Metavesolje, spletne skupnosti in (resnični) mestni prostor

Pandemija covida-19 je pospešila tehnološki razvoj in naložbe v tehnologijo, na podlagi česar se je oblikoval alternativni svet, ki omogoča izvajanje raznih aktivnosti in doživljanje raznovrstnih izkušenj na spletu. V ospredje prihaja pojem metavesolja, ki omogoča hkratno doživljanje resničnih in virtualnih izkušenj, ne glede na čas in prostor, v katerem je uporabnik, ter deluje kot posrednik in sredstvo, ki združuje resnično in virtualno okolje. Avtorica na podlagi sinteze in prilagoditve teorije družbeno-prostorske dialektike obravnava možne vplive razvoja metavesolja na (resnični) mestni prostor. Poda splošno oceno družbeno-prostorskih vplivov metavesolja in odpre prostor razpravi o tem vprašanju. Na podlagi pregleda literature ugotavlja, da naj bi tehnološki dosežki, kot je metavesolje, preuredili fizične in virtualne družbeno-prostorske odnose, z njihovo uporabo pa naj bi se oblikovale tudi nove družbeno-tehnološke skupine

Characterization of hypovirulent isolates of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica from the Marmara and Black Sea regions of Turkey

Chestnut blight caused by the introduced fungus Cryphonectria parasitica has been responsible for the decline of Castanea sativa in Turkey since the 1960s. In this study, 72 C. parasitica isolates were recovered from the Marmara and Black Sea regions of Turkey showing white or cream-coloured culture morphology and were subjected to various tests to determine if they were infected by Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1). The vast majority of the isolates (69 out of 72) were vc type EU-1. Both mating types were found among a subsample of the isolates. The hypovirus was detected in 55 isolates by dsRNA extraction and/or virus specific RT-PCR on total RNA extracts. All but one isolates showed no or only weak phenol oxidase activity on agar medium containing tannic acid, typical of CHV-1 infected isolates. Through sequencing of a specific region of the hypovirus genome, we found that 24 hypovirus isolates belonged to the CHV-1 subtype I and six to the CHV-1 subtype F2. The distribution of the two CHV-1 subtypes in Turkey showed a clear geographic pattern. CHV-1 subtype I was only detected in the Marmara and western Black Sea region, whereas subtype F2 was restricted to the eastern part of the Black Sea region. The effectiveness of 23 hypovirulent isolates was tested against a virulent isolate on 2-3years old chestnut sprouts. Ten hypovirulent isolates, all infected by CHV-1 subtype I, prevented canker development by more than 80% suggesting that they might be suitable for biological control of chestnut blight in Turke

Experimental transmission trials by Cacopsylla pyri, collected from pear decline infected orchards in Turkey

A study was carried out on the experimental transmission efficiency of the Pear Decline (PD) phytoplasma by Cacopsylla pyri (L.), collected from naturally infected orchards from Bursa and non-infected orchard from Hatay province of Turkey. C. pyri adults captured from infected orchards were directly transmitted to healthy periwinkle plants (Catharanthus roseus) whereas the second group firstly fed on infected pear for two weeks and then transferred to periwinkles. Groups of five psyllids per plant were used for transmissison tests and the study was replicated three times. The presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ in psyllids and C. roseus plants was analysed by nested PCR using P1/P7 and U3/U5 primer pairs.. Although C. pyri has limited host range, they were able to survive up to 20 days on periwinkles. Insects collected from Bursa province survived 16-20 days whereas second group from Hatay were survived 7-12 days on periwinkles. Symptoms consist of a yellowing or clearing of the veins in newly infected leaves and shortening of the internodes of the main stem. They also remain stunted and flowers were small. According to the RFLP analysis of Bursa samples, the experimental infection rate of periwinkle plants and psyllids was 33.3 % and 16.6 %, respectively. No infected periwinkle was found in second group but psyllids were 33.3 % infected. Transmission trials under controlled conditions showed the capability of C. pyri to transmit PD from infected pears to healthy periwinkles and confirmed as vector of Ca. P. pyri in Turkey.Keywords: Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri, pear psyllid, transmission efficienc

The metaverse, online communities, and (real) urban space

With the COVID-19 pandemic, technological advancements and investments accelerated to create an alternative to the real world that makes it possible for various activities and experiences to be handled online. Among these developments, the metaverse comes to the fore because it makes possible real and virtual experiences simultaneously, regardless of the time and space the user exists in, and it acts as a mediator and medium to bring these two environments together. This article discusses the possible impacts of advancements in the metaverse on (real) urban space considering the socio-spatial dialectic through theory synthesis and adaptation. An overall evaluation of the socio-spatial impacts of this is also included and opened up for discussion. Based on a literature review, it is expected that technological developments like the metaverse will introduce a new organization to physical and virtual socio-spatial relations, and new socio-technological groups will be created in them and by using them

Experimental transmission trials by Cacopsylla pyri, collected from Pear Decline infected orchards in Turkey

A study was carried out on the experimental transmission efficiency of the Pear Decline (PD) phytoplasma by Cacopsylla pyri (L.) C. pyri were collected from naturally infected orchards in Bursa province (Plots B1 and B2) and a non-infected orchard in the Hatay-Antakya province (Plot A) of Turkey. C. pyri adults captured from infected orchards were placed directly onto healthy periwinkle plants (Catharanthus roseus), whereas the C. pyri from plot A were allowed to feed first on infected pear for two weeks, then transferred to healthy periwinkle plants. Groups of five psyllids per plant were used for transmissison tests and the study was replicated three times. The presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ in psyllids and C. roseus plants was checked by nested PCR using P1/P7 and U3/U5 primer pairs. Although C. pyri have a limited host range they were able to survive up to 20 days on periwinkle plants. Insects collected from Bursa province survived 16-20 days whereas insects from Antakya survived 7-12 days on periwinkle plants. Symptoms consisted of yellowing or clearing of the veins in newly infected leaves, and shortening of the internodes of the main stem. The infected plants remained stunted and with small flowers. Results based on the RFLP analysis of infected plants exposed to psyllids from plot B1and B2 indicated that the experimental infection rate of periwinkle plants and psyllids was 33.3% and 16.6%, respectively. No infected periwinkle was found in plants exposed to psyllids from plot A, but the psyllids used for experimental transmission experiments were 33.3 % infected. Transmission trials under controlled conditions showed the capability of C. pyri to transmit PD from infected pears to healthy periwinkles and confirmed their potential as vectors of Ca. P. pyri in Turkey. Keywords: Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri, pear psyllid, transmission efficienc

Effect of Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri infection on fruit quality, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of ‘Deveci’ pear,

Pear decline is an important threat for Turkish pear production. In this study, we attempt to compare several pomological characteristics, total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacities in Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri infected and noninfected ‘Deveci’ pear from Bursa, Turkey. Based on pear decline symptoms, the fruit samples were taken in October 2008 on harvest maturity from four infected and non-infected trees. Presence of Candidatus P. pyri was later confirmed by nested PCR tests. The result indicated that infection significantly reduced fruit size, width, length; and increased pH, color values of a, b and hue. Abortive and healthy seed numbers and weights, soluble solids and acidity did not change significantly. Similarly, the infection did not affect the flesh color. To investigate a possible differential response on skin and flesh of fruits, total phenolic (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) analyses were conducted on skin and flesh tissues separately. The results indicated that, infected skin tissue had higher total phenolic and total antioxidant capacity for both methods analyzed (TEAC and FRAP). TP content of skin increased from 806 to 923 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g fresh weight (fw) while TP content of flesh increased from 195 to 249 μg GAE/g fw. TAC also found to be enhanced on infected fruits. On average, non-infected trees had 32.4 and 28.3 μmol TE/g fw for TEAC and FRAP, respectively. Infection increased these averages to 35.4 and 32.3 μmol TE/g fw tabulating 18 and 12% increase in flesh tissue. Similarly, the TEAC and FRAP averages increased from 4.0 to 5.8 and 3.3 to 4.9 μmol TE/g fw, respectively.Keywords: Abiotic stress, FRAP, pear decline, phytoplasma, TEA

Antifungal Activity of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria against to Several Soil-borne Fungal Pathogens Isolated from Strawberry Plants

Developing alternative control methods such as using beneficial microorganisms and their metabolites to control the plant diseases has gained so much importance along recent years and research on this area are increasing day by day. In this study the possibilities of using microorganisms which have antimicrobial effects on controlling soil-borne fungi at strawberry production were investigated. Effects of different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were studied in vitro and in vivo against the development of several soil-borne fungi. LAB were screened for antifungal activity by using cell free supernatant against Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Macrophomina sp., Botrytis sp., Phtopythium sp., Cylindrocarpon sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp. Cell free supernatant of LAB isolates showed antifungal activity against fungi. In vitro effective strains of LAB were used in pot experiments to search their effects on fungal development and the development of the plant. While the antifungal effects of all LAB strains tested in vitro experiments exhibited promising results, in vivo experiments revealed similar effects on different fungi genera

ÇÖLÜN ORTASINDA KÖK SALMAYA ÇALIŞAN FİDANLAR

Uluslararası Bakalorya Programı A1 Türkçe dersi çerçevesinde hazırlanan bu uzun tez çalışmasında, Türkiye’nin bir gerçeği olan Almanya’ya dış göçün, birey psikolojisi üzerine etkileri Gülten Dayıoğlu’nun “Geride Kalanlar” ve “Geriye Dönenler” adlı yapıtlarından örneklenerek incelenmiştir. Bu uzun tez çalışmasındaki amaç; Almanya’ya işçi göçü adı altında dış göç yapan bireylerin ailelerinin ve kendilerinin yaşantılarında ve gelecek kuşaklarda gözlenen karakter oluşumlarını incelemek ve bunların nedenlerini ortaya koymaktır. Bireylerin yaşayışlarındaki değişikliklerden ve toplumdan gördükleri tepkilerden yola çıkarak, dış göçün birey psikolojisi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir

Somatik hibridizasyon ile turunçgil tristeza virüsü (CTV)'ne tolerant anaç bitkiler elde edilmesi

TEZ2866Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1998.Kaynakça (s. 55-63) var.vii, 73 s. ; rnk. res. ; 30 cm.