Science Perceptions of Prospective Class Teachers

The perceptions of class teachers, who will deliver science education at the elementary school, of information and science are significant as these affect the quality of education received by children.  The aim of this research is to determine perceptions of prospective class teachers of science. The sample group of the research consists of 120 prospective class teachers. Quantitative research method is employed, word association test is used in the research for data collecting. Findings are presented with conceptual networks and frequency tables. It has been determined that prospective teachers can make associations among the concepts of physical science, science, technology, experiment and scientific method whereas they cannot associate science education with science to an adequate level, and they have a part of the elements regarding nature of science. Some recommendations are given based on the research results. Keywords: science education, perception of science, teacher education, prospective teacher

Hydraulic head and groundwater 111Cd content interpolations using empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) and geo-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (geo-ANFIS)

In this study, hydraulic head and 111Cd interpolations based on the geo-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (Geo-ANFIS) and empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) were performed for the alluvium unit of Karabağlar Polje in Muğla, Turkey. Hydraulic head measurements and 111Cd analyses were done for 42 water wells during a snapshot campaign in April 2013. The main objective of this study was to compare Geo-ANFIS and EBK to interpolate hydraulic head and 111Cd content of groundwater. Both models were applied on the same case study: alluvium of Karabağlar Polje, which covers an area of 25 km2 in Muğla basin, in the southwest of Turkey. The ANFIS method (called ANFISXY) uses two reduced centred pre-processed inputs, which are cartesian coordinates (XY). Geo-ANFIS is tested on a 100-random-data subset of 8 data among 42, with the remaining data used to train and validate the models. ANFISXY and EBK were then used to interpolate hydraulic head and heavy metal distribution, on a 50 m2 grid covering the study area for ANFISXY, while a 100 m2 grid was used for EBK. Both EBK- and ANFISXY-simulated hydraulic head and 111Cd distributions exhibit realistic patterns, with RMSE < 9 m and RMSE < 8 μg/L, respectively. In conclusion, EBK can be considered as a better interpolation method than ANFISXY for both parameters.Keywords: ANFIS, EBK, interpolation, hydraulic head, metal, 111Cd, alluvium, Muğl

Health Problems of Ancient Anatolian Populations

One of the most significant study fields of anthropology is paleopathology. In paleopathology studies, effects of past diseases on skeleton system are evaluated in different categories by taking their etiologies into consideration. By the analysis of these traces, information about general life conditions and health profiles of old communities can be gathered. In some researches since the beginning of bringing skeletons of Old Anatolian communities until today, analysis of pathologic features of old Anatolian communities had been carried out. Although studies at the beginning weren’t carried out in details, paleopathologic researches that were done during last 30 years have been analyzed in more details. In this research, eras, in which health problems, life styles and diseases occurred which were revealed through paleopathologic researches on skeletons of communities that had lived in Anatolia from Paleolithic age until 20th century are evaluated chronologicall

Identity and Sex Determination with Anthropometric Measurements Taken from Photographs and Faces

The continuous increasing ratio of criminal and criminality due to various environmental factors such as social, psychological factors in the world has necessitated the invention of new identification methods. In countries where official registrations are kept well, documents such as handprint, fingerprints, iris, retina scanning, face identification, registration related to teeth, laboratory registrations including blood group are very effective. The lack or inexistence of the registration of these documents in our country makes identity determination difficult. This research will try to solve the problem of identification for individuals who do not have any document certifying identity. For this, a sample group consisting of 100 male and 100 female individuals over the age of 20 was created and some photographs of these individuals were taken from the front and the side. 20 anthropometric measurements that are previously determined were taken firstly from their faces, later taken from their photographs. According to the results, measurements taken from women's faces such as the width of bizygomatic, the length of nose, (p<0,01), the width of biotobasion superius, the length of ectocanthion, the width of nose, the height of nose and the length of ear (p<0.001) are found to be clearly different from the measurements taken from their photographs. It is found that these differences are significant in the result of t test. According to the men's results, difference among bizygomatic width,  biotobasion süperius width biotobasion inferior width,  bitragüs width,  trichion-stomion length, ectocanthion, endocanthion, nose length, nose width, ear height measurements  (p<0,001) are significant. When we calculated our worsted values calculated from the measurements taken over the face with the measurements we took from the photographs again, it was observed that these values changed quite a lot. Since the anthropometric points cannot be accurately identified in photographs, the margin of error will increase. If the face can be measured directly, it should be taken or the photograph should be taken in consideration of these problems

Comparison of Self-reported and Measured Height, Weight and BMI in Turkish University Students

Accuracy and validity of self-reported height and weight, and body image satisfaction have not been yet evaluated particularly in young adult population in Turkey. The aim of the study was to establish the differences between self-reported and measured height and weight, and body mass index (BMI). The study was conducted on 617 university students (304 males and 313 females) aged 17–30 years from Ankara and Sivas, Turkey. Height and weight were measured and obtained by a questionnaire. From both measured and self-reported values for accuracy absolute differences were calculated. BMI was calculated from both self-reported and m

Human Activity in Palaeolithic Period in Çanakkale Province

It is acknowledged in the light of today's information that human species first appeared in Africa and spread to other parts of the world. It is one of the most important issues to determine which routes human species took during this process and where their living areas were located. Due to its position between Africa, Asia and Europe, the Anatolian peninsula is a region of critical importance for the investigation of this issue. In Çanakkale province, which is located in a key region in terms of fossil human population spread to Europe, 40 locality where Paleolithic chipped stone finds were found were determined during the surveys carried out between 2014 and 2017. This number is expected to increase as a result of the research to be carried out in the following years. During these researches, 16 caves were found and excavations were initiated in İnkaya Cave, which has an intensive human settlement. In this study, field surveys in Çanakkale province that have been ongoing for 4 seasons and the fossil human traces in the light of the findings obtained from these studies are discussed