekte kedilerde görülmesinin yanı sıra sağlıklı görünümlü hayvanlarda da tespit edilebildiği ve söz konusu enfeksiyonların bulaşında bu durumun göz ardı edilmemesi gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle klinik belirtilerin şiddetinin azaltılması, saçılımın ve persistansın en aza indirgenmesi adına özellikle toplu yaşayan, dışarıda bir arada bulunan kedilerin düzenli aşılanması üzerinde durulmalıdır. Ayrıca FHV ve FCV dışındaki etkenlerin de (M.felis, C.felis, B.bronchoseptica gibi bakterilerIer) kedilerde solunum, göz ve oral lezyonlarda bulunabileceği unutulmamalı ve bu etkenler de enfekte kedilerde kontrol edilmelidir.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence / prevalence of these infections in FHV (Feline Herpesvirus) and FCV (Feline Calicivirus) suspected samples, to correlate them with reported symptoms and molecular characterization of these viruses. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a total of 119 specimens were collected from 70 from cats clinically showing respiratory system problem, 31 nasal, 30 conjunctival, 8 oral, 7 orafarengeal and 11 rectal swaps and 32 EDTA blood samples. Viral nucleic acid extraction was performed from the samples and the presence of these infections was investigated by PCR. Samples with positive results were subjected to sequence analysis for molecular characterization. Results: Sampled cats were evaluated as positive for 45.71% (32/70) FHV-1 and 10% (7/70) FCV. 4,29% (3/70) of these cats were positive for both infections. FHV-1 infection was more common in cats with respiratory system findings. While age-conscious cats were observed in all age groups; especially oral and / or orafarengeal swap samples were found to be sensitive samples in the diagnosis of both infections. Conclusion: These infections, as well as being seen in infected cats, can also be detected in healthy-looking animals and it should be noted that this should not be ignored in the transmission of these infections. Therefore, in order to reduce the severity of the clinical symptoms, to minimize the scattering and persistence, it is necessary to focus on the regular vaccination of the cats that live together, especially in the community. In addition, factors other than FHV and FCV (bacteria such as M.felis, C.felis, B.bronchoseptica) can be found in cats with respiratory, eye and oral lesions and these factors should be checked in infected cats

Perineural dexmedetomidine effects on sciatic nerve in rat

Abstract The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that high dose dexmedetomidine would increase the duration of antinociception to a thermal stimulus in a rat model of sciatic nerve blockade without causing nerve damage. The rats were anesthetized with isoflurane. After electromyography (EMG) recordings, right sciatic nerves were explored and perineural injections were delivered: Group D (n = 7), 40 µg µg kg-1 dexmedetomidine administration, Group II (n = 6), (0.2 mL) saline administration, Group III (n = 2), only surgically exploration of the right sciatic nevre. Time to paw withdrawal latency (PAW) to a thermal stimulus for both paws and an assessment of motor function were measured every 30 min after the nerve block until a return to baseline. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of right and left sciatic nerves were recorded 10 times per each nerve once more after perineural injections at 14 day. After EMG recordings, right and the part of left sciatic nerve were excised at a length of at minimum 15 mm for histopathological examination. Comparison of right/left CMAP amplitude ratios before and 14 days after the procedure showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). There were no differences in perineural inflammation between the Group D, Group S, and Group E at 14 days

Perineural dexmedetomidine effects on sciatic nerve in rat

Abstract The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that high dose dexmedetomidine would increase the duration of antinociception to a thermal stimulus in a rat model of sciatic nerve blockade without causing nerve damage. The rats were anesthetized with isoflurane. After electromyography (EMG) recordings, right sciatic nerves were explored and perineural injections were delivered: Group D (n = 7), 40 µg µg kg-1 dexmedetomidine administration, Group II (n = 6), (0.2 mL) saline administration, Group III (n = 2), only surgically exploration of the right sciatic nevre. Time to paw withdrawal latency (PAW) to a thermal stimulus for both paws and an assessment of motor function were measured every 30 min after the nerve block until a return to baseline. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of right and left sciatic nerves were recorded 10 times per each nerve once more after perineural injections at 14 day. After EMG recordings, right and the part of left sciatic nerve were excised at a length of at minimum 15 mm for histopathological examination. Comparison of right/left CMAP amplitude ratios before and 14 days after the procedure showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). There were no differences in perineural inflammation between the Group D, Group S, and Group E at 14 days

Headache as the sole presenting symptom of cerebral venous sinuses thrombosis: Subgroup analysis of data from the VENOST study

Objectives: Headache is the most common complaint in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and it may sometimes be the only symptom in these patients. This retrospective and prospective study was an investigation of any differences in terms of clinical risk factors, radiological findings, or prognosis in patients with CVST who presented with isolated headache (IH) and cases with other concomitant findings (non-isolated headache [NIH]). Methods: A total of 1144 patients from a multicenter study of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis ( VENOST study) were enrolled in this research. The demographic, biochemical, clinical, and radiological aspects of 287 IH cases and 857 NIH cases were compared. Results: There were twice as many women as men in the study group. In the IH group, when gender distribution was evaluated by age group, no statistically significant difference was found. The onset of headache was frequently subacute and chronic in the IH group, but an acute onset was more common in the NIH group. Other neurological findings were observed in 29% of the IH group during follow-up. A previous history of deep, cerebral, or other venous thromboembolism was less common in the IH group than in the NIH group. Transverse sinus involvement was greater in the IH group, whereas sagittal sinus involvement was greater in the NIH group. The presence of a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) mutation was significantly greater in the IH group. Conclusion: IH and CVST should be kept in mind if a patient has subacute or chronic headache. PAI, which has an important role in thrombolytic events, may be a risk factor in CVST. Detailed hematological investigations should be considered. Additional studies are needed

Assessment of Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage or Hemorrhagic Transformation in the VENOST Study

PubMed: 33130674Introduction: Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) may lead to cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure; besides, ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions may develop. Intracerebral hemorrhages occur in approximately one-third of CVST patients. We assessed and compared the findings of the cerebral hemorrhage (CH) group and the CVST group. Materials and Methods: in the VENOST study, medical records of 1,193 patients with CVST, aged over 18 years, were obtained from 35 national stroke centers. Demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, signs at the admission, radiological findings, etiologic factors, acute and maintenance treatment, and outcome results were reported. the number of involved sinuses or veins, localizations of thrombus, and lesions on CT and MRI scans were recorded. Results: CH was detected in the brain imaging of 241 (21.1%) patients, as hemorrhagic infarction in 198 patients and intracerebral hemorrhage in 43 patients. Gynecologic causes comprised the largest percentage (41.7%) of etiology and risk factors in the CVST group. in the CH group, headache associated with other neurological symptoms was more frequent. These neurological symptoms were epileptic seizures (46.9%), nausea and/or vomiting (36.5%), altered consciousness (36.5%), and focal neurological deficits (33.6%). mRS was ?3 in 23.1% of the patients in the CH group. Discussion and Conclusion: CVST, an important cause of stroke in the young, should be monitored closely if the patients have additional symptoms of headache, multiple sinus involvement, and CH. Older age and parenchymal lesion, either hemorrhagic infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage, imply poor outcome. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel. All rights reserved