Asymmetric effects of the defense burden on environmental degradation: Evidence from NATO countries

MakaleWOS:000908863500001Rapid industrialization tends to occur at the expense of natural resources. Thus, countries are inclined to control natural resources for their development objectives, which may create conflicts when countries allocate scarce resources to national defense. As a major military block, NATO poses a potential threat to environmental degradation, as it comprises large industrialized arms manufacturers and military spenders. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the asymmetric effects of the defense burden on environmental degradation, which has rarely been studied in the empirical literature. Panel ARDL and NARDL methodologies were used to analyze the period 1965–2018 for the 15 oldest members of NATO. The findings of the panel ARDL analysis do not indicate any significant effect of the defense burden (ME) on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in the long term. On the other hand, panel NARDL analysis indicates that the effect of the defense burden on carbon emissions is asymmetric; a 1% negative change in ME leads to a 0.08% drop in CO2 emissions in the long term. In line with these findings, the results of panel causality tests verify the validity of the treadmill of destruction theory

Fungal systematics and evolution : FUSE 6

Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the “fusion” between morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and three new combinations. The new genus is: Pseudozeugandromyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Laboulbeniales). The new species are: Albatrellopsis flettioides from Pakistan, Aureoboletus garciae from Mexico, Entomophila canadense from Canada, E. frigidum from Sweden, E. porphyroleucum from Vietnam, Erythrophylloporus flammans from Vietnam, Marasmiellus boreoorientalis from Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, Marasmiellus longistipes from Pakistan, Pseudozeugandromyces tachypori on Tachyporus pusillus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Belgium, Robillarda sohagensis from Egypt, Trechispora hondurensis from Honduras, and Tricholoma kenanii from Turkey. The new records are: Arthrorhynchus eucampsipodae on Eucampsipoda africanum (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Rwanda and South Africa, and on Nycteribia vexata (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria; A. nycteribiae on Eucampsipoda africanum from South Africa, on Penicillidia conspicua (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria (the first undoubtful country record), and on Penicillidia pachymela from Tanzania; Calvatia lilacina from Pakistan; Entoloma shangdongense from Pakistan; Erysiphe quercicola on Ziziphus jujuba (Rosales, Rhamnaceae) and E. urticae on Urtica dioica (Rosales, Urticaceae) from Pakistan; Fanniomyces ceratophorus on Fannia canicularis (Diptera, Faniidae) from the Netherlands; Marasmiellus biformis and M. subnuda from Pakistan; Morchella anatolica from Turkey; Ophiocordyceps ditmarii on Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from Austria; and Parvacoccum pini on Pinus cembra (Pinales, Pinaceae) from Austria. The new combinations are: Appendiculina gregaria, A. scaptomyzae, and Marasmiellus rodhallii. Analysis of an LSU dataset of Arthrorhynchus including isolates of A. eucampsipodae from Eucampsipoda africanum and Nycteribia spp. hosts, revealed that this taxon is a complex of multiple species segregated by host genus. Analysis of an SSU–LSU dataset of Laboulbeniomycetes sequences revealed support for the recognition of four monophyletic genera within Stigmatomyces sensu lato: Appendiculina, Fanniomyces, Gloeandromyces, and Stigmatomyces sensu stricto. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of Rhytismataceae based on ITS–LSU ribosomal DNA resulted in a close relationship of Parvacoccum pini with Coccomyces strobi.http://www.sydowia.at/index.htmpm2021Medical Virolog

A POEM OF HÜDAİ AND A LOCUTION PROPOSAL

Some poems are names’ dictionary related with stories, or a kind of missive which mentions the important sides of folk stories. This kind of poems are texts used for datation and for forming the story’s geography. If we exclude the works which have the same character with şairname, the first example of a new kind offered as hikayename will be introduced to science world via this work

The mitological relationship of some idioms and proverbs with place names/ ground

Bilindiği üzere Türkçede yer ile ilgili deyim ve atasözleri oldukça yaygın bir kullanısa sahiptir. Bu anlatı kalıpları yaygınlığının yanı sıra, olumsuz anlamlar tasımaları açısından ilgi çekicidirler. Söz konusu bu anlatı kalıplarındaki olumsuz anlamlandırmanın rastgele olmadığı, dahası mitolojideki yer iyelerine bağlı bazı kalıntılar olduğu kanaatindeyiz. Bundan dolayıdır ki; bu makalede yer ile ilgili deyim ve atasözlerinin mitoloji ile bağlantısı ele alınmaktadır.It is known that proverbs and idioms which are related to ground have well-known usage. This narrative forms are interesting since they have negative senses besides being well-known. We have the opinion that this narrative forms are not coincidence in negative interpretation and are residues related to ground possessors in mythology. In this the relation between mythology and proverbs and idioms related to are discussed

Hüdaî’nin Bir Şiiri ve Bir Terim Teklifi

Bazı şiirler, halk hikâyelerinin öne çıkan taraflarından bahseden bir nevi tezkire veya hikâyelerle ilgili isimler sözlüğüdür. Bu türden manzumeler, halk hikâyesi çalışmalarında tarihleme ve hikâyenin coğrafyasını oluşturmada kullanılabilecek metinlerdir. Benzer mantıkla oluşturulmuş şairname niteliğindeki eserleri hariç tutacak olursak hikâyename olarak teklif etmekte olduğumuz yeni bir türün ilk örneği, bu çalışmayla bilim âlemine tanıtılmış olacaktır. Some poems are names’ dictionary related with stories, or a kind of missive which mentions the important sides of folk stories. This kind of poems are texts used for datation and for forming the story’s geography. If we exclude the works which have the same character with şairname, the first example of a new kind offered as hikayename will be introduced to science world via this work

Mythological Elements in Same Narratives About Nasreddin Hodja

Şimdiye kadar Nasreddin Hoca fıkralarına çok çeşitli açılar-dan bakılmış, ancak Hoca’nın mitolojiyle ilgisinin olup olmadığı tartışıl-mamıştır. Bu çalışmada; Hocayla ilgili fıkralar ve bir efsanede yer alan mitolojiyle alakalı motifler incelenmiştir. Hoca’nın ağaçtan öteye yol ol-ması, eski ayın kırpılıp yıldız yapılması, kurbanın kemiklerinden tekrar diriltilmesi, tavukların yas tutması, oğlak burcunun teke olması, ceviz a-ğacında kabağın niçin bitmediği, devenin niçin kanatlı olmadığı ve insan-ların niçin tek yöne gitmedikleriyle ilgili fıkraları mitolojiyle alakalı fıkra-lardır. Bu fıkralar önemli kaynaklarda yer alan mitolojik delillerle açık-lanmıştır. İncelemeye tabi tutulan fıkralarından hareketle Hoca’nın belirli bir mitoloji bilgisine sahip olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Çalışmayla, Hoca’nın bilinmeyen bir yönünü daha ortaya çıkarılmış olmaktadır.Nasreddin Hodja’s jokes have been examined in many different point of views so far, but have never beeen discussed if they are related to mythology or not. In this study motifs concerning Nasreddin Hodja’s jokes and a legend which are related to mythology were studied. Nasreddin Hodja’s jokes like “There is no way beyond tree, stars which are made from old moon by cutting it, sacrificed animal which is revived from its bones, mouring chickens, capricorn which becomes billy goat, reason of why there is no squash on walnut tree, why camel has no wing and why people don’t go in the same direction” are related to mythology. These jokes have been commented by the mythological evidences found in important sources. We can say that Hodja had mythology knowledge after examining these jokes. With this study an unknown side of Hodja is discovered

A Mitological Analyses of a Saying 'Being Bangs Kid of Celastial Goat'

"Gök keçinin püsküllü oğlağı olmak", atasözü ve deyim kaynaklarına girmemiş orijinal bir deyimdir. Mersin'in Gülnar ilçesi Kııskan kasabasının söz varlığında yer alan bu deyim, ayrıcalıklı insan olmakla ilgili durumları anlatmak için kullanılır. Deyim, kullanıldığı yer ve durumlardan çok içerisindeki mitolojik ipuçlarından dolayı ilgi çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu deyimin mitolojik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır."Being bangs kid of celastial goat" is an original idiom which has yet to enter into the sources of proverbs and idioms. This idiom is used among the idioms of Kuskan Village of Gülnar Town in Mersin to express the situation of being privilaged human. The idiom draws attention because of the mythological hints that it has but not because of the situations and places it is used. In this study mythological evaluation of this idiom is discussed