Ionizing Radiation Used in Drug Sterilization, Characterization of Radical Intermediates by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Analyses

In this study, the feasibility of radiation sterilization of drugs/drug raw materials is investigated by using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Experimental data and their theoretical correspondings are presented for Sulfanilamide (SA), Sulfafurazole (SFZ), Sulfatiazole (STZ), Sulfacetamide Sodium (SS), Sulfamethazine (SMH), Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA), and Albendazole (ALB). Unirradiated samples exhibited no ESR signal whereas the irradiated samples showed ESR spectra consisting of different number of resonance lines indicating that radiolytic intermediates were produced upon irradiation. Increase in the absorbed dose did not create any pattern change in the ESR spectra of these samples. The results of ESR microwave power studies indicated that saturation is observed to be faster for the studies held below room temperatures. Low radiation yield (G=0.1-0.5) calculated by ESR data for the gamma-irradiated samples showed that these materials can not be used as sensitive dosimetric materials. No significant differences were observed between FT-IR spectra of the unirradiated and irradiated samples and this result is considered to be in agreement with the relatively small G value derived from ESR studies. The decay rates of the ESR peak heights of the samples irradiated at different doses and stored at normal and stability conditions were found to be independent of the irradiation doses. The contributing radical species were determined to decay with different decay characteristics and the decay rates but decaying faster at stability conditions. The discrimination of the samples irradiated at even a low absorbed dose from unirradiated samples was possible for a long storage time after irradiation. Cooling the sample temperature down to room temperature did not create any pattern change in the ESR spectra of irradiated samples except slight reversible increases in the peak heights and at high temperatures irreversible decreases in the peaks heights were observed. Annealing studies indicated that the decay rates of the radical species at high temperatures were higher than the decay rates at low temperatures and the decay activation energies for the radical species were calculated by using Arrhenius plots. Spectrum simulation calculations were also performed and it was concluded that, the molecular ionic fragments and ionic radicals were the main responsible units from the resonance lines of ESR spectra of the gamma-irradiated sulfanomides such as SA, SFZ, STZ, SS, and SMH. Besides these two radical species, some other radical types were also likely produced after irradiation in STZ, SS, and SMH. Besides these two radical species, some other radical types were also likely produced after irradiation in STZ, SS and SMH. As for BHA and ALB, again two other type radical species were believed to produce upon irradiation. Basing on the derived experimental and theoretical data it was concluded that SA, SFZ, STZ, SS, SMH, BHA, and ALB could be safely sterilized by gamma radiation up to permitted drug sterilization radiation doses without causing high amount of molecular damages upon irradiation, and ESR spectroscopy could be used as a potential technique in monitoring the radiosterilization of the drugs, drug raw materials, and drug delivery systems containg present samples as active ingredient

An Esr Study on Fingernail As a Biological Dosimeter

Scopu

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Otomatik Olumsuz Düşünceleri Klinik Kararlarını Etkiliyor mu?

Amaç: Bu araştırmada hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin otomatik olumsuz düşünceleri ve klinik karar verme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı araştırmanın evrenini 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim dönemi Güz yarıyılında Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi hemşirelik bölümüne kayıtlı 2., 3. ve 4. sınıfında öğrenim gören 428 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden evrenin tümü çalışma kapsamına alındığı için herhangi bir örneklem seçimi yöntemine gidilmemiş, araştırma 343 öğrenci (%80) ile tamamlanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan Tanıtıcı Bilgiler Formu, “Otomatik Düşünceler Ölçeği (ODÖ)” ve “Hemşirelikte Klinik Karar Verme Ölçeği (HKKVÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü öğrencilere çalışmanın amacı ve anket formu açıklandıktan sonra yazılı izinleri alınmıştır. Veriler, öğretim elemanları gözetiminde ders saati içerisinde öğrenciler tarafından doldurularak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi SPSS 20 paket programında tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler (frekans ve yüzdelikler), bağımsız gruplarda Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal- Wallis H testi ve pearson korelasyon analizi ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü’nden kurum izni, Girişimsel Olmayan Araştırmalar Etik Kurul’undan gerekli izinler alınmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada ODÖ cronbach’s alpha değeri 0.96, HKKVÖ cronbach’s alpha değeri 0.85 bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin ODÖ toplam puan ortalaması 52.82±21.22, HKKVÖ toplam puan ortalaması 138.88±16.09 olarak saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin ODÖ ile HKKVÖ toplam puan ortalamaları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada erkek olan, ailesi otoriter tutumda olan, hemşirelik bölümünü istemeyerek seçen, emosyonel anlamda kendini kötü hisseden, hasta bireylerle ilişkilerinde çok fazla güçlük yaşayan, hemşirelik mesleğine yönelik olumsuz düşüncelere sahip olan, aldığı teorik bilgileri uygulamada kullanmadığını ifade eden öğrencilerin ODÖ toplam puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek, HKKVÖ toplam puan ortalamalarının ise daha düşük olduğu ve gruplar arasında farkın önemli olduğu saptanmıştır (p&lt;0.05). Araştırmada ayrıca klinik uygulamalarda sorun yaşadığını, fiziksel olarak kötü olduğunu, hemşirelik mesleğini sevmediğini ifade eden öğrencilerin ODÖ toplam puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek, arkadaşlarıyla birlikte evde kaldığını, hiç kitap okumadığını ifade eden öğrencilerin ise HKKVÖ toplam puan ortalamalarının ise daha düşük olduğu ve gruplar arasında farkın önemli olduğu saptanmıştır (p&lt;0.05). Sonuç: Araştırmada hemşirelik öğrencilerin olumsuz otomatik düşüncelerinin klinik karar vermelerini etkilediği bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin etkili klinik kararlar alabilmesi için olumsuz otomatik düşüncelerinin ortaya çıkartılması, pozitif bakış açısının geliştirilmesi için eğitim ve danışmanlık programların planlanması önerilebilir.ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Hemşirelik öğrencisi, Klinik karar verme, Otomatik olumsuz düşünce</p

Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, clinical manifestations, and prognostic values: as case series audit

Abstract Background Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) is a rare disorder with a high mortality rate. In this study, we reported four rare cases, two of them being the first reports in the literature, in addition, we reviewed retrospectively and discussed the effects of causative fungi, comorbid disorders, and intracranial involvement on mortality rate in 20 IFRS patients treated in the otolaryngology clinic between May 2019 and May 2021. Results There were 10 (50%) males and 10 females with a median age of 51 years. Seven patients had rhinomaxillary, 11 had rhino-orbito-cerebral IFRS, and two had atypical presentations that could not be classified. The most frequent comorbid condition was diabetes mellitus (DM), and the most frequent causative fungi were Mucormycetes. There was no difference between DM and other comorbidity groups for orbital involvement (p = 0.37), intracranial involvement (p = 0.17), hard palate involvement (p = 1), cranial nerve palsies (p = 0.17), causative fungi (p = 0.14), or mortality (p = 0.35). Mucormycetes and other fungi were similar for orbital involvement (p = 0.34), intracranial involvement (p = 0.16), hard palate involvement (p = 0.64), and mortality rate (p=0.35); however, cranial nerve palsies were significantly more frequent in Mucormycetes group (p = 0.04). Conclusions Urgent diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment are mandatory in IFRS. Due to its high mortality rate, IFRS should always be kept in mind in cases with atypical presentation, particularly if the patient is in the risk group. The current gold standard in IFRS management is urgent wide surgical debridement and concomitant administration of antifungals

A comparative study of receptor-targeted magnetosome and HSA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as MRI contrast-enhancing agent in animal cancer model

WOS: 000431499100008PubMed: 29082480Magnetosomes are specialized organelles arranged in intracellular chains in magnetotactic bacteria. The superparamagnetic property of these magnetite crystals provides potential applications as contrast-enhancing agents for magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, we compared two different nanoparticles that are bacterial magnetosome and HSA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for targeting breast cancer. Both magnetosomes and HSA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles were chemically conjugated to fluorescent-labeled anti-EGFR antibodies. Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles were able to bind the MDA-MB-231 cell line, as assessed by flow cytometry. To compare the cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles, MTT assay was used, and according to the results, HSA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles were less cytotoxic to breast cancer cells than magnetosomes. Magnetosomes were bound with higher rate to breast cancer cells than HSA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. While 250 mu g/ml of magnetosomes was bound 92 +/- 0.2%, 250 mu g/ml of HSA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles was bound with a rate of 65 +/- 5%. In vivo efficiencies of these nanoparticles on breast cancer generated in nude mice were assessed by MRI imaging. Anti-EGFR-modified nanoparticles provide higher resolution images than unmodified nanoparticles. Also, magnetosome with anti-EGFR produced darker image of the tumor tissue in T2-weighted MRI than HSA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with anti-EGFR. In vivo MR imaging in a mouse breast cancer model shows effective intratumoral distribution of both nanoparticles in the tumor tissue. However, magnetosome demonstrated higher distribution than HSA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles according to fluorescence microscopy evaluation. According to the results of in vitro and in vivo study results, magnetosomes are promising for targeting and therapy applications of the breast cancer cells.Hacettepe University [014BIYB604002]This study was supported by Hacettepe University. Project number is 014BIYB604002

Current practices of craniospinal irradiation techniques in Turkey: a comprehensive dosimetric analysis

Objective: This study evaluates various craniospinal irradiation (CSI) techniques used in Turkish centers to understand their advantages, disadvantages and overall effectiveness, with a focus on enhancing dose distribution. Methods: Anonymized CT scans of adult and pediatric patients, alongside target volumes and organ-at-risk (OAR) structures, were shared with 25 local radiotherapy centers. They were tasked to develop optimal treatment plans delivering 36 Gy in 20 fractions with 95% PTV coverage, while minimizing OAR exposure. The same CT data was sent to a US proton therapy center for comparison. Various planning systems and treatment techniques (3D conformal RT, IMRT, VMAT, tomotherapy) were utilized. Elekta Proknow software was used to analyze parameters, assess dose distributions, mean doses, conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI) for both target volumes and OARs. Comparisons were made against proton therapy. Results: All techniques consistently achieved excellent PTV coverage (V95 > 98%) for both adult and pediatric patients. Tomotherapy closely approached ideal Dmean doses for all PTVs, while 3D-CRT had higher Dmean for PTV_brain. Tomotherapy excelled in CI and HI for PTVs. IMRT resulted in lower pediatric heart, kidney, parotid, and eye doses, while 3D-CRT achieved the lowest adult lung doses. Tomotherapy approached proton therapy doses for adult kidneys and thyroid, while IMRT excelled for adult heart, kidney, parotid, esophagus, and eyes. Conclusion: Modern radiotherapy techniques offer improved target coverage and OAR protection. However, 3D techniques are continued to be used for CSI. Notably, proton therapy stands out as the most efficient approach, closely followed by Tomotherapy in terms of achieving superior target coverage and OAR protection