Evaluation of effective communication skills of nurses working in the COVİD-19 process

Araştırma COVİD-19 sürecinde çalışan hemşirelerin etkili iletişim becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesine yönelik tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tarzda yapılmıştır. Araştırma Kahramanmaraş Necip Fazıl Şehir Hastanesi ve Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık İlçe Devlet Hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerden araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 398 hemşire ile tamamlandı. Araştırmanın verileri; araştırmacı tarafından literatür taraması ile oluşturulan, "Kişisel Bilgi Formu" ve "Etkili İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği" kullanılarak elde edildi. Etkili İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği toplam puan üzerinden değerlendirilmeyip, alt boyutlardan alınan puanlara göre değerlendirilmektedir. Verilerin normal dağılıma uygun olup olmadığı Fisher skewness-kurtosis (basıklık-çarpıklık) değeri ile değerlendirildi. Ölçek ortalamaları ile bazı verilerin karşılaştırılmasında non parametrik testlerden Kruskall-Wallis ve Mann Whitney U testleri ve pearson korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Ölçek güvenirliği için Cronbach Alfa testi kullanıldı. Veriler %95 güven aralığında 0.05 hata payı ile anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesi SPSS 24.0 paket programı ile yapıldı. Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin etkili iletişim becerileri ölçeği (EİBÖ), "Egoyu Geliştirici Dil" alt boyut puan ortalamaları 23.62±3.49 ve orta düzeyin üstündedir. "Etkin Dinleme" alt boyut puan ortalamaları 33.92±4.58 ve yüksek düzeydedir. "Kendini Tanıma/Kendini Açma" alt boyut puan ortalamaları 18.55±3.56 ve orta düzeyin üstündedir. "Empati" alt boyut puan ortalamaları 31.23±4.62 ve yüksek düzeydedir. "Ben Dili" kullanma alt boyut puan ortalamaları 22.12±4.38 ve orta düzeyin üstündedir. Genel olarak değerlendirilecek olursa araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin COVİD-19 sürecinde etkili iletişim becerileri yüksek düzeyde bulundu. Bu sonuca dayanılarak hemşirelerin etkili iletişim becerilerini güncel tutmak ve daha da geliştirmek amacıyla hizmet içi eğitim programlarında, üniversite ders müfredatında iletişim derslerine gerekli önemin verilmesi önerildi.The research was conducted in a descriptive-sectional style to evaluate the effective communication skills of nurses working in the COVID-19 process and to determine the affecting factors. The research was completed with 398 nurses working at Kahramanmaraş Necip Fazıl City Hospital and Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık District State Hospital, who agreed to participate in the research. The research was conducted in a descriptive-sectional style to evaluate the effective communication skills of nurses working in the COVID-19 process and to determine the affecting factors. The Research data was obtained by using the "Personal Information Form" and "Effective Communication Skills Scale", which were created by the researcher through a literature review. The Effective Communication Skills Scale is not evaluated over the total score but is evaluated according to the scores obtained from the sub-dimensions. Whether the data were suitable for normal distribution was evaluated with the Fisher skewness-kurtosis value. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann Whitney U tests, and Pearson correlation analysis, which are nonparametric tests, were used to compare the scale averages and some data. Cronbach Alpha test was used for scale reliability. The data were considered significant with a margin of error of 0.05 at the 95% confidence interval. Statistical evaluation of the data was done with SPSS 24.0 package program. The effective communication skills of the nurses who participated in the study (EİBÖ), "Ego Enhancing Language" sub-dimension mean score was 23.62±3.49 and above the medium level. "Active Listening" sub-dimension mean score is 33.92±4.58 and high. "Self-Knowledge/Disclosure" sub-dimension mean score is 18.55±3.56 and above the medium level. The mean score of the Self-Knowledge/Disclosure sub-dimension is 18.55±3.56, which is above the medium level. "Empathy" sub-dimension mean score was 31.23±4.62 and high. The mean scores of using the "I Language" sub-dimension are 22.12±4.38 and above the medium level. To be evaluated in general, the effective communication skills of the nurses participating in the study were found to be at a high level during the COVID-19 process. Based on this result, it was recommended to give the necessary importance to communication courses in in-service training programs and university curriculum to keep nurse's effective communication skills up-to-date and further develop them

Effects of pesticides on non-target invertebrates in arable crops and field boundaries

Data are presented from experimental work carried out under two inter-related projects. The first project concerned the role of an outer unsprayed six-metres of cereal crop (`Conservation Headland') in reducing the effects of pesticide drift into field boundaries, potentially ameliorating the harmful environmental effects on beneficial arthropods. The findings showed that such strips substantially reduced drift, giving `added value' to a farm management technique already shown, because of the improved habitat it represented, to benefit populations of gamebirds, butterflies and predatory arthropods. The second part of this drift-related work was to evaluate the toxicity of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin at `drift' levels to Lepidoptera larvae (Pieris brassicae and P.rapae) in the laboratory. A model predicting mortality at given levels of drift indicated high levels of short-term risk to larvae exposed to rates of drift deposition recorded in the field. The potential of buffer zones to reduce the toxicological impact of spray drift in the field is discussed. The second half of the overall programme was a project set up by the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food to investigate the long-term effects of pesticide use on non-target invertebrates in arable crops. This involved monitoring the arthropod populations from three farms, in each of which fields were split into `Reduced Input Approach' (RIA) and `Current Farm Practice' (CFP) treatments. The main sampling method used was pitfall trapping. There was one `baseline' year of data collection before the treatments were established. Data from the first three treatment years of this long-term project indicated that most damage to populations of beneficial arthropods was done by autumn- and winter-applied broad-spectrum insecticides. Supporting ecological and toxicological studies were carried out to help interpret the results from the field monitoring, in particular in terms of the experimental design of the project.</p

Effect of atmospheric condition on the thermal decomposition kinetics and thermodynamics of lead acetate trihydrate

560-569In this study thermal decomposition routes and kinetics of lead acetate triydrate are compared in inert (nitrogen) and reactive (oxygen) atmospheres by using thermogravimetric method. The decomposition proceeds with five consecutive stages in the both the atmospheres. The first four stages occur similarly in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres and the same intermediates are formed. However, the last stage, differs according to the furnace atmosphere. The mixture of PbO and small amount metallic Pb is the final product in nitrogen atmosphere whereas the mixture of PbO and Pb3O4 is the final product in oxygen atmosphere. X-ray powder diffraction method is used in identify of these products. Kinetic calculations of all stages are realized by using Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) model free methods. These methods are combined with modeling equations to find the effective model and to calculate thermodynamic parameters. It is found that all reactions show good harmony with the nucleation models although their indexes are different

Sci Total Environ

The 2014 follow-up of the Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS II) consisted of 338 surviving participants from the 2005-2007 baseline study (ACHS) who had previous polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) measurements, were not pregnant, and were not institutionalized. Questionnaires and blood samples provided the demographic, personal history, and chemical concentration data of the Anniston residents. Approximately 51% of participants were African American, 72% were female, and the mean age was 63\u202fyears old. The objectives of this study were to provide an exposure assessment of dioxin-like chemicals in the ACHS II participants and compare the measurements with the general United States (U.S.) population via the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Stratified analyses revealed significantly higher average total dioxin toxic equivalencies (TEQs) among African Americans compared to Whites (33.1 vs. 19.2\u202fpg/g lipid), and in females compared to males (29.8 vs. 17.0\u202fpg/g lipid). When adjusting for age, sex, and race in linear regression, we found ACHS II participants to have significantly higher total dioxin TEQ than the general 2014 U.S. population that we estimated for using half-life and NHANES 2003/04 data (most recent NHANES individual samples data), by 16.7\u202fpg/g lipid. Principal component analyses showed that non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs were separated from the other dioxin-like chemicals among the Anniston residents, whereas the chemicals were all clustered together for estimated NHANES 2014. The concentrations of dioxin-like chemicals, especially non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs, in Anniston residents who resided near the former PCB production plant were higher than those in the general U.S.|Although data strongly supported this difference, these inferences are limited because NHANES 2013/14 data were unavailable and we used estimated NHANES 2014 levels that we imputed from NHANES 2003/04 data in conjunction with half-life values estimated from Milbrath et al., 2009.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United StatesU50 TS473215/TS/ATSDR CDC HHS/United StatesZ99 ES999999/NULL/Intramural NIH HHS/United States2019-10-01T00:00:00Z29763869PMC62366746705vault:3112

Overwintering populations of beetle larvae (Coleoptera) in cereal fields and their contribution to adult populations in the spring

Although the ecology and distribution of adult beetles on farmland has been studied extensively, rather little is known of the ecology of their immature stages. Many species are important predators of crop pests and considerable interest has been shown in providing overwintering refuges from which they may colonise the crop in the spring. We present evidence that for at least one common species, and possibly a second, populations of larvae that have overwintered in the open field are major contributors to adult spring populations. During winter and spring 1998, larval and adult beetles were collected by barriered pitfall traps in cereal fields. During the winter, Carabidae larvae were most commonly caught, with the surface-active larvae of Nebria brevicollis being the most numerous. These were distributed randomly across fields with an activity-density of the same order of magnitude as that of adults caught subsequently in June. Thus a large proportion of the adults probably developed within the field, rather than invading from field boundaries. This is further supported since many of the beetles caught in the early summer were tenerals, indicating that they had recently hatched. For Pterostichus melanarius, catches of larvae in winter were much lower than subsequent adult catches, but again a high percentage of just-hatched tenerals in the field in June suggested that this species had overwintered in high numbers as larvae within the soil, confirming the findings of earlier studies. Larvae of this species are mostly active below the soil surface, which is probably why few were caught. If our suggestions about the importance of overwintering larvae in winter cereal fields are correct, then such open field populations should be taken into account when trying to enhance adult carabid numbers in summer