Um sistema de transcrição para língua de sinais brasileira: o caso de um avatar

A língua de sinais brasileira (libras) é uma língua visuoespacial reconhecida como segunda língua oficial do Brasil. Existem vários estudos que mostram que as línguas de sinais são línguas naturais. Contudo, diferentemente das línguas orais, que podem ser representadas, por exemplo, pelo sistema alfabético, a libras não possui um sistema de transcrição amplamente aceito. Muitos autores adotam o sistema de glosas, por causa da facilidade de leitura proporcionada, visto que são palavras de uma língua oral usadas para representar um sinal de forma aproximada. Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma sistematização da transcrição por glosas e mostrar sua importância para pesquisas linguísticas e de engenharia. Esse estudo é relevante tanto para o estudo da língua em si, como também na construção de avatares voltados para uma tradução automática. Neste trabalho também é avaliada a relação entre glosas em ASL e libras de forma explícita, apontando simplificações benéficas. Além disso, estabelece-se uma distinção entre transcrições largas e estreitas de glosas, exemplificando sua representação com um agente virtual sinalizador1331248COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES88887.091672/2014-01Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) is a visuospatial language recognized as the second official language of Brazil. There are several studies showing that sign languages are natural languages. However, as far as writing is concerned and differently from oral languages that can be represented by, for instance, the alphabetical system, Libras has no widely-accepted transcription system. For the sake of readability, several authors adopt a system of glosses. Glosses are words of an oral language used to approximately represent a signal of a sign language. This work aims at proposing a scheme for gloss transcription system by showing its importance for both linguistic and engineering research. This study is relevant both to the study of language itself and to the building of avatars devoted to automatic translation. In this work, glosses in ASL and Libras are explicitly compared with each other in order to propose beneficial simplifications for the transcription. Furthermore, a distinction between a broad and a narrow transcription of glosses is presented, which allows its representation with a sign language virtual agen

UM SISTEMA DE TRANSCRIÇÃO PARA LÍNGUA DE SINAIS BRASILEIRA: O CASO DE UM AVATAR

A língua de sinais brasileira (libras) é uma língua visuoespacial reconhecida como segunda língua oficial do Brasil. Existem vários estudos que mostram que as línguas de sinais são línguas naturais. Contudo, diferentemente das línguas orais, que podem ser representadas, por exemplo, pelo sistema alfabético, a libras não possui um sistema de transcrição amplamente aceito. Muitos autores adotam o sistema de glosas, por causa da facilidade de leitura proporcionada, visto que são palavras de uma língua oral usadas para representar um sinal de forma aproximada. Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma sistematização da transcrição por glosas e mostrar sua importância para pesquisas linguísticas e de engenharia. Esse estudo é relevante tanto para o estudo da língua em si, como também na construção de avatares voltados para uma tradução automática. Neste trabalho também é avaliada a relação entre glosas em ASL e libras de forma explícita, apontando simplificações benéficas. Além disso, estabelece-se uma distinção entre transcrições largas e estreitas de glosas, exemplificando sua representação com um agente virtual sinalizador

Pulp response of rats submitted to bleaching and the use of different anti-inflammatory drugs.

This study aimed to evaluate neuropeptide expression after bleaching treatment using histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses and the effects of hydrocortisone and acetaminophen on pulp inflammation, sine dental bleaching and inflammation first occur, and only then, the treatmentt. Sixty-three rats were divided into three groups (n = 21) according to the pain-relieving therapy used: I-control; II-topical application of Otosporin for 10 min after the bleaching treatment; III-oral administration of paracetamol 30 min before whitening and then every 12h. In all the study groups, placebo gel was applied to the left upper jaw (control) and a 35% H2O2-based whitening gel was applied to the right upper jaw for 45 min. Seven animals from each group were euthanized at different time points: 0h after treatment, 24h, and 48h. After euthanasia, the first molar on each side was analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to assess the degree of inflammation and verify the presence of the neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The data were analyzed using the statistical nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test for individual comparisons. Extensive areas of necrosis were observed in the groups that received bleaching treatment only, whereas reduced damage were obtained in the group treated with Otosporin. The immunohistochemical analysis showed positive immunolabeling in all groups, including the control, but this was stronger in the groups that received bleaching treatment. The best results were obtained in the group that received treatment with Otosporin. The use of Otosporin after dental bleaching minimized the side effects of this treatment

Proposal for a strategic planning for the replacement of products in stores based on sales forecast

This paper presents a proposal for strategic planning for the replacement of products in stores of a supermarket network. A quantitative method for forecasting time series is used for this, the Artificial Radial Basis Neural Networks (RBFs), and also a qualitative method to interpret the forecasting results and establish limits for each product stock for each store in the network. The purpose with this strategic planning is to reduce the levels of out-of-stock products (lack of products on the shelves), as well as not to produce overstocking, in addition to increase the level of logistics service to customers. The results were highly satisfactory reducing the Distribution Center (DC) to shop out-of-stock levels, in average, from 12% to about 0.7% in hypermarkets and from 15% to about 1.7% in supermarkets, thereby generating numerous competitive advantages for the company. The use of RBFs for forecasting proved to be efficient when used in conjunction with the replacement strategy proposed in this work, making effective the operational processes

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)