28 research outputs found

    ”A difficult and delicate process that is not simply a matter of the head, but more so of the heart” : Om försoning

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    Reconciliation research consists of two practices, one focusing on the emotional and healing aspects of the process and another that focus on the political and legal actions. Yeudith Auerbach created a theory, the reconciliation pyramid, which aims to manage both aspects. The purpose of this thesis is to apply Auerbach's theory to the reconciliation process in two empirical cases, the Rwandan genocide and the war in former Yugoslavia, Bosnia-Hercegovina. The aim is to assess the empirical processes' functionality on an individual level. By the concept of functionality we refer to the extent to which individuals have achieved reconciliation in reference to steps in the reconciliation pyramid. The reconciliation pyramid consists of seven different steps, each step brings the individual closer to reconciliation: 1. Acquaintance with Clashing Narratives 2. Acknowledging the Other’s Narratives, Without Necessarily Accepting Them as True 3. Expressing Empathy for the Other’s Plight 4. Assuming (at Least) Partial Responsibility for the Other’s Alleged Plights 5. Expressing Readiness for Restitution or Reparation for Past Wrongs 6. Publicly Apologizing and Asking for Forgiveness for Past Wrongs 7. Striving to Incorporate Opposite Narratives into Accepted Mutual Accounts of the Past By analyzing scientific texts and interviews with locals in Rwanda and Bosnia-Hercegovina their individual narratives of the conflict and reconciliation process, are made clear. The narratives are interpreted in order to deduce the degree of functionality of the process among the locals. Thus, the reconciliation process in Rwanda is constructed in a manner that requires participation by the local population, e.g the Gacaca courts. The extent of individual functionality in Bosnia-Hercegovina is less due to international actors, who designed the reconciliation model in Bosnia-Hercegovina, lack of resources and their inability find a way to incorporate the local population in the process. Auerbach's reconciliation pyramid and the functionality analysis can, however, be used to explain why the individual functionality in the Bosnia-Hercegovina model is so low. Keywords: reconciliation, Rwanda, Bosnien-Hercegovina, functionality, individual, narrative Words: 6 99

    Magnesium and depression

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    Bakgrund: Depression Àr en av de stora folksjukdomarna i vÀrlden. Behovet av effektiv behandling Àr stort. Ny forskning studerar N-metyl-D-aspartat-receptorn och signalsubstansen glutamat för att utröna hur dessa pÄverkar kÀnsloregleringen. Magnesium Àr med och reglerar glutamatsystemet. Metod: Uppsatsen Àr en litteraturstudie och metoden har varit att granska Ätta artiklar som studerat magnesium och depression och jÀmföra deras resultat. Sökord har varit Magnesium, depression, affective disorder, dietary magnesium intake depression. Resultat: Artiklarna kom fram till olika resultat. Majoriteten av artiklarna visar pÄ ett positivt samband mellan hög magnesiumnivÄ och minskade depressionssymptom. Slutsats: En majoritet av studiernas resultat visar att magnesium har positiv effekt pÄ symptom hos deprimerade personer. Behovet av effektiv behandling av depression Àr stort och mer forskning krÀvs.Background: Depression is one of the most common diseases in the world. The need for effective treatment is urgent. Clinical studies have suggested a role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the glutamic system to have an important role in the mood regulate system. Magnesium is involved in the regulation of the glutamic system. Method: This dissertation is a literature study that has methodologically examined eight articles on the association between magnesium and depression. The differing results were compared. Key word: Magnesium, depression, affective disorder, dietary magnesium intake depression. Result: The articles results were divergent. The majority showed a positive correlation between high magnesium levels and decreasing depression symptoms. Conclusion: A majority of the articles showed that magnesium has positive impact on depression status. Additional research is required

    Co-creating A Brand Personality : An empirical case study on how a firm personifies its own brand by collaborating with other enterprises at the market

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    Purpose - The objective of this paper is to investigate how a brand reinforces its own brand personality by collaborating with partnering brands.  Design/Methodology/approach - A qualitative single case study approach was undertaken on the Swedish grocery brand Coop by which data were collected through the use of both primary and secondary data. In addition data have been extracted from interviews with some of the partnering brands of Coop. Findings - The findings illustrates how Coop as the green and family-oriented brand have selected partners that meets particular associations with regards to its family-orientation and sustainable mindset. The empirical findings points to the importance of integrating a co-creating aspect within theories on brand personality as to give a complete picture of how it could be formed and implemented. Research implications/limitations - The study adds theoretically with an update on how a company could form its own brand personality by the help of others. As this research have been focused on a firm perspective it have not been possible to address whether co-creation of a brand personality actually could be seen as resulting in a greater loyalty on part of customers. Further research will hence be needed that either takes a purely customer-oriented approach to the subject or preferably a combination between a firm and customer perspective.   Managerial implications - The empirical findings points to the possibility of managers to deliberately establish a brand personality by the help of other enterprises. The study moreover points to the importance of choosing to collaborate with partners that either are aligned with a personality or complementary in some beneficial way. Originality/value - Previous research on brand personality have mainly focused on how a firm could reinforce a certain profile by the more traditional marketing tools that are under the direct control of a company. The present research assemble contributes with an update on how a personality also could be seen as being co-created between a firm and a number of partnering brands

    Norm diffusion i Maldiverna: Internationella normers mottagande och förÀndring i verklighetens komplexitet.

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    Researchers say that the world is experiencing a “youth bulge” that is creating great socioeconomic and employment-related challenges. The youth bulge also means more young people are falling victims for failed peace processes, political unrest and violence. To address the issues related to youth, peace and security the UN Security Council adopted in December 2015, resolution 2250 (UNSCR2250).¹ The aim of this study is to determine if and how the international norms of UNSCR 2250 have been received and altered in policy at a national and local level. To determine this, in-depth case studies of the Maldivian National Action Points from the resolution’s national launch as well as the civil society organization JCI Maldives (JCIM) aims and objectives on youth, peace and security, are analyzed in relation to the resolution. The study uses theories of vertical and horizontal norm diffusion, friction and localization to track the changes between the different levels of abstraction. The study’s thesis shows that the JCIM and the Maldivian state have interpreted the international norms differently and that there is a broader adaptation at the local level. At the national level, there has been more resistance and a greater dominance of the state's own interests when adopting the resolution's recommendations. At both levels, there has been a “frictional” encounter with the international norms as well as a process of “localization”. The study concludes that international norms make a difference in how policy is drafted, and that these norms change due to frictional encounters and the process of localization

    The influence of psychological stress on dental caries and periodontal disease : A literature review

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    Introduktion/Bakgrund: Karies- och parodontal sjukdom Ă€r globalt de tvĂ„ mest förekommande orala sjukdomarna och kan leda till smĂ€rta, svĂ„righeter att tugga och försĂ€mrad livskvalitĂ©. Psykisk stress pĂ„verkar en individ bĂ„de fysiologiskt och psykologiskt. Den psykiska stressen har ökat i samhĂ€llet och lĂ„ngvarig psykisk stress pĂ„verkar olika organsystem i kroppen negativt vilket kan leda till sĂ„rbarhet för sjukdom. Dessutom kan psykisk stress utgöra en risk för att utveckla karies- och parodontal sjukdom. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva den psykiska stressens pĂ„verkan pĂ„ karies- och parodontal sjukdom. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes genom att systematisk samla in aktuell kunskap inom Ă€mnesomrĂ„det frĂ„n databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Granskningsmallar för kvantitativa studier anvĂ€ndes vid kvalitetsgranskning av de inkluderade studierna. Totalt inkluderades tio studier i resultatet dĂ€r samtliga var kvantitativa med mixad metod. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i följande teman; “Psykisk stress och biologisk pĂ„verkan”, “Den psykiska stressens pĂ„verkan pĂ„ beteende och hanteringsstrategier”, och “Psykisk stress och sociala faktorers pĂ„verkan”. Studiens resultat rapporterar att höga nivĂ„er av psykisk stress pĂ„verkar karies- och parodontal sjukdom. Slutsats: Psykisk stress tillsammans med parodontal sjukdom ger ökad bennedbrytning av det alveolĂ€ra benet och försĂ€mrade resultat vid parodontal behandling. Psykisk stress Ă€r associerat med sociala faktorer och bidrar till negativa munhĂ€lsobeteenden vilket utgör en risk för karies- och parodontal sjukdom. Hanteringsstrategier för psykisk stress kan verka skyddande mot utveckling av dessa orala sjukdomar.Introduction/Background: Dental caries and periodontal disease are the two most common oral diseases globally and can lead to pain, difficulty when chewing and reduced quality of life. Psychological stress affects an individual both physiologically and psychologically. Psychological stress has increased in society and longterm psychological stress negatively affects various organ systems in the body, which can lead to vulnerability to disease. In addition, psychological stress can pose a risk för dental caries and periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to describe the impact of psychological stress on dental caries and periodontal disease. Method: A literature study was carried out by systematically retrieving current knowledge in the subject area from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. Review templates for quantitative studies were used in the quality review of the included studies. A total of ten studies were included in the result, all of which were quantitative with mixed methods. Results: The results are presented in the following themes; “Psychological stress and biological influence”, “The psychological stress influence on behavior and coping strategies”, and “Psychological stress and the influence of social factors”. The study results report that high levels of psychological stress have an impact on dental caries and periodontal disease. Conclusion: Psychological stress together with periodontal disease cause reduced bone-level of the alveolar bone and worsened results in periodontal treatment. Psychological stress is associated with social factors and contributes to negative oral health behaviors, which pose a risk for dental caries and periodontal disease. Coping strategies for psychological stress can be protective against the development of these oral diseases

    Small companies meets with Covid-19 : A qualitative study on changing strategy in crisis

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    Titel: SmĂ„företags möte med covid-19 - En kvalitativ studie om förĂ€ndring av strategi vid kris Författare: Annie Johansson & Louise Åberg Handledare: Pia Nylinder Examinator: Petter Boye Institution: Ekonomprogrammet, LinnĂ©universitetet i Kalmar. Introduktion: I början av vĂ„ren 2020 spred sig viruset covid-19 över hela vĂ€rlden. Detta virus ha orsakat stora ekonomiska konsekvenser för bland annat företag i Sverige och de har svĂ„righeter att klara sig ekonomiskt. Det finns emellertid bristande forskning om hur smĂ„ företags tillĂ€mpning av strategi vid kris samt hur denna strategi förĂ€ndras för att de ekonomiskt ska kunna gĂ„ runt. Speciellt vid en pandemi som covid-19 dĂ„ det Ă€r första gĂ„ngen detta drabbar vĂ€rlden i modern tid. Det Ă€r ett unikt tillfĂ€lle att fĂ„nga upp smĂ„ företagens agerande mitt i detta kaos. Syfte: Syftet med studien Ă€r att analysera om och hur smĂ„företag i Sverige förĂ€ndrar sin strategi till följd av covid-19 pandemin. För att kunna analysera detta kommer vi fokusera pĂ„ hur företagen hanterar sin strategi nĂ€r de Ă€r i kris i jĂ€mförelse med vilka strategier de hade innan krisen pĂ„verkade dem. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod dĂ€r en vĂ€xling mellan teori och empiri har nyttjats för att möjliggöra en justering av teorin för att matcha studiens riktning. En resebyrĂ„, en camping samt en livsmedelsbutik har intervjuats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, vilket vi baserar vĂ„r empiri pĂ„. Intervjuerna har skett med personer som Ă€r kunniga inom omrĂ„det pĂ„ sitt företag. Slutsats: Studien har visat att samtliga tre företag genomgĂ„r strategiförĂ€ndringar i samband med covid-19 för att ekonomiskt klara av krisen. Resultatet visar Ă€ven att företagen arbetar mer med en strategi som process Ă€n strategi som plan p.g.a. av det ökade behovet av flexibilitet. Även andra faktorer som bland annat kundfokus och tekniskt innovativa idĂ©er skapar möjligheter för företaget att utveckla sig Ă€ven i kriser.Title: Small companies meets with Covid-19 - A qualitative study on changing strategy in crisis Authors: Annie Johansson & Louise Åberg Supervisor: Pia Nylinder Examiner: Petter Boye Institution: Bachelor of Science in Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, Sweden Introduction: In early spring 2020, the virus covid-19 spread throughout the world. This virus has caused great financial consequences for companies, among other, in Sweden and they have difficulties in managing financially. However, there is a lack of research on how small companies apply strategy in crisis as well as how this strategy changes in order to be economically viable. Especially in a pandemic like covid-19 when it is the first time this has hit the world in modern times. It is a unique moment to catch up with small businesses in the midst of this chaos. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyse if and how small companies in Sweden are changing their strategy in results of the covid-19 pandemic. In order to analyse this, we will focus on how the companies manage their strategy when they are in crisis to compare to the strategy they used before the crisis. Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative research method where an alternation between theory and empiricism was used to enable an adjustment of the theory to match the study's direction. A travel agency, a camping and a grocery store have been interviewed through semi-structured interviews, on which we base our empiricism. The interviews have taken place with people who are knowledgeable in the field at their company. Conclusion: The study has shown that all three companies are undergoing strategy changes in conjunction with covid-19 to financially cope with the crisis. The result also shows that the companies work more with a strategy as a process than a strategy as a plan, because of the increased need for flexibility. Other factors such as customer focus and technologically innovative ideas also create opportunities for the company to develop even in crises

    The influence of psychological stress on dental caries and periodontal disease : A literature review

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    Introduktion/Bakgrund: Karies- och parodontal sjukdom Ă€r globalt de tvĂ„ mest förekommande orala sjukdomarna och kan leda till smĂ€rta, svĂ„righeter att tugga och försĂ€mrad livskvalitĂ©. Psykisk stress pĂ„verkar en individ bĂ„de fysiologiskt och psykologiskt. Den psykiska stressen har ökat i samhĂ€llet och lĂ„ngvarig psykisk stress pĂ„verkar olika organsystem i kroppen negativt vilket kan leda till sĂ„rbarhet för sjukdom. Dessutom kan psykisk stress utgöra en risk för att utveckla karies- och parodontal sjukdom. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva den psykiska stressens pĂ„verkan pĂ„ karies- och parodontal sjukdom. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes genom att systematisk samla in aktuell kunskap inom Ă€mnesomrĂ„det frĂ„n databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Granskningsmallar för kvantitativa studier anvĂ€ndes vid kvalitetsgranskning av de inkluderade studierna. Totalt inkluderades tio studier i resultatet dĂ€r samtliga var kvantitativa med mixad metod. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i följande teman; “Psykisk stress och biologisk pĂ„verkan”, “Den psykiska stressens pĂ„verkan pĂ„ beteende och hanteringsstrategier”, och “Psykisk stress och sociala faktorers pĂ„verkan”. Studiens resultat rapporterar att höga nivĂ„er av psykisk stress pĂ„verkar karies- och parodontal sjukdom. Slutsats: Psykisk stress tillsammans med parodontal sjukdom ger ökad bennedbrytning av det alveolĂ€ra benet och försĂ€mrade resultat vid parodontal behandling. Psykisk stress Ă€r associerat med sociala faktorer och bidrar till negativa munhĂ€lsobeteenden vilket utgör en risk för karies- och parodontal sjukdom. Hanteringsstrategier för psykisk stress kan verka skyddande mot utveckling av dessa orala sjukdomar.Introduction/Background: Dental caries and periodontal disease are the two most common oral diseases globally and can lead to pain, difficulty when chewing and reduced quality of life. Psychological stress affects an individual both physiologically and psychologically. Psychological stress has increased in society and longterm psychological stress negatively affects various organ systems in the body, which can lead to vulnerability to disease. In addition, psychological stress can pose a risk för dental caries and periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to describe the impact of psychological stress on dental caries and periodontal disease. Method: A literature study was carried out by systematically retrieving current knowledge in the subject area from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. Review templates for quantitative studies were used in the quality review of the included studies. A total of ten studies were included in the result, all of which were quantitative with mixed methods. Results: The results are presented in the following themes; “Psychological stress and biological influence”, “The psychological stress influence on behavior and coping strategies”, and “Psychological stress and the influence of social factors”. The study results report that high levels of psychological stress have an impact on dental caries and periodontal disease. Conclusion: Psychological stress together with periodontal disease cause reduced bone-level of the alveolar bone and worsened results in periodontal treatment. Psychological stress is associated with social factors and contributes to negative oral health behaviors, which pose a risk for dental caries and periodontal disease. Coping strategies for psychological stress can be protective against the development of these oral diseases

    Flygplatsen och informationens livscykel : En komparativ studie mellan SmÄland Airport och kandidatprogrammet i biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap vid Linnéuniversitetet

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    VÀxjö is a medium-sized town situated in the centre of the county SmÄland in Sweden with a good infrastructure and logistics and with a university that encourages cooperation with private and public companies. It is in this town that our case study of SmÄland Airport will take place. The aim of this study is to examine in which way the program of Library and Information Science at the Linnaeus University in VÀxjö offers knowledge that can be relevant for the staff at the airport in VÀxjö - SmÄland Airport. Using Wilsons model as our theoretical framework we examine how these two align with each other and by using a matrix that we ourselves elaborated in our analysis, we provide a clear picture of how the comparability two places comparability is represented. The result shows that there are compatible aspects to the SmÄland Aiports needs and what the program of Library and Information Science has to offer. We conclude that areas such as knowledge management, document management and good reception are similar

    Pedagogers förhÄllningssÀtt :   - En intervjustudie av pedagoger och elever som har svenska som andrasprÄk samt allmÀnna matematiksvÄrigheter.

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    Det finns tidigare forskning om hur pedagoger bemöter elever som har allmÀnna matematiksvÄrigheter. Bemötandet pÄverkas av mÄnga olika faktorer som till exempel andra mÀnniskors uppfattningar, vÀrderingar och attityder. I denna uppsats har vi valt att belysa hur pedagogers bemötande och sprÄk mot de elever som har svenska som andrasprÄk samt med allmÀnna matematiksvÄrigheter har för betydelse i lÀrande situationer. UtifrÄn det uppkom tvÄ frÄgestÀllningar som uppsatsen grundar sig pÄ. Dessa tvÄ frÄgestÀllningar Àr hur uppfattar pedagoger att deras sprÄkhandlingar bidrar till elevers lÀrande av matematik och hur uppfattar elever att pedagogers sprÄkhandlingar bidrar till deras lÀrande av matematik? Denna uppsats Àr genomförd med kvalitativ metod och den grundar sig pÄ tolv intervjuer varav fyra stycken intervjuer Àr frÄn pedagoger och Ätta stycken intervjuer frÄn elever. Av alla elever hör tvÄ elever samman med en pedagog och samtliga elever har svenska som andrasprÄk och allmÀnna matematiksvÄrigheter. Det vi kom fram till var att pedagogernas synsÀtt pÄ elevernas svÄrigheter inte alltid stÀmde överrens med elevernas synsÀtt. DÀrför Àr vÄr slutsats att det Àr viktigt som pedagog att granska sig sjÀlv för att utvecklas

    Hur kan prosociala beteenden frÀmjas under kriser?

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    We live in a time where recurring crises, surrounded with information about how to behave to reduce the negative effects of the crises. Encouraging prosocial behavior has been shown to reduce the negative effects, therefore, it is important to examine what promotes prosociality when disaster strikes. This exploratory study examines twelve articles, published in the field of psychology during the period 2021-2023, to identify which factors promote prosocial behavior during the COVID-19 crisis. The result shows that social identity, knowledge transfer, and expected efficacy of behavior change, with respect to internal drivers and the context, were all important factors for improving prosocial behavior during the COVID-19 crisis. This can provide insights into how we can promote prosocial behavior and prepare for future crises.Vi lever i en tid dÄ kriser avlöser varandra och vi översköljs av information om hur vi ska bete oss för att minska dess negativa effekter. Att frÀmja prosocialt beteende visar sig minska negativa effekter av kriser och dÀrför Àr det viktigt att undersöka vad som frÀmjar prosocialitet under pÄgÄende kriser. Denna explorativa litteraturstudie omfattar tolv artiklar publicerade inom ÀmnesomrÄdet psykologi mellan Är 2021-2023, dÀr olika faktorer som kan frÀmja prosocialt beteende under COVID-19 krisen identifieras. Resultatet av denna genomgÄng visar att social identitet, kunskapsöverföring och förvÀntad effekt av en beteendeförÀndring, med avseende pÄ inre drivkrafter och kontexter, var viktiga faktorer som var associerade med prosocialt beteende under COVID- 19 krisen. Dessa resultat kan ge nya insikter om hur vi kan frÀmja prosociala beteenden och förbereda oss för eventuella framtida kriser
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